La motivación y el rendimiento académico en la Educación Primaria

En este trabajo de final de grado se presenta una revisión teórica que estudia el concepto de motivación y lo que envuelve a esta, abordando aspectos como los tipos de motivación existentes, los factores que influyen en esta y algunas de las teorías que han surgido alrededor de dicho concepto a lo largo de la historia. Todo ello, con el fin de buscar la relación estrecha que se da entre la motivación y el rendimiento escolar/académico. De esta manera, se centrará en estudiar cuál es el peso que tiene el factor motivacional en los resultados que el alumnado presenta, analizando a su vez tanto el rendimiento escolar/académico como los factores de los que este depende, con el objetivo de entender en qué medida el profesorado puede actuar para formar parte en el proceso de motivación de los/as estudiantes y así lograr que se muestren motivados durante el aprendizaje e incrementar su motivación intrínseca para asegurar su éxito académico y evitar fenómenos como el fracaso escolar.This final project presents a theoretical revision which studies the concept of motivation and its environment, paying attention to some of its characteristics such as its different types, the main factors that play a role on it and the variety of theories that have analyzed this concept during history. With this project we pretend to find the close relationship between motivation and the student performance at school or university. By this way, we will focus on the role that motivation plays on the student performance, analyzing not only the student performance itself but also the factors that affect it, with the aim to understand in which way teachers can take part in the students’ motivation so they can stay motivated during the learning process and increase the intrinsic motivation of them in order to achieve the academic success and avoid school failure

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Recovery of dialysis patients with COVID-19 : health outcomes 3 months after diagnosis in ERACODA

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related short-term mortality is high in dialysis patients, but longer-term outcomes are largely unknown. We therefore assessed patient recovery in a large cohort of dialysis patients 3 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods. We analyzed data on dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA). The outcomes studied were patient survival, residence and functional and mental health status (estimated by their treating physician) 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Complete follow-up data were available for 854 surviving patients. Patient characteristics associated with recovery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results. In 2449 hemodialysis patients (mean ± SD age 67.5 ± 14.4 years, 62% male), survival probabilities at 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis were 90% for nonhospitalized patients (n = 1087), 73% for patients admitted to the hospital but not to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1165) and 40% for those admitted to an ICU (n = 197). Patient survival hardly decreased between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. At 3 months, 87% functioned at their pre-existent functional and 94% at their pre-existent mental level. Only few of the surviving patients were still admitted to the hospital (0.8-6.3%) or a nursing home (∼5%). A higher age and frailty score at presentation and ICU admission were associated with worse functional outcome. Conclusions. Mortality between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis was low and the majority of patients who survived COVID-19 recovered to their pre-existent functional and mental health level at 3 months after diagnosis

Geolocation with respect to persona privacy for the Allergy Diary app - a MASK study

Background: Collecting data on the localization of users is a key issue for the MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel network: the Allergy Diary) App. Data anonymization is a method of sanitization for privacy. The European Commission's Article 29 Working Party stated that geolocation information is personal data. To assess geolocation using the MASK method and to compare two anonymization methods in the MASK database to find an optimal privacy method. Methods: Geolocation was studied for all people who used the Allergy Diary App from December 2015 to November 2017 and who reported medical outcomes. Two different anonymization methods have been evaluated: Noise addition (randomization) and k-anonymity (generalization). Results: Ninety-three thousand one hundred and sixteen days of VAS were collected from 8535 users and 54,500 (58. 5%) were geolocalized, corresponding to 5428 users. Noise addition was found to be less accurate than k-anonymity using MASK data to protect the users' life privacy. Discussion: k-anonymity is an acceptable method for the anonymization of MASK data and results can be used for other databases.Peer reviewe

Informe ampliado: efectos socioeconómicos y culturales de la pandemia COVID-19 y del aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio en los Pueblos Indígenas en Argentina -Segunda etapa, junio 2020-

