O papel da advocacia na aplicabilidade de métodos adequados/alternativos (extra)judiciais para a solução de conflitos de interesses

A resolução de um conflito, por intermédio do Poder Judiciário, predominantemente, é morosa, exaurida e insuficiente para as partes envolvidas no litígio. Tal fato ocorre, sobretudo, em virtude da demanda exorbitante do Sistema Judiciário. Considerando tais perspectivas, os profissionais do direito constantemente estão empenhados na busca por novos meios de resolução de conflitos de interesses, sendo que e a mediação e a conciliação são consideradas promissoras alternativas à via comumente escolhida para os litígios, a saber, judicial. Deste modo, este estudo tem por objetivo geralanalisaraviabilidadedosinstitutosdaconciliaçãoedamediaçãocomoinstrumentos de acesso à resolução adequada dos conflitos de interesses, frente ao inconformismo e ao descrédito social relativo ao atual sistema judiciário brasileiro. Optou-se por uma abordagem de cunho qualitativo, onde optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica onde foram consultadas publicações, dissertações, teses e principalmente as Legislações vigentes que abordam a temática adotada para esta pesquisa. Após a análise bibliográfica pode-se concluir que a mediação e a conciliação trouxeram de forma engenhosa e ordenada, um meio alternativo para solução de litígios

The effects of a full-scale anaerobic side-stream reactor on sludge decay and biomass activity.

Abstract A full-scale anaerobic side-stream reactor (ASSR) for sludge reduction was monitored in terms of sludge production and compared with the previous conventional activated sludge configuration (CAS). A detailed solid mass balance was calculated on the whole full-scale plant to estimate the sludge reduction associated with the ASSR. The activity of the biomass, which undergoes alternation of aerobic and anaerobic conditions, was investigated by the respirometric test. The ASSR promoted a reduction of heterotrophic biomass activity and the substrate consumption rate in the activated sludge implemented with ASSR (AS + ASSR) was 36% smaller than in the CAS period. The solid mass balance indicated a sludge reduction of 28%. During the 270-day operation, the observed sludge yield passed from 0.438 kgTSS/kgCOD in the CAS to 0.315 in the AS + ASSR configuration. The solubilization of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N and orthophosphate were verified under anaerobic conditions. The results suggest that the possible mechanisms of sludge reduction were the increase of the system sludge retention time (SRT) by ASSR addition, and the reduction in heterotrophic biomass activity added to the organic compounds' hydrolysis

Overview of the tuning template for radiography in Europe

HENRE II (Higher Education Network for Radiography in Europe)The following is an overview of the Tuning Template for Radiography Education in Europe developed by subgroup 1 of the HENRE II Thematic Network. In this context, a template provides a description of a subject area (in this case radiography) as a guide for subject specialists to develop their own programme of study and for others to identify the scope of the subject area. Tuning Educational Structures in Europe (Tuning), an EU funded Socrates Life Long Learning project, developed a methodology to design and to deliver degree programmes using a learning outcomes and competence framework approach linked to ECTS credits based on student workload. The Tuning methodology consists of 5 lines: Line 1. Generic Competences; Line 2. Subject Specific competences; Line 3. The role of ECTS as a credit transfer and accumulation system; Line 4. Approaches to learning, teaching and assessment; Line 5. The role of quality enhancement in the educational process. The Tuning Template for radiography, which deals with the Lines 1 to 4 inclusive, therefore provides particular reference points which allow for flexibility and autonomy in curriculum design and construction providing a common language and thus understanding to permit points of convergence in radiography programme development. Programmes of study therefore should become comparable, compatible and transparent. Across Europe. The Higher Education Network for Radiography in Europe (HENRE) has been instrumental in developing this template for the development of radiography degree courses thus making considerable strides in relation to the Bologna process. The Bologna process aims to create a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by 2010 making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe to enable students choice from a wide range of quality courses. It is named after the University of Bologna, when in 1999, the Bologna declaration was signed by Ministers of Education from 29 European countries

