762 research outputs found
GeoCLEF 2006: the CLEF 2006 Ccross-language geographic information retrieval track overview
After being a pilot track in 2005, GeoCLEF advanced to be a regular track within CLEF 2006. The
purpose of GeoCLEF is to test and evaluate cross-language geographic information retrieval (GIR): retrieval for
topics with a geographic specification. For GeoCLEF 2006, twenty-five search topics were defined by the
organizing groups for searching English, German, Portuguese and Spanish document collections. Topics were
translated into English, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Japanese. Several topics in 2006 were significantly
more geographically challenging than in 2005. Seventeen groups submitted 149 runs (up from eleven groups and
117 runs in GeoCLEF 2005). The groups used a variety of approaches, including geographic bounding boxes,
named entity extraction and external knowledge bases (geographic thesauri and ontologies and gazetteers)
Impacto de la atención ambulatoria del primer nivel de atención en la hospitalización de población asegurada con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
ObjetivoDeterminar el impacto de atención ambulatoria del primer nivel de atención en la hospitalización del diabético tipo 2 en una población con condiciones iguales de aseguramiento.DiseñoEstudio de casos y controles. Los casos son pacientes diabéticos hospitalizados por enfermedad relacionada con el padecimiento, y los controles son pacientes diabéticos sin antecedente de hospitalización en el último año.EmplazamientoCentros de atención primaria urbanos.ParticipantesLos casos fueron seleccionados consecutivamente en 4 de 5 hospitales generales urbanos (n=123). Los controles fueron elegidos al azar en la unidad de atención primaria de donde provenía el caso (n=135). Se excluyó a las mujeres con diabetes gestacional y a todos los que no contaban con expediente localizable (aproximadamente un 15%).MedicionesSe construyó un índice de atención primaria según las recomendaciones de la Asociación de Médicos Norteamericanos, la Comisión Conjunta de Acreditación de Organizaciones de Salud, el Comité Nacional de Aseguramiento para la Calidad, la Asociación Norteamericana de Diabetes y la Norma Oficial Mexicana. Se consideró que un cumplimiento menor al 60% correspondía a una atención subóptima.ResultadosLos factores de riesgo para la hospitalización fueron los siguientes: menos de 2 vistas al médico de familia en el último año (OR ajustada, 16,2; IC del 95%, 1,5–174,2), valor de glucosa (OR ajustada, 1,006; IC del 95%, 1,002–1,010) y nivel de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad (OR ajustada, 0,98; IC del 95%, 0,96–0,99), además de la práctica de ejercicio y el tiempo de diagnóstico. La atención primaria subóptima se registró en el 65,3% de los casos y el 49,1% de los controles (p=0,03) e incrementó 2,5 veces el riesgo de hospitalización (IC del 95%, 1,2–5,0; seudo R2=0,279; p < 0,001).ConclusionesLa evidencia disponible indica que la atención primaria puede ser un factor potencial para reducir la tasa de hospitalización por diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Los programas de manejo efectivos contribuirían a evitar hospitalizaciones innecesarias.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of primary care on hospitalization of type 2 diabetics with equal conditions of health insurance.DesignA case-control study. Case=diabetic hospitalized by a disease related condition. Control=diabetic without hospitalization during the last 12 months.SettingUrban primary care centers.ParticipantsCases were consecutively selected from four out of five urban hospitals (n=123). Controls were chosen at random from primary care units matched by primary care source (n=135).Women with gestational diabetes were excluded as well as individuals with missing medical charts (approximately 15%).MeasurementsA primary care index was constructed with process and outcome indicators recommended by the American Medical Association, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, the National Committee for Quality Assurance, the American Diabetes Association and the Official Mexican Standards. Compliance to less than 60% of recommendations was considered unsatisfactory primary care.ResultsThe following were hospitalization risk factors: less than 2 visits to family physician during the last year (OR adjusted, 16,2; 95% CI, 1,5–174,2), glucose level (OR adjusted, 1,006; 95% CI, 1,002–1,010) and cognitive level (OR adjusted, 0,98; 95% CI, 0,96–0,99), in addition to exercising and year of diagnosis. Sixty-five percent of cases observed unsatisfactory primary care compared with 49,1% of controls (P=0,03). Unsatisfactory primary care increased 2,5 times the risk of hospitalization (95% CI, 1,2–5,0) (pseudo R2=0,279; P<0,001).ConclusionsPrimary care is a potential factor for reducing hospitalization of type 2 diabetics. Effective primary care programs would contribute to a better disease control and less unnecessary hospitalizations
Isotopic liftings of Clifford algebras and applications in elementary particle mass matrices
Isotopic liftings of algebraic structures are investigated in the context of
Clifford algebras, where it is defined a new product involving an arbitrary,
but fixed, element of the Clifford algebra. This element acts as the unit with
respect to the introduced product, and is called isounit. We construct
isotopies in both associative and non-associative arbitrary algebras, and
examples of these constructions are exhibited using Clifford algebras, which
although associative, can generate the octonionic, non-associative, algebra.
The whole formalism is developed in a Clifford algebraic arena, giving also the
necessary pre-requisites to introduce isotopies of the exterior algebra. The
flavor hadronic symmetry of the six u,d,s,c,b,t quarks is shown to be exact,
when the generators of the isotopic Lie algebra su(6) are constructed, and the
unit of the isotopic Clifford algebra is shown to be a function of the six
quark masses. The limits constraining the parameters, that are entries of the
representation of the isounit in the isotopic group SU(6), are based on the
most recent limits imposed on quark masses.Comment: 19 page
Potential for macro and micronutrients extraction from tomato plants with different soil water stresses
Different tomato cultivars may present differentiated water needs, making it
indispensable to study water demand. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the
influence of six water stresses in the soil on the extraction potential of macro and micronutrients
in the aerial part of tomato in vegetative stage, cultivar ‘Dominador’ F1, under protected
cultivation and drip. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with a randomized block
design with four replications. The treatments consisted of six soil water stresses as indicative of
the time of irrigation. The preset stresses were 20, 45, 70, 95, 120 and 145 kPa at 20 cm depth.
At 140 days after transplanting, the variables evaluated were: the macro and micronutrient content
of shoots. The results showed that to obtain higher levels of macro (P and S) and micronutrients
(B and Cu) of the total aerial part of the ‘Dominador’ tomato plant F1, it was obtained at a voltage
of 20 kPa, and its value was reduced linearly with the increase of the water tension in the soil
Influência do aquecimento artificial de ovos de matrizes pesadas sobre o rendimento de incubação
Dimensionless cosmology
Although it is well known that any consideration of the variations of
fundamental constants should be restricted to their dimensionless combinations,
the literature on variations of the gravitational constant is entirely
dimensionful. To illustrate applications of this to cosmology, we explicitly
give a dimensionless version of the parameters of the standard cosmological
model, and describe the physics of Big Bang Neucleosynthesis and recombination
in a dimensionless manner. The issue that appears to have been missed in many
studies is that in cosmology the strength of gravity is bound up in the
cosmological equations, and the epoch at which we live is a crucial part of the
model. We argue that it is useful to consider the hypothetical situation of
communicating with another civilization (with entirely different units),
comparing only dimensionless constants, in order to decide if we live in a
Universe governed by precisely the same physical laws. In this thought
experiment, we would also have to compare epochs, which can be defined by
giving the value of any {\it one} of the evolving cosmological parameters. By
setting things up carefully in this way one can avoid inconsistent results when
considering variable constants, caused by effectively fixing more than one
parameter today. We show examples of this effect by considering microwave
background anisotropies, being careful to maintain dimensionlessness
throughout. We present Fisher matrix calculations to estimate how well the fine
structure constants for electromagnetism and gravity can be determined with
future microwave background experiments. We highlight how one can be misled by
simply adding to the usual cosmological parameter set
Ultrasonography of the conceptus development from days 15 to 60 of pregnancy in non-cyclic recipient mares
Immunophenotype of gastric tumors unveils a pleiotropic role of regulatory T cells in tumor development
Simple SummaryThe role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in gastric cancer (GC) is still controversial and poorly understood. GC patients have increased numbers of Tregs in peripheral blood and among tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; however, their prognostic value depends on specific tumor features (e.g., tumor location and/or microsatellite instability status). We found that Tregs might induce membrane expression of IL2R alpha in intestinal-type GC cells, which associates with MAPK signaling pathway activation and spheroid growth. Moreover, Tregs accumulate at early steps of intestinal-type GCs progression, when tumors are starting to grow through the stomach wall, and do not present vascular and perineural invasion. Our findings suggest a novel non-immunosuppressive role of Treg cells in intestinal-type GC, which may unlock novel therapeutic immuno-oncology strategies for intestinal-type GC or other tumors with similar immune context.Gastric cancer (GC) patients display increased regulatory T cell (Tregs) numbers in peripheral blood and among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Nevertheless, the role of Tregs in GC progression remains controversial. Here, we sought to explore the impact of Tregs in GCs with distinct histology, and whether Tregs can directly influence tumor cell behavior and GC development. We performed a comprehensive immunophenotyping of 82 human GC cases, through an integrated analysis of multispectral immunofluorescence detection of T cells markers and patient clinicopathological data. Moreover, we developed 3D in vitro co-cultures with Tregs and tumor cells that were followed by high-throughput and light-sheet imaging, and their biological features studied with conventional/imaging flow cytometry and Western blotting. We showed that Tregs located at the tumor nest were frequent in intestinal-type GCs but did not associate with increased levels of effector T cells. Our in vitro results suggested that Tregs preferentially infiltrated intestinal-type GC spheroids, induced the expression of IL2R alpha and activation of MAPK signaling pathway in tumor cells, and promoted spheroid growth. Accumulation of Tregs in intestinal-type GCs was increased at early stages of the stomach wall invasion and in the absence of vascular and perineural invasion. In this study, we proposed a non-immunosuppressive mechanism through which Tregs might directly modulate GC cells and thereby promote tumor growth. Our findings hold insightful implications for therapeutic strategies targeting intestinal-type GCs and other tumors with similar immune context.MTG4Molecular tumour pathology - and tumour genetic
Anisotropic flow of charged hadrons, pions and (anti-)protons measured at high transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
The elliptic, , triangular, , and quadrangular, , azimuthal
anisotropic flow coefficients are measured for unidentified charged particles,
pions and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Results obtained with the
event plane and four-particle cumulant methods are reported for the
pseudo-rapidity range at different collision centralities and as a
function of transverse momentum, , out to GeV/.
The observed non-zero elliptic and triangular flow depends only weakly on
transverse momentum for GeV/. The small dependence
of the difference between elliptic flow results obtained from the event plane
and four-particle cumulant methods suggests a common origin of flow
fluctuations up to GeV/. The magnitude of the (anti-)proton
elliptic and triangular flow is larger than that of pions out to at least
GeV/ indicating that the particle type dependence persists out
to high .Comment: 16 pages, 5 captioned figures, authors from page 11, published
version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/186
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