Diagnostics of Hybrid Water/Argon Thermal Plasma Jet with Water, Ethanol and Their Mixture Injection to Plasma

A plasma torch with the water/argon stabilization of an arc is characterized by extremely hot and high velocity plasma together with the relatively low flow rate of plasma, therefore, the torch might be properly used for plasma suspension spraying. Enthalpy probe and emission spectroscopy measurements were carried out at constant arc power with the combination of the injection of water, ethanol or their mixture to the plasma jet to diagnose the changes in temperature, heat flux and other characteristics

Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high-strength steels

Typical thicknesses ofhigh-strength steels (HSS) sheets used in the car industry are inapplicablefor standardized testingprocedures. The aim ofthis study is topropose an appropriate methodologyfor testing and comparing of thin HSS sheets. Microstructures were observed by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. The modified Charpy impact tests andfracture toughness tests were used in order to compare thefracture properties of three different HSS sheets (Docol 1200 M, Multiphase 1200 and BTR 165). Ductile-to-brittle transition curves and tearing resistance (J —Δα) curves were measured. From thefracture toughness linked to the specimen thicknesses the value of fracture toughness KIc was estimated. Fractographic analysis of broken specimens has revealed that due to the fine microstructure of mixed ferrite-martensite fracture mechanism remains ductile even at low temperatures (down to —100° C).Толщины листовой высокопрочной стали, применяемой в автомобильной промышлен­ности, не соответствуют требованиям стан­дартных методов испытаний. Цель настоя­щего исследования - предложить приемле­мую методологию испытаний и сравненить между собой тонколистовые высокопрочные сталей. Микроструктуру изучали с помо­щью оптической и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Для сравнения особенностей разрушения трех различных сталей (Docol 1200, M. Multiphase 1200 и BTR165) использовали модифицированный метод ударных испытаний по Шарпи и метод оценки вязкости разрушения. Были получены кривые перехода из вязкого состояния в хрупкое и кривые сопро­тивления разрыву (J —Δα). По вязкости раз­рушения, зависящей от толщины образцов, оценивали величину KIc . Фрактографический анализ разрушенных образцов пока­ зал, что вследствие тонкой микроструктуры смешанного феррита-мартенсита сохраняет­ся вязкий механизм разрушения даже при низких температурах (до —100° C)

Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high-strength steels

Typical thicknesses ofhigh-strength steels (HSS) sheets used in the car industry are inapplicablefor standardized testingprocedures. The aim ofthis study is topropose an appropriate methodologyfor testing and comparing of thin HSS sheets. Microstructures were observed by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. The modified Charpy impact tests andfracture toughness tests were used in order to compare thefracture properties of three different HSS sheets (Docol 1200 M, Multiphase 1200 and BTR 165). Ductile-to-brittle transition curves and tearing resistance (J —Δα) curves were measured. From thefracture toughness linked to the specimen thicknesses the value of fracture toughness KIc was estimated. Fractographic analysis of broken specimens has revealed that due to the fine microstructure of mixed ferrite-martensite fracture mechanism remains ductile even at low temperatures (down to —100° C).Толщины листовой высокопрочной стали, применяемой в автомобильной промышлен­ности, не соответствуют требованиям стан­дартных методов испытаний. Цель настоя­щего исследования - предложить приемле­мую методологию испытаний и сравненить между собой тонколистовые высокопрочные сталей. Микроструктуру изучали с помо­щью оптической и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Для сравнения особенностей разрушения трех различных сталей (Docol 1200, M. Multiphase 1200 и BTR165) использовали модифицированный метод ударных испытаний по Шарпи и метод оценки вязкости разрушения. Были получены кривые перехода из вязкого состояния в хрупкое и кривые сопро­тивления разрыву (J —Δα). По вязкости раз­рушения, зависящей от толщины образцов, оценивали величину KIc . Фрактографический анализ разрушенных образцов пока­ зал, что вследствие тонкой микроструктуры смешанного феррита-мартенсита сохраняет­ся вязкий механизм разрушения даже при низких температурах (до —100° C)

