La corrupción en el ejercicio de la función pública en el Estado de México (2000-2008)

La transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y el combate a la corrupción se han visto agudizados en las tres últimas décadas de la democracia mexicana porque los sistemas de control y contrapeso fueron creados como una exigencia de aspectos legales recientes, y no como una práctica que fuera propia a los grupos que detentan el poder. La opacidad y la secrecía benefician a los detentadores del capital financiero y perjudican a la mayoría de la población, según se consigna en cifras de la economía y del desarrollo social del país. Ante tal situación, este trabajo se plantea analizar que si bien existen mecanismos de transparencia y rendición de cuentas, éstos no han sido eficaces para atacar la corrupción. Asimismo, se propone una serie de medidas, entre las que se incluyen: una ciudadanía que exija cuentas, modificaciones a las leyes, y medidas más severas para ser cumplidas por los poderes públicos, los ayuntamientos y los órganos autónomos, reconociendo que las restricciones institucionales existentes son necesarias pero no suficientes para equilibrar la relación de desventaja de la sociedad con el Estado

New tool gauges impact of exchange rates on states

States with relatively more employment tied to international trade are increasingly likely to be sensitive to exchange rate movements, and face sharply different effective exchange rate shifts, often provoked by economic or financial crises. ; Analysts need a tool to more effectively gauge the sometimes varied impact of exchange rate movements on states. In this article, we introduce a measure that compares the value of the dollar against the currencies of countries with which each of the 50 states trade--the real trade-weighted value of the dollar (RTWVD) index. ; To assess the impact of exchange rates on states, the RTWVD weights the U.S. dollar exchange rate with various countries based on a state's share of exports. It is a "real" measure because it adjusts the exchange rate for different rates of inflation. The index will allow analysts to more precisely identify the exchange rates that most affect a state's economy.International trade ; Foreign exchange rates ; Exports

International Standards in Regulating Space Travel: Clarifying Ambiguities in the Commercial Era of Outer Space

The era of commercial space law has ushered in new commercial uses of space travel not imagined by, and not well governed by, current international space law. In this Comment, Juan Davalos first provides an analysis of the history of space law, from its inception in 1959-1967 to the present. The Comment outlines disparities and ambiguities in terms currently defined in domestic and international law space treaties. The Comment then seeks to clarify these undefined or ambiguous terms, including the definition of a space object, the delineation between Earth\u27s air space and Outer Space, the definition of outer space itself, and the selection of a launching state. The Comment concludes by calling for a more uniform and clear description of the terms and regulations that govern international space law and leadership from the United Nations in establishing these regulations among the spacefaring nations of the world

Conscious or Unconscious: The Role of Education in Consciousness Raising among Chilean Youth

In this thesis, I investigate the question of how Chilean high school students in liceos emblemáticos and liceos históricos develop a critical consciousness about social justice issues. I examine how critical consciousness manifests itself in the second decade of the 21st century Chile and how, in turn, this critical consciousness leads to participation in national social movements. To further analyze this question, I utilize my field research, which was conducted through a qualitative approach. In May 2018, I conducted nine interviews with students and three with teachers at five of Santiago’s emblematic and historic high schools and at a Valparaiso technical high school, as well observations in history classroom at three of these schools. I employ critical pedagogy as the analytical framework with which I make sense of the findings. Based on my analysis using Freire’s concept of critical consciousness, I find that participants in these atypical schools demonstrate high levels of critical consciousness regarding matters of social justice. Students highlighted the socioeconomic diversity, social justice legacy, institutional culture, and passionate teachers in their current high schools as catalysts for raising critical social consciousness. Future research should continue to explore this topic as it to relates traditional public schools

Chicana/o Art Since the Sixties: From Errata to Remix

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