La précarité économique, politique et institutionnelle de la Polynésie française : menaces et engouements au paradis terrestre

Lorsqu’on vit dans un lieu qui est une nouvelle Cythère, il est difficile de ne pas craindre une brutale sortie du rêve. Vivre si heureux alors que le monde va si mal, est sans doute incongru. Se créer des peurs devient alors, soit une façon de se dédouaner vis-à-vis de ce monde de connaître la félicité, soit une façon de se convaincre que, finalement, l’on mérite ce Paradis. Régulièrement des rumeurs annoncent la fin du paradis terrestre et paradoxalement, il continue à attirer et envoûter. Les mannes qui s’y déversent régulièrement et sans véritable hiatus finissent par rassurer et rendre optimiste. Le paradis terrestre existerait-il donc vraiment ?When you are living in a place which is a new Cythera, it is difficult not to fear a violent awakening. It is probably unseemly to live so happily when the world is in such bad condition. Imagining fears becomes a way to disclaim all responsibility in this world, to discover bliss or a way to convince yourself that in the end, you deserve this Paradise. Rumours regularly foretell the end of the Garden of Eden and paradoxically it keeps on attracting and bewitching. The godsends that pour out steadily and with no real hiatus end up reassuring people and making them optimistic. Could the garden of Eden really exist then 

Crise politique en Polynésie française, mai 2004 – février 2005

La vie politique au sens moderne du terme est née dans les établissements Français d’Océanie (EFO, devenus la Polynésie française en 1957) avec le ralliement de la colonie à la France libre (2 septembre 1940). Des constantes se dégagent de l’histoire de ces soixante-cinq dernières annéesL’immixtion du gouvernement central dans la vie politique et la versatilité des élusEn devenant un Territoire d’Outre-Mer (TOM) en 1946, le Territoire devait s’inscrire dans la perspective dressée par le préam..

The ATLAS3D project - XXIX : The new look of early-type galaxies and surrounding fields disclosed by extremely deep optical images

Date of Acceptance: 25/09/2014Galactic archaeology based on star counts is instrumental to reconstruct the past mass assembly of Local Group galaxies. The development of new observing techniques and data reduction, coupled with the use of sensitive large field of view cameras, now allows us to pursue this technique in more distant galaxies exploiting their diffuse low surface brightness (LSB) light. As part of the ATLAS3D project, we have obtained with the MegaCam camera at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope extremely deep, multiband images of nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs). We present here a catalogue of 92 galaxies from the ATLAS3D sample, which are located in low- to medium-density environments. The observing strategy and data reduction pipeline, which achieve a gain of several magnitudes in the limiting surface brightness with respect to classical imaging surveys, are presented. The size and depth of the survey are compared to other recent deep imaging projects. The paper highlights the capability of LSB-optimized surveys at detecting new prominent structures that change the apparent morphology of galaxies. The intrinsic limitations of deep imaging observations are also discussed, among those, the contamination of the stellar haloes of galaxies by extended ghost reflections, and the cirrus emission from Galactic dust. The detection and systematic census of fine structures that trace the present and past mass assembly of ETGs are one of the prime goals of the project. We provide specific examples of each type of observed structures - tidal tails, stellar streams and shells - and explain how they were identified and classified. We give an overview of the initial results. The detailed statistical analysis will be presented in future papers.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world.Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overvie

Meta-analysis of SHANK Mutations in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Gradient of Severity in Cognitive Impairments.

International audienceSHANK genes code for scaffold proteins located at the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses. In neurons, SHANK2 and SHANK3 have a positive effect on the induction and maturation of dendritic spines, whereas SHANK1 induces the enlargement of spine heads. Mutations in SHANK genes have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but their prevalence and clinical relevance remain to be determined. Here, we performed a new screen and a meta-analysis of SHANK copy-number and coding-sequence variants in ASD. Copy-number variants were analyzed in 5,657 patients and 19,163 controls, coding-sequence variants were ascertained in 760 to 2,147 patients and 492 to 1,090 controls (depending on the gene), and, individuals carrying de novo or truncating SHANK mutations underwent an extensive clinical investigation. Copy-number variants and truncating mutations in SHANK genes were present in ∼1% of patients with ASD: mutations in SHANK1 were rare (0.04%) and present in males with normal IQ and autism; mutations in SHANK2 were present in 0.17% of patients with ASD and mild intellectual disability; mutations in SHANK3 were present in 0.69% of patients with ASD and up to 2.12% of the cases with moderate to profound intellectual disability. In summary, mutations of the SHANK genes were detected in the whole spectrum of autism with a gradient of severity in cognitive impairment. Given the rare frequency of SHANK1 and SHANK2 deleterious mutations, the clinical relevance of these genes remains to be ascertained. In contrast, the frequency and the penetrance of SHANK3 mutations in individuals with ASD and intellectual disability-more than 1 in 50-warrant its consideration for mutation screening in clinical practice

Jacques Lafleur, 2000, L'assiégé, une histoire partagée avec la Nouvelle-Calédonie

Regnault Jean-Marc. Jacques Lafleur, 2000, L'assiégé, une histoire partagée avec la Nouvelle-Calédonie. In: Journal de la Société des océanistes, 111, 2000-2. pp. 250-253

Angleviel Frédéric (dir.), Histoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Approches croisées.

Regnault Jean-Marc. Angleviel Frédéric (dir.), Histoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Approches croisées. . In: Outre-mers, tome 94, n°356-357, 2e semestre 2007. La colonisation culturelle dans l'Empire français, sous la direction de Sophie Dulucq et Colette Zytnicki. pp. 406-408

Salaùn Marie, L'école indigène, Nouvelle-Calédonie, 1885-1945

Regnault Jean-Marc. Salaùn Marie, L'école indigène, Nouvelle-Calédonie, 1885-1945. In: Outre-mers, tome 93, n°352-353, 2e semestre 2006. savoirs autochtones XIXe-XXe siècles, sous la direction de Sophie Dulucq et Colette Zytnicki. pp. 393-394