Uma avaliação do índice inclusão financeira nos estados do nordeste brasileiro

This study aims to analyze the degree of financial inclusion of the states in northeastern Brazil, in 2000, 2005 and 2010, the index for financial inclusion (IIF) calculated by the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB), the financial inclusion report (RIF II). From the data presented, it was verified that all state experienced increases in the degree of financial inclusion for the moment under consideration. From the correlation analysis between the IIF and development indicators FIRJAN in its three dimensions (Employment & Income, Education and Health), used here as a proxy indicator of well-being. The results found for the latter point was that there is a strong correlation between these indices, raising the hypothesis that financial inclusion experienced by the northeastern states may have contributed to the economic development of the region and therefore of its population.O presente trabalho visa analisar o grau de inclusão financeira dos estados do nordeste brasileiro, em 2000, 2005 e 2010, a partir do índice de inclusão financeira (IIF) calculado pelo Banco Central do Brasil (BCB), no relatório de inclusão financeira (RIF II). Dos dados apresentados, verificou-se que todos os estado experimentaram incrementos no grau de inclusão financeira para o momento em exame. Também foi realizada análise de correlação entre o IIF e indicadores de desenvolvimento da FIRJAN em suas três dimensões (Emprego & Renda, Educação e Saúde), utilizado aqui como uma proxy de indicadores de bem-estar. O resultado encontrado para este último ponto foi o de que há forte correlação entre esses índices, levantando a hipótese de que a inclusão financeira experimentada pelos estados nordestinos pode ter contribuído para desenvolvimento econômico da região e, consequentemente, de sua população

The Linkage between Input and Output in the Innovation Ecosystem

An innovation ecosystem is characterized by numerous interactions between its various components The proper functioning of an innovation ecosystem is a necessary condition to increase the chances of successful innovative activities This research aims to investigate the relationship between input and output in the innovation ecosystem of countries For the empirical evaluation the Global Innovation Index GII was used as a proxy of the innovation ecosystem This index tracks innovation inputs and innovation products in various countries Using annual country data an unconditional quantile regression model was estimated to identify the structural relationship between innovation input and output including with lag application Our findings show that innovation input has a significant and positive effect on innovation output in countries These findings are useful for national innovation policies since they emphasize the need to promote better innovation incentive

ANÁLISE DO GRAU DE INOVAÇÃO DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS SERGIPANAS SOB O PRISMA DO PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO E DA TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO

O bom desempenho das empresas é obtido por meio de uma gestão inovadora e eficiente. A realização do Planejamento Estratégico (PE) e a utilização da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) podem colaborar decisivamente para um maior grau de desenvolvimento das empresas, já que são ferramentas que favorecem a gestão do negócio. O objetivo desta investigação é verificar se as MPEs da cadeia produtiva da Tecnologia da Informação do Estado de Sergipe que executam o PE conseguem ter uma avaliação melhor nas notas do Radar Inovação, e, consequentemente, obter uma nota de avaliação superior à observada para as MPEs que não desenvolvem planejamento estratégico. O presente trabalho utilizou como recurso metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica e de levantamento. Foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas: Média Aritmética Simples e o Desvio Padrão. Com base nos resultado é possível identificar uma média superior na nota de grau de inovação obtida pelas MPEs que realizam o PE

Applying genomic approaches to delineate conservation strategies using the freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera in the Iberian Peninsula as a model

Effective conservation actions to counteract the current decline of populations and species require a deep knowledge on their genetic structure. We used Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to infer the population structure of the highly threatened freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera in the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 130 individuals were collected from 26 locations belonging to 16 basins. We obtained 31,692 SNPs through Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) and used this dataset to infer population structure. Genetic diversity given as observed heterozygosity was low. Pairwise FST comparisons revealed low levels of genetic differentiation among geographically close populations. Up to 3 major genetic lineages were determined: Atlantic, Cantabrian and Douro. This structure suggests a close co-evolutionary process with brown trout (Salmo trutta), the primordial fish host of this mussel in the studied area. Some sub-basins showed some genetic structuring, whereas in others no intrapopulation differentiation was found. Our results confirm that genetic conservation units do not match individual basins, and that knowledge about the genetic structure is necessary before planning recovery plans that may involve relocation or restocking. The same reasoning should be applied to strictly freshwater species that are sessile or have restricted dispersal abilities and are currently imperiled worldwide.This work was supported by national funds of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the project MUSSELFLOW (contract PTDC/BIA- EVL/29199/2017) and under the strategic project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET; and the grant awarded to C.S. Lima (MARE-ISPA/BI/004/2015).Peer reviewe

Saco de plástico dual

DepositadaA presente invenção se refere a um saco de plástico com dois compartimentos. Mais especificamente, se refere a um saco de plástico primeiramente intencionado para jogar lixo reciclável de dois tipos, por exemplo, um compartimento para pel/papelão/embalagens e um compartimento para material orgânico

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016