EPA guidance on the role and responsibilities of psychiatrists

Psychiatry is that branch of the medical profession, which deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and management of mental disorders or mental illness, emotional and behavioural disturbances. Thus, a psychiatrist is a trained doctor who has received further training in the field of diagnosing and managing mental illnesses, mental disorders and emotional and behavioural disturbances. This EPA Guidance document was developed following consultation and literature searches as well as grey literature and was approved by the EPA Guidance Committee. The role and responsibilities of the psychiatrist include planning and delivering high quality services within the resources available and to advocate for the patients and the services. The European Psychiatric Association seeks to rise to the challenge of articulating these roles and responsibilities. This EPA Guidance is directed towards psychiatrists and the medical profession as a whole, towards other members of the multidisciplinary teams as well as to employers and other stakeholders such as policy makers and patients and their families

An overview of using small punch testing for mechanical characterization of MCrAlY bond coats

Considerable work has been carried out on overlay bond coats in the past several decades because of its excellent oxidation resistance and good adhesion between the top coat and superalloy substrate in the thermal barrier coating systems. Previous studies mainly focus on oxidation and diffusion behavior of these coatings. However, the mechanical behavior and the dominant fracture and deformation mechanisms of the overlay bond coats at different temperatures are still under investigation. Direct comparison between individual studies has not yet been achieved due to the fragmentary data on deposition processes, microstructure and, more apparently, the difficulty in accurately measuring the mechanical properties of thin coatings. One of the miniaturized specimen testing methods, small punch testing, appears to have the potential to provide such mechanical property measurements for thin coatings. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of using small punch testing to evaluate material properties and to summarize the available mechanical properties that include the ductile-to-brittle transition and creep of MCrAlY bond coat alloys, in an attempt to understand the mechanical behavior of MCrAlY coatings over a broad temperature range

Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders : State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries

Background. Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care. Methods. The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions. Results. We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures. Conclusions. We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.Peer reviewe

In-situ SEM observation of crack propagation in Al2O3-ZrO2 APS and HVOF coatings

These images show failure propagation in Al2O3-ZrO2 coatings prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF). Fused and Crushed (F&C) and Agglomerated and Sintered (A&S) powders were used as feedstocks. Observation was carried out using Carl Zeiss EVO MA 15 SEM microscope and 3-point bending stage. The paper: J. Kiilakoski, R. Musalek, F. Lukac, H. Koivuluoto, P. Vuoristo Evaluating the toughness of APS and HVOF-sprayed Al2O3-ZrO2-coatings by in-situ- and macroscopic bending Journal of European Ceramic Society https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.11.056

Evaluating the toughness of APS and HVOF-sprayed Al2O3-ZrO2-coatings by in-situ- and macroscopic bending

Thermally-sprayed ceramic coatings are commonly used in applications where high wear and corrosion resistance are essential. However, their inherently low toughness and resistance to impacts often limit their use. In bulk ceramics, the toughening effect of ZrO2 has been successfully implemented in different compositions of Al2O3-ZrO2. Successful toughening leads to increased wear resistance and higher reliability. In this study, APS- and HVOF-sprayed Al2O3-40ZrO2 coatings were characterized with SEM and XRD techniques. The toughness of the coatings was evaluated by measuring their strain tolerance with in-situ (SEM) three-point-bending and macroscopic four-point bending with acoustic emission instrumentation. The APS-coatings had a higher strain-to-fracture but failed abruptly. In HVOF-coatings, the cracking commenced earlier but proceeded slower with more crack deflections. The observed behaviour is likely to derive from the coarser microstructure of the APS-coatings, which allows strain distribution in a larger area unlike the finer structure with a lesser melting degree of the HVOF-coatings.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe