Evaluación del índice de pie plano y prevalencia de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos del pie en deportistas Jóvenes: natación, remo y levantamiento de pesas

Objectives: The objective of this work was to analyze the morphology of the soles of the feet in young athletes to find the prevalence of these pathologies through the Chippaux-Smirak index. Material and Methods: Seventy-five athletes between nine and twenty years old participated in the study (56% female and 44% male), the average mass was 62.92 ± 13.46kg and the average height was 1.67 ± 0.11m. The sports considered in the study were weightlifting, swimming, and rowing. Results: The results clearly show that flatfeet in adolescents and young adults is a condition with a low prevalence level, 10.7% and 12% for the right and left foot, respectively. One of the most outstanding results found in the study is the high prevalence of cavus foot, where women are the most affected by this pathology. Furthermore, swimming presented the highest prevalence of cavus foot, 42.1% and 52.6% for the right and left foot, respectively. Conclusion:  In conclusion, the understanding of the morphology of the soles of the feet can help to determine the foot type in these three different sports, and therefore, it can be implemented physiotherapeutic treatments or orthotics devices for overcome the musculoskeletal disorders and prevent future injures.Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la morfología de las plantas de los pies en jóvenes deportistas para encontrar la prevalencia de estas patologías a través del índice de Chippaux-Smirak.  Material y Métodos: Setenta y cinco atletas entre nueve y veinte años de edad participaron en el estudio (56% mujeres y 44% hombres), la masa promedio fue de 62.92 ± 13.46kg y la altura promedio fue de 1.67 ± 0.11m. Los deportes considerados en el estudio fueron levantamiento de pesas, natación y remo. Resultados: Los resultados muestran claramente que los pies planos en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes son una condición con un nivel de prevalencia bajo, 10.7% y 12% para el pie derecho e izquierdo, respectivamente. Uno de los resultados más sobresalientes encontrados en el estudio es la alta prevalencia de pie cavo, donde las mujeres son las más afectadas por esta alteración. Además, natación presentó mayor prevalencia de pie cavo, 42.1% y 52.6% para el pie derecho e izquierdo, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La comprensión de la morfología de las plantas de los pies puede ayudar a determinar el tipo de pie en estos tres deportes diferentes y, por lo tanto, se pueden implementar tratamientos fisioterapéuticos o dispositivos ortopédicos para superar los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos y prevenir futuras lesiones

Antibiotic resistance genes in phage particles from Antarctic and Mediterranean seawater ecosystems

Anthropogenic activities are a key factor in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, a growing problem worldwide. Nevertheless, antibiotics and resistances were being generated by bacterial communities long before their discovery by humankind, and might occur in areas without human influence. Bacteriophages are known to play a relevant role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments. In this study, five ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9, sul1 and tetW) were monitored in phage particles isolated from seawater of two different locations: (i) the Mediterranean coast, subjected to high anthropogenic pressure, and (ii) the Antarctic coast, where the anthropogenic impact is low. Although found in lower quantities, ARG-containing phage particles were more prevalent among the Antarctic than the Mediterranean seawater samples and Antarctic bacterial communities were confirmed as their source. In the Mediterranean area, ARG-containing phages from anthropogenic fecal pollution might allow ARG transmission through the food chain. ARGs were detected in phage particles isolated from fish (Mediterranean, Atlantic, farmed, and frozen), the most abundant being -lactamases. Some of these particles were infectious in cultures of the fecal bacteria Escherichia coli. By serving as ARG reservoirs in marine environments, including those with low human activity, such as the Antarctic, phages could contribute to ARG transmission between bacterial communities

Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Smartphone Use in the Clinical Care and Safety of Hospitalised Patients

Smartphones have become an indispensable item for nursing students. The use of these devices in the clinical setting could have various effects on the clinical work of nursing students. This study was to explore nursing students’ perceptions of their lived experiences of smartphone use in the clinical setting, in regard to patient safety. A descriptive phenomenological study was carried out. A total of 24 nursing students from a university in the southeast of Spain participated in this study. There were 10 in-depth interviews and two focal groups from January to May 2020. The data analysis was performed using ATLAS.TI software to identify the emergent topics. The COREQ Checklist was used to prepare the manuscript. Three principal topics were identified that illustrated the nursing students’ experiences and perceptions of smartphone use in the clinical setting (1): Using smartphones in the clinical setting as a personal resource, (2) smartphones as a support mechanism for making clinical decisions, (3) impact of smartphones on patient care. The nursing students perceived smartphones as a support mechanism for making clinical decisions and for patient care. Smartphone use during clinical practicums may influence the quality of patient-centred communication and threaten clinical safety. The results of this study provide knowledge on the use of smartphones by nursing students in the clinical setting, which could help to establish measures that guarantee adequate patient care and responsible use of these devices

Association of central obesity with unique cardiac remodelling in young adults born small for gestational age

Being born small for gestational age (SGA, 10% of all births) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in adulthood together with lower exercise tolerance, but mechanistic pathways are unclear. Central obesity is known to worsen cardiovascular outcomes, but it is uncertain how it affects the heart in adults born SGA. We aimed to assess whether central obesity makes young adults born SGA more susceptible to cardiac remodelling and dysfunction.A perinatal cohort from a tertiary university hospital in Spain of young adults (30-40 years) randomly selected, 80 born SGA (birth weight below 10th centile) and 75 with normal birth weight (controls) was recruited. We studied the associations between SGA and central obesity (measured via the hip-to-waist ratio and used as a continuous variable) and cardiac regional structure and function, assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance using statistical shape analysis. Both SGA and waist-to-hip were highly associated to cardiac shape (F = 3.94, P < 0.001; F = 5.18, P < 0.001 respectively) with a statistically significant interaction (F = 2.29, P = 0.02). While controls tend to increase left ventricular end-diastolic volumes, mass and stroke volume with increasing waist-to-hip ratio, young adults born SGA showed a unique response with inability to increase cardiac dimensions or mass resulting in reduced stroke volume and exercise capacity.SGA young adults show a unique cardiac adaptation to central obesity. These results support considering SGA as a risk factor that may benefit from preventive strategies to reduce cardiometabolic risk.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected]

Micropropagación del lirio amazónico (Eucharis grandiflora Planch. & Linden) mediante organogénesis directa.

Amazon lily (Eucharis grandiflora) is a species whose characteristics offer enormous potential for ornamental use, so we sought to have an efficient&nbsp;in vitro&nbsp;protocol for both obtaining and multiplying seedlings. We used the inorganic salts of the basic medium of Murashige &amp; Skoog (1962) at 100%, supplemented with 0.40 mg·L-1 thiamine, 100 mg·L-1 inositol, 80 mg·L-1 L-cysteine, and 30 g·L-1 sucrose. In the&nbsp;in vitro&nbsp;multiplication of seedlings, different levels of BAP were evaluated at doses of 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg·L-1. To promote better shoot development, the best responses were observed in media without the presence of plant growth regulators and by evaluating sucrose content at concentrations from 30 to 70 g·L-1. For seedling rooting, different doses of IAA, IBA, and NAA were used, in intervals of 0.0, 0.3, and 1.0 mg·L-1. For the acclimatization phase of seedlings obtained in vitro, they were placed in 1 L containers with peat moss. The results obtained in the phase of the establishment of explants, percentages of 30% of contamination were obtained. During the multiplication of seedlings, the use of BAP with a dose of 3.0 mg·L-1 produced a maximum of 3.8 shoots per explant. The best development of bulblets was obtained with 50 mg·L-1 of sucrose. During rooting, IAA and IBA did not produce significantly more roots than the control, although a greater length of roots was observed. Also, the addition of NAA promoted the formation of a greater number of roots and less vigor. During acclimatization in the greenhouse, 100% survival of seedlings at 50 days was achieved.El lirio amazónico (Eucharis grandiflora) es una especie cuyas características ofrecen un enorme potencial de uso ornamental, por lo que se buscó contar con un protocolo in vitro eficiente tanto para la obtención y multiplicación de plántulas. Se emplearon las sales inorgánicas del medio básico de Murashige &amp; Skoog (1962) al 100%, suplementadas con 0.40 mg·L-1 de tiamina, 100 mg·L-1 de inositol, 80 mg·L-1 de L-cisteína, y 30 g·L-1 de sacarosa. En la multiplicación in vitro de plántulas, se evaluaron diferentes niveles de BAP en dosis de 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 y 3.0 mg·L-1. Para el enraizamiento de plántulas, se emplearon diferentes dosis de AIA, AIB y ANA, en intervalos de 0.0, 0.3 y 1.0 mg·L-1. Para promover un mejor desarrollo de los brotes, las mejores respuestas se observaron en medios sin la presencia de reguladores del crecimiento y evaluando el contenido de sacarosa en concentraciones de 30 a 70 g·L-1. Para la fase de aclimatización de plántulas obtenidas in vitro, fueron colocadas en contenedores de 1 L con turba de musgo. En lo resultados obtenidos en la fase de establecimiento de explantes, se obtuvieron porcentajes del 30% de contaminación. Durante la multiplicación de plántulas, el uso de BAP con una dosis de 3.0 mg·L-1 produjo un máximo de 3.8 brotes por explante. El mejor desarrollo de los bulbillos se obtuvo con 50 g·L-1 de sacarosa. Durante el enraizamiento el AIA y AIB no produjeron significativamente más raíces que el testigo, aunque se observó una mayor longitud de éstas. Además, la adición del ANA promovió la formación de un mayor número de raíces, y un menor vigor. Durante la aclimatización en invernadero, se logró un 100% de sobrevivencia de plántulas producidas a los 50 días