L-arginine abolishes the hypothalamic serotonergic activation induced by central interleukin-1 beta administration to normal rats

IL-1 beta-induced anorexia may depend on interactions of the cytokine with neuropeptides and neurotransmitters of the central nervous system control of energy balance and serotonin is likely to be one catabolic mediator targeted by IL-1 beta. in the complex interplay involved in feeding modulation, nitric oxide has been ascribed a stimulatory action, which could be of significance in counteracting IL-1 beta effects.The present study aims to explore the participation of the nitric oxide and the serotonin systems on the central mechanisms induced by IL-1 beta and the relevance of their putative interactions to IL-1 beta hypophagia in normal rats. Serotonin levels were determined in microdialysates of the ventromedial hypothalamus after a single intracerebroventricular injection of 10 ng of IL-1 beta, with or without the pre-injection of 20 mu g of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine. IL-1 beta significantly stimulated hypothalamic serotonin extracellular levels, with a peak variation of 130 +/-37% above baseline. IL-1 beta also reduced the 4-h and the 24-h food intakes (by 23% and 58%, respectively). the IL-1 beta-induced serotonergic activation was abolished by the pre-injection of L-arginine while the hypophagic effect was unaffected.The data showed that one central effect of IL-1 beta is serotonergic stimulation in the ventromedial hypothalamus, an action inhibited by nitric oxide activity. It is suggested that, although serotonin participates in IL-1 beta anorexia, other mechanisms recruited by IL-1 beta in normal rats are able to override the absence of the serotonergic hypophagic influence.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, BR-04023060 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Appl Stat, BR-04023060 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, BR-04023060 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Appl Stat, BR-04023060 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

How are "teaching the teachers" courses in evidence based medicine evaluated? A systematic review

Background Teaching of evidence-based medicine (EBM) has become widespread in medical education. Teaching the teachers (TTT) courses address the increased teaching demand and the need to improve effectiveness of EBM teaching. We conducted a systematic review of assessment tools for EBM TTT courses. To summarise and appraise existing assessment methods for teaching the teachers courses in EBM by a systematic review. Methods We searched PubMed, BioMed, EmBase, Cochrane and Eric databases without language restrictions and included articles that assessed its participants. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Results Of 1230 potentially relevant studies, five papers met the selection criteria. There were no specific assessment tools for evaluating effectiveness of EBM TTT courses. Some of the material available might be useful in initiating the development of such an assessment tool. Conclusion There is a need for the development of educationally sound assessment tools for teaching the teachers courses in EBM, without which it would be impossible to ascertain if such courses have the desired effect

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Association of ERBB2 gene status with histopathological parameters and disease-specific survival in gastric carcinoma patients

The clinical significance of ERBB2 amplification/overexpression in gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the ERBB2 status in 463 gastric carcinomas using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), and compared the findings with histopathological characteristics and with disease-specific survival. ERBB2 overexpression (2+ and 3+) and amplification (ratio ERBB2/CEP17⩾2) were found in 43 (9.3%) and 38 (8.2%) gastric carcinomas, respectively. Perfect IHC/FISH correlation was found for the 19 cases scored as 0 (all negative by FISH), and also for the 25 cases scored as 3+ (all positive by FISH). One out of six carcinomas scored as 1+ and 12 out of 18 carcinomas scored as 2+ were positive by FISH. ERBB2 amplification was associated with gastric carcinomas of intestinal type (P=0.007) and with an expansive growth pattern (P=0.021). ERBB2 amplification was detected in both histological components of two mixed carcinomas, indicating a common clonal origin. A statistically significant association was found between ERBB2 amplification and worse survival in patients with expansive gastric carcinomas (P=0.011). We conclude that ERBB2 status may have clinical significance in subsets of gastric cancer patients, and that further studies are warranted to evaluate whether patients whose gastric carcinomas present ERBB2 amplification/overexpression may benefit from therapy targeting this surface receptor

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis