Stability-indicating liquid chromatographic and UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of ciprofibrate in capsules and tablets

This study describes the development and evaluation of stability-indicating liquid chromatographic (LC) and UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of ciprofibrate (CPF) in tablets and capsules. Isocratic LC separation was achieved on a RP18 column using a mobile phase of o-phosphoric acid (0.1% v/v), adjusted to pH 3.0 with triethylamine (10% v/v) and acetonitrile (35:65 v/v), with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. Detection was achieved with a photodiode array detector at 233 nm. For the spectrophotometric analysis, ethanol and water were used as the solvent and a wavelength of 233 nm was selected for the detection. The methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for validating analytical procedures. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the results obtained by the two methods. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the CPF quality-control analysis of tablets and capsules.Este estudo descreve o desenvolvimento e avaliação de método indicativo da estabilidade por cromatografia líquida (LC) e método por espectrofotometria UV para quantificação de ciprofibrato (CPF) em comprimidos e cápsulas. No método por cromatografia líquida as análises foram realizadas isocraticamente em coluna de fase reversa C18, utilizando fase móvel composta por ácido o-fosfórico (0.1% v/v) pH 3.0, ajustado com trietilamina (10% v/v), e acetonitrila (35:65 v/v), com fluxo de 1,0 mL min-1. A detecção foi realizada em detector de arranjo de diodos a 233 nm. Na análise espectrofotométrica, etanol e água foram utilizados como solventes e o comprimento de onda de 233 nm foi selecionado para a detecção do fármaco. Os métodos foram validados de acordo com as diretrizes do International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). A análise estatística não mostrou diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos pelos dois métodos. Os métodos foram aplicados com sucesso para análises de controle de qualidade do ciprofibrato em comprimidos e cápsulas

Uma proposta de instrumento de pesquisa para a avaliação do desempenho do Escritório de Gerenciamentos de Projetos

It is intrinsic to human nature measure to know something, this being an objective direct or indirect process of generation of information and absorption of knowledge. Given the gap in the discipline of Project Management in relation to the availability of validated survey instruments, the purpose of this paper is to present the development stages of an instrument for quantitative research in this area of knowledge. The statements were validated by Brazilians and International experts. This can be used to collect primary data in another study, in order to evaluate a conceptual model that is designed to measure the performance of the Project Management Office.É intrínseco a natureza humana medir para conhecer, sendo este um objetivo direto ou indireto do processo de geração de informação e absorção de conhecimento. Diante da lacuna existente na disciplina do Gerenciamento de Projetos em relação à disponibilização de instrumentos de pesquisa validados, o propósito deste artigo é apresentar as etapas de elaboração de um instrumento para a pesquisa quantitativa nesta área de conhecimento. As afirmações foram validadas por especialistas nacionais e internacionais. Este poderá ser utilizado para a coleta de dados em outro estudo, com o objetivo de avaliar um modelo conceitual que se destina a medir o desempenho do Escritório de Gerenciamento de Projetos

Silicon application for the production and quality of raspberry fruit in a subtropical region

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do silício (Si) sobre o cultivo e a qualidade de framboesa (Rubus idaeus). O experimento consistiu de sete tratamentos e quatro blocos em região de clima subtropical. Cada parcela foi composta de três vasos com uma muda da framboeseira 'Batum'. Em cada vaso, o tratamento consistiu de doses de Si a 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 ou 1600 mg dm-3, que foram aplicadas ao solo 15 dias após o transplante das mudas. As análises de campo foram realizadas pela medição de clorofilas a e b, potencial hídrico e produção. Os frutos foram analisados quanto à cor, firmeza, taxa respiratória, sólidos solúveis e pH. A adubação com Si estimula o aumento do número de frutos e da produção de framboesa por planta. O silício promove o aumento da produção e a firmeza dos frutos, no entanto, reduz o potencial hídrico e a taxa de respiração.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) on the cultivation and quality of raspberries (Rubus idaeus). The experiment consisted of seven treatments and four blocks located in a subtropical region. Each plot consisted of three pots with one seedling of 'Batum' raspberry. In each pot, the treatment consisted of Si doses at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg dm-3, which were applied to the soil 15 days after the transplanting of the seedlings. Field analyses were performed by measuring chlorophyll a and b, water potential, and production. Fruit were analyzed for color, firmness, respiratory rate, soluble solids, and pH. Fertilization with Si stimulates the increase of fruit number and of the raspberry production per plant. The Si application increases the fruit production and fruit firmness; however, it reduces the water potential and respiration rate