New insights into the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory chronic disease occurring exclusively in elderly individuals. Until recently, the disease has been considered a unique disease resulting from the interaction in the walls of susceptible arteries, between an unknown infectious agents with local dendritic cells (DCs), activated CD4 T cells and effector macrophages. Recent evidence has shown that this view was too simplistic and has clarified many of the pathogenetic aspects of the disease. Many genetic studies recently published have identified different new genes, including cytokines, adhesion molecules and regulators of innate immunity, as crucial players in the development and progression of GCA. Recent evidence suggests that there is heterogeneity of histological lesions in GCA, that are correlated with different immunological Th9 and Th17 signature. The recent demonstration that Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antigen is present in the 64% of GCA-negative TAs and in the 73% of GCA-positive TAs could represent an important point of arrival in the search for a causative agent in the pathogenesis of a metameric disease such as GCA. In this context, cytokines such as IL-32 and IL-33 that act as a danger signal following tissue damage and infection are over-expressed in GCA arteries. Artery tertiary lymphoid organs, present in up to 50% of GCA-positive arteries, could represent the sites were primary immune responses and T- and B-cell autoimmune responses against viral antigens are organized. The recently demonstrated disturbed distribution of B cells in GCA could be also relevant in the pathogenesis of the disease, possibly contributing to the enhanced IL-6 response. Altogether, these evidences may clarify many pathogenetic aspect of the disease, also suggesting complexity greater than first imagined

Chronic kidney disease in the type 2 diabetic patients: prevalence and associated variables in a random sample of 2642 patients of a Mediterranean area