A partir de la pandemia generada por el COVID-19, con el consiguiente Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO) dispuesto a partir del 20/03/2020 y demás acciones implementadas desde el Estado nacional argentino, un conjunto de equipos, instituciones, investigadores, becaries y tesistas de diferentes ámbitos del país, nos agrupamos con el objetivo de elaborar un informe acerca de las consecuencias e impactos socioeconómicos y culturales que atraviesan los pueblos indígenas con los que trabajamos en las regiones Metropolitana, Pampeana, Noroeste, Noreste, Cuyo y Patagonia. En una primera instancia, más de 30 autores, participaron en la elaboración de un informe (1er etapa) presentado el 15 de abril de 20201 . En esta segunda etapa, con más de 100 integrantes de diferentes ámbitos académicos del país, se amplió lo abordado a partir de la actualización y profundización de las problemáticas y situaciones que experimentan un conjunto de diversas comunidades y pueblos originarios –qom, mbya, moqoit, mapuche, guaraní, tupí guaraní, avá guaraní, kolla, diaguita, diaguita-calchaquí, wichí, huarpe, quechua, aymara, nivaclé, tonokote, omaguaca, tastil, günün a küna, comechingón, comechingón-camiare, ocloya, iogys, chané, tapiete, chorote, chulupi, sanavirón, ranquel, wehnayek, atacama, lule, quilmes, mapuche-pehuenches, tehuelches, mapuche-tehuelches, selk‘nam, haush y selk‘nam-haush-.Valdata, Marcela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios Aplicados a Problemáticas Socioculturales. Rosario; Argentin

Sex differences in COVID-19 mortality risk in patients on kidney function replacement therapy

In the general population with COVID-19, the male sex is an established risk factor for mortality, in part due to a more robust immune response to COVID-19 in women. Because patients on kidney function replacement therapy (KFRT) have an impaired immune response, especially kidney transplant recipients due to their use of immunosuppressants, we examined whether the male sex is still a risk factor for mortality among patients on KFRT with COVID-19. From the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA), we examined patients on KFRT with COVID-19 who presented between February 1st, 2020, and April 30th, 2021. 1204 kidney transplant recipients (male 62.0%, mean age 56.4 years) and 3206 dialysis patients (male 61.8%, mean age 67.7 years) were examined. Three-month mortality in kidney transplant recipients was 16.9% in males and 18.6% in females (p = 0.31) and in dialysis patients 27.1% in males and 21.9% in females (p = 0.001). The adjusted HR for the risk of 3-month mortality in males (vs females) was 0.89 (95% CI 65, 1.23, p = 0.49) in kidney transplant recipients and 1.33 (95% CI 1.13, 1.56, p = 0.001) in dialysis patients (p = 0.02). In a fully adjusted model, the aHR for the risk of 3-month mortality in kidney transplant recipients (vs. dialysis patients) was 1.39 (95% CI 1.02, 1.89, p = 0.04) in males and 2.04 (95% CI 1.40, 2.97, p < 0.001) in females (p = 0.02). In patients on KFRT with COVID-19, the male sex is not a risk factor for mortality among kidney transplant recipients but remains a risk factor among dialysis patients. The use of immunosuppressants in kidney transplant recipients, among other factors, may have narrowed the difference in the immune response to COVID-19 between men and women, and therefore reduced the sex difference in COVID-19 mortality risk

Recovery of dialysis patients with COVID-19: health outcomes 3 months after diagnosis in ERACODA

© The Author(s) 2022.Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related short-term mortality is high in dialysis patients, but longer-term outcomes are largely unknown. We therefore assessed patient recovery in a large cohort of dialysis patients 3 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods. We analyzed data on dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA). The outcomes studied were patient survival, residence and functional and mental health status (estimated by their treating physician) 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Complete follow-up data were available for 854 surviving patients. Patient characteristics associated with recovery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results. In 2449 hemodialysis patients (mean ± SD age 67.5 ± 14.4 years, 62% male), survival probabilities at 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis were 90% for nonhospitalized patients (n = 1087), 73% for patients admitted to the hospital but not to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1165) and 40% for those admitted to an ICU (n = 197). Patient survival hardly decreased between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. At 3 months, 87% functioned at their pre-existent functional and 94% at their pre-existent mental level. Only few of the surviving patients were still admitted to the hospital (0.8–6.3%) or a nursing home (∼5%). A higher age and frailty score at presentation and ICU admission were associated with worse functional outcome. Conclusions. Mortality between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis was low and the majority of patients who survived COVID-19 recovered to their pre-existent functional and mental health level at 3 months after diagnosis