Silicon application for the production and quality of raspberry fruit in a subtropical region

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) on the cultivation and quality of raspberries (Rubus idaeus). The experiment consisted of seven treatments and four blocks located in a subtropical region. Each plot consisted of three pots with one seedling of 'Batum' raspberry. In each pot, the treatment consisted of Si doses at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg dm-3, which were applied to the soil 15 days after the transplanting of the seedlings. Field analyses were performed by measuring chlorophyll a and b, water potential, and production. Fruit were analyzed for color, firmness, respiratory rate, soluble solids, and pH. Fertilization with Si stimulates the increase of fruit number and of the raspberry production per plant. The Si application increases the fruit production and fruit firmness; however, it reduces the water potential and respiration rate

TRANSTORNO DE PERSONALIDADE ANTISSOCIAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA ACERCA DOS FATORES GENÉTICOS E AMBIENTAIS DO DIAGNÓSTICO

Antisocial Personality Disorder is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights of others, impulsive behaviors, lack of empathy and remorse, and tendencies toward manipulation and deception. Understanding Antisocial Personality Disorder involves careful analysis of a wide range of factors, including genetic and environmental factors, which play a key role in its development and diagnosis. This article consists of an integrative review, which aims to discuss the genetic and environmental factors that influence the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, through considerations about the pathology and the intersection between them, with the aim of expanding society's knowledge , of students and professionals in the field on the topic in question. This is an integrative review, in which basic, qualitative, exploratory and bibliographical research was carried out in the databases. Genetic factors play a key role in the development of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Scientific studies have shown that genetic predisposition is one of the key components for understanding this complex disorder. Environmental factors play an extremely important role in the development of Antisocial Personality Disorder. They constitute external influences that shape the way individuals with the disorder interact with the environment that surrounds them and influence the manifestation of their behaviors. In short, it is possible to conclude that the intersection between genetic and environmental factors is essential to understanding Antisocial Personality Disorder.O Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial é uma condição psiquiátrica complexa caracterizada por padrões persistentes de desrespeito pelos direitos dos outros, comportamentos impulsivos, falta de empatia e remorso, além de tendências para a manipulação e a enganação. A compreensão do Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial envolve a análise cuidadosa de uma ampla gama de fatores, incluindo fatores genéticos e ambientais, que desempenham um papel fundamental no seu desenvolvimento e diagnóstico. O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão integrativa, no qual tem como objetivos discorrer acerca dos fatores genéticos e ambientais que influenciam no diagnóstico do transtorno de personalidade antissocial, mediante considerações acerca da patologia e da interseção entre eles, no intuito de ampliar os conhecimentos da sociedade, de estudantes e profissionais da área acerca do tema em questão. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, na qual foi realizada uma pesquisa dos tipos básica, qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica, nas bases de dados. Os fatores genéticos desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial. Estudos científicos têm apontado que a predisposição genética é um dos componentes-chave para a compreensão desse transtorno complexo. Os fatores ambientais exercem um papel de extrema importância no desenvolvimento do Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial. Eles constituem influências externas que moldam a maneira como os indivíduos com o transtorno interagem com o ambiente que os cerca e influenciam a manifestação de seus comportamentos. Em suma, é possível concluir que a interseção entre fatores genéticos e ambientais é essencial para compreender o Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI