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Visualization of Instrumental Verification Information Details (VIVID) : code development, description, and usage.
The formulation, implementation and usage of a numerical solution verification code is described. This code uses the Richardson extrapolation procedure to estimate the order of accuracy and error of a computational program solution. It evaluates multiple solutions performed in numerical grid convergence studies to verify a numerical algorithm implementation. Analyses are performed on both structured and unstructured grid codes. Finite volume and finite element discretization programs are examined. Two and three-dimensional solutions are evaluated. Steady state and transient solution analysis capabilities are present in the verification code. Multiple input data bases are accepted. Benchmark options are included to allow for minimal solution validation capability as well as verification
SDSS J1534+1615AB: A Novel T Dwarf Binary Found with Keck Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics and the Potential Role of Binarity in the L/T Transition
We have resolved the newly discovered T dwarf SDSS J1534+1615 into a 0.11''
binary using the Keck sodium laser guide star adaptive optics system. With an
integrated-light spectral type of T3.5, this binary provides a new benchmark
for studying the distinctive J-band brightening previously noted among early
and mid-T dwarfs, using two brown dwarfs with different spectral types but
having a common metallicity and age and very similar surface gravities. We
estimate spectral types of T1.5+/-0.5 and T5.5+/-0.5 for the two components
based on their near-IR colors, consistent with modeling the integrated-light
spectrum as the blend of two components. The observed near-IR flux ratios are
unique compared to all previously known substellar binaries: the component that
is fainter at H and K' is brighter at J. This inversion of the near-IR fluxes
is a manifestation of the J-band brightening within this individual binary
system. Therefore, SDSS 1534+1615 demonstrates that the brightening can be
intrinsic to ultracool photospheres (e.g., arising from cloud disruption and/or
rapid increase in cloud sedimentation) and does not necessarily result from
physical variations among the observed ensemble of T dwarfs (e.g., a range in
masses, ages and/or metallicities). We suggest that the apparently large
amplitude of the J-band brightening may be due to a high incidence of
unresolved binaries and that the true amplitude of the phenomenon could be more
modest. This scenario would imply that truly single objects in these spectral
subclasses are relatively rare, in agreement with the small effective
temperature range inferred for the L/T transition.Comment: ApJ, in press, 26 page
Network Alterations in Comorbid Chronic Pain and Opioid Addiction: An Exploratory Approach
The comorbidity of chronic pain and opioid addiction is a serious problem that has been growing with the practice of prescribing opioids for chronic pain. Neuroimaging research has shown that chronic pain and opioid dependence both affect brain structure and function, but this is the first study to evaluate the neurophysiological alterations in patients with comorbid chronic pain and addiction. Eighteen participants with chronic low back pain and opioid addiction were compared with eighteen age- and sex-matched healthy individuals in a pain-induction fMRI task. Unified structural equation modeling (SEM) with Lagrange multiplier (LM) testing yielded a network model of pain processing for patient and control groups based on 19 a priori defined regions. Tests of differences between groups on specific regression parameters were determined on a path-by-path basis using z-tests corrected for the number of comparisons. Patients with the chronic pain and addiction comorbidity had increased connection strengths; many of these connections were interhemispheric and spanned regions involved in sensory, affective, and cognitive processes. The affected regions included those that are commonly altered in chronic pain or addiction alone, indicating that this comorbidity manifests with neurological symptoms of both disorders. Understanding the neural mechanisms involved in the comorbidity is crucial to finding a comprehensive treatment, rather than treating the symptoms individually
The effectiveness of flow cytometric sorting of human sperm (MicroSort) for influencing a child’s sex
Abstract Background: Flow cytometric sorting can be used to separate sperm based on sex chromosome content. Differential fluorescence emitted by stained X-vs. Y-chromosome-bearing sperm enables sorting and collection of samples enriched in either