Background: Kidney disease is associated with an increased total mortality and cardiovascular morbimortality in the general population and in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of kidney disease and different types of renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: Cross-sectional study in a random sample of 2,642 T2DM patients cared for in primary care during 2007. Studied variables: demographic and clinical characteristics, pharmacological treatments and T2DM complications (diabetic foot, retinopathy, coronary heart disease and stroke). Variables of renal function were defined as follows: 1) Microalbuminuria: albumin excretion rate & 30 mg/g or 3.5 mg/mmol, 2) Macroalbuminuria: albumin excretion rate & 300 mg/g or 35 mg/mmol, 3) Kidney disease (KD): glomerular filtration rate according to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or the presence of albuminuria, 4) Renal impairment (RI): glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, 5) Nonalbuminuric RI: glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 without albuminuria and, 5) Diabetic nephropathy (DN): macroalbuminuria or microalbuminuria plus diabetic retinopathy. Results: The prevalence of different types of renal disease in patients was: 34.1% KD, 22.9% RI, 19.5% albuminuria and 16.4% diabetic nephropathy (DN). The prevalence of albuminuria without RI (13.5%) and nonalbuminuric RI (14.7%) was similar. After adjusting per age, BMI, cholesterol, blood pressure and macrovascular disease, RI was significantly associated with the female gender (OR 2.20; CI 95% 1.86-2.59), microvascular disease (OR 2.14; CI 95% 1.8-2.54) and insulin treatment (OR 1.82; CI 95% 1.39-2.38), and inversely associated with HbA1c (OR 0.85 for every 1% increase; CI 95% 0.80-0.91). Albuminuria without RI was inversely associated with the female gender (OR 0.27; CI 95% 0.21-0.35), duration of diabetes (OR 0.94 per year; CI 95% 0.91-0.97) and directly associated with HbA1c (OR 1.19 for every 1% increase; CI 95% 1.09-1.3). Conclusions: One-third of the sample population in this study has KD. The presence or absence of albuminuria identifies two subgroups with different characteristics related to gender, the duration of diabetes and metabolic status of the patient. It is important to determine both albuminuria and GFR estimation to diagnose KD

Health enhancing strength training in nonagenarians (STRONG): rationale, design and methods

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Health Enhancing Strength Training in Nonagenarians (STRONG) is a randomised control trial to assess the effectiveness of an aerobic and strength training program for improving muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in nonagenarians.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixty (51 women) nonagenarians (age range: 90–102 years) who live in a geriatric nursing home will be randomly assigned to either a usual care (control) group (n = 30) or an intervention (training) group (n = 30). Participants allocated in the usual care group will receive general physical activity guidelines and participants allocated in the intervention group will also enrol in three weekly non-consecutive individualized training sessions (~45–50 min each) during 8 weeks. The exercise program will consist of muscular strength [with a special focus on leg press at 30% (start of the program) to 70% 1 repetition maximum (end)] and aerobic exercises (cycle-ergometry during 3–5 to 15 minutes at 12–14 points in the rate of perceived exertion scale).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results from STRONG will help to better understand the potential of regular physical activity for improving the well-being of the oldest population groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The increase in life expectancy together with the dramatic decrease in birth rates in industrialized countries calls the attention to health care systems and public health policymakers to focus attention on promoting healthy lifestyle in the highest sector of the population pyramid. Our study attempts to improve functional capacity and QOL of nonagenarians by implementing an individualised aerobic and strength training program in a geriatric residential care. Results from STRONG will help to better understand the potential of regular physical activity for improving the well being even in persons aged 90 years or over.</p> <p>Trail Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00848978</p

C-reactive protein levels in patients at cardiovascular risk: EURIKA study

Background: Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with high cardiovascular risk, and might identify patients who could benefit from more carefully adapted risk factor management. We have assessed the prevalence of elevated CRP levels in patients with one or more traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Data were analysed from the European Study on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management in Usual Daily Practice (EURIKA, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00882336), which included patients (aged ≥50 years) from 12 European countries with at least one traditional cardiovascular risk factor but no history of cardiovascular disease. Analysis was also carried out on the subset of patients without diabetes mellitus who were not receiving statin therapy. Results: In the overall population, CRP levels were positively correlated with body mass index and glycated haemoglobin levels, and were negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CRP levels were also higher in women, those at higher traditionally estimated cardiovascular risk and those with greater numbers of metabolic syndrome markers. Among patients without diabetes mellitus who were not receiving statin therapy, approximately 30% had CRP levels ≥3 mg/L, and approximately 50% had CRP levels ≥2 mg/L, including those at intermediate levels of traditionally estimated cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: CRP levels are elevated in a large proportion of patients with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, without diabetes mellitus who are not receiving statin therapy, suggesting a higher level of cardiovascular risk than predicted according to conventional risk estimation systems

POR UNA CULTURA DE PAZ: UNA MIRADA DESDE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

En
 virtud
 de
 lo
 anterior,
 los
 estudiosos
 de
 las
 ciencias
 de
 la
 conducta
 
de
 la
 Universidad
Autónoma 
del
 Estado 
de 
México,

ante 
la
persistencia
 y 
proliferación
 de
 estos 
hechos
 en
 diversas
 partes
 del
Mundo
 y
 de
 nuestro 
país 
en 
particular, se
 convocó
 a
 los
 estudiosos
 interesados
 y
 a
 la
 sociedad
 en
 general
 a
 presentar
 trabajos
 para
 analizar,
 debatir
 y
 proponer
 estrategias
 de
 acción
 y
 dirección,
 que
 fortalezcan
 una
 convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz. El
 presente
 texto
 es
 producto
 de 
esta convocatoria 
que
 recoge 
los
trabajos 
de 

los
 interesados 
en 
la
 temática,

 de
 diferentes 
países
(España,
Argentina,
Cuba,
Brasil,
Costa
 Rica
 y
 México)
 retomando
 con
 ello
 sus
 experiencias
 relativas
 al
 estudio,
 análisis,
 comprensión
 e
 instrumentación
 de
 la
 cultura
 de
 paz
 en
 los
 distintos
 ámbitos
 institucionales
 en
 los
 que
 participan:
 educativo,
 salud,
 penitenciario,
 social,
laboral,
familia,
alimentario,
psicológico,
por 
mencionar 
algunos.
 El
 presente
 libro,
 propicia
 un
 espacio
 de
 reflexión,
 diálogo
 y
 posicionamiento
 de
 las 
ciencias 
de 
la 
conducta
 para 
la 
apropiación,
análisis,
debate
 y 
propuestas 
que
 fortalezcan 
una
 cultura
 de 
paz
 a
través
 de 
la
 convivencia 
y
 el 
bienestar
 social 
con
 sentido 
humanista.
El
 sistema 
económico
 neoliberal
 y 
el 
proceso
 de 
globalización 
han
 contribuido
al
 logro
 de
 avances
 significativos
 en
 la
 ciencia
 y
 la
 tecnología,
 pero
 también
 han
 propiciado
 la
 polarización
 de
 las
 sociedades
 lo
 que
 ha
 impactado
 de
 manera
 negativa
 a
 la
 sociedad
 en
 su
 conjunto,
 pero
 en
 mayor
 medida
 a
 los grupos
 vulnerables. Dicha
 polarización
 ha
 traído
 consigo
 un
 desarrollo
 desigual
 del
 mundo
 que
 se
 expresa
 de
 diferentes
 maneras
 tanto
 en
 países
 desarrollados
 como
 en
 los
 llamados
 del
 tercer
 mundo,
 en
 donde
 no
 están
 satisfechas
 las
 necesidades
 humanas 
elementales
 de
 todos 
los
sectores 
de 
la 
población,
siempre 
falta 
algo. 
Si 
a
 esto 
le
 sumamos 
los
conflictos
 internacionales por
 diferentes
 motivos
 que
 enfrentan
 algunas
 naciones,
 una
 insuficiente
 cobertura
 educativa
 y
 de
 salud,

 desempleo
 y
 pobreza 
extrema,
 entre 
otras
 cosas; 
estamos
 frente
 a
retos 
de
 gran
 envergadura
 para
 los
 gobiernos,
 para
 los
 estudiosos
 y
 para
 la
 sociedad
 civil
 en
 general. Uno 
de 
los
 intentos
 para
 frenar 
y prevenir 
la
 agudización
 de 
estas 
problemáticas
 es
 la
 cultura 
de 
paz,
cuyo
 estudio
y propuestas 
han 
ido 
avanzando 
en 
diferentes
 sentidos 
y 
de 
manera 
favorable,
el 
tema 
está 
presente 
en 
diferentes 
Organismos
 Internacionales
 como
 la
 ONU,
 la
 UNESCO,
 la
 OCDE,
 El
 Banco
 Mundial,
 entre
 otros.
 Pero
 falta 
mucho 
por 
hacer.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic