Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: from simple steatosis towards liver cirrhosis and potential complications. Proceedings of the Third Translational Hepatology Meeting, endorsed by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH)

This is a meeting report of the 3rd Translational Hepatology Meeting held in Alicante, Spain, in October 2021. The meeting, which was organized by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH), provided an update on the recent advances in the field of basic and translational hepatology, with a particular focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms and therapeutic targets involved in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis and end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).S

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, Région Île-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼ 3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼ 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼ 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey  ∼ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366−959\,nm at R∼5000, or two shorter ranges at R∼20000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z>2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator

Utilidad del seguimiento de los hemocultivos realizados en urgencias pediátricas durante 15 meses

Aims: This study aims to analyse the results of blood cultures ordered in a paediatric Emergency Department (ED) as well as their clinical impacts so as to try to improve this test’s performance. Material and methods:Retrospective study on blood cultures ordered in a paediatric ED from February 2012 to Abril 2013, both included. When a microorganism was found, the Microbiology Laboratory informed the ED about the isolate immediately. Subsequently, patients underwent follow-up to have their clinical situation assessed. Case notes of patients with positive blood cultures were analysed. Following this, two groups were built: possible contaminant and ‘true’ positive. Results: 967 blood cultures were ordered during this period. 783 of these (81%) grew an organism which was felt to be negative, 162 (16.7%) were possible contaminants and 22 (2.2%) were felt to be ’true’ positive. More than 50% of the patients presented with fever without source. The most common isolate was Staphylococcus coagulase negative (30.4%); whereas the most common ‘true’ positive was Streptococcus pneumoniae (40.9%). Follow-up of half of the cases was arranged by appointment in our hospital, 29.3% were arranged at their Primary Care practice and 6% by telephone call from the ED. Conclusions:Blood culture’s rentability in ED is questionable due to the high contamination rates. Nevertheless, clinical follow-up ensures appropriate control of positive results. This way negative impacts on the patient are avoided.Objetivos: El presente estudio pretende analizar los resultados de los hemocultivos realizados en Urgencias de Pediatría y las consecuencias clínicas que conllevan, para intentar mejorar el rendimiento de esta prueba. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de los hemocultivos realizados en el Servicio de Urgencias de Pediatría desde febrero de 2012 hasta abril de 2013 inclusive. En los casos de crecimiento de algún microorganismo, se comunicó directamente desde Microbiología a Urgencias el germen concreto aislado. Se realizó un seguimiento de los pacientes para evaluar su estado clínico. Se analizaron los datos de aquellos con resultado positivo en el hemocultivo dividiéndolos en dos grupos: PC (posible contaminante) y VP (verdadero patógeno). Resultados: Durante este período se realizaron 967 hemocultivos, de los cuales resultaron negativos 783 (81%), PC 162 (16,7%) y VP 22 (2,2%). Más del 50% consultaban por fiebre sin foco. El germen más frecuentemente aislado en global fue Staphilococcus coagulasa negativo (30,4%); mientras que en el grupo de verdaderos patógenos fue Streptococcus pneumoniae (40,9%). El seguimiento se realizó en la mitad de los casos mediante control en el hospital, en el 29,3% en su Centro de Salud y en un 6% mediante llamada telefónica desde el Servicio de Urgencias. Conclusiones: La rentabilidad del hemocultivo en Urgencias es cuestionable debido al gran número de contaminaciones existentes. Sin embargo, el seguimiento clínico asegura el adecuado control de los resultados positivos evitando consecuencias negativas para el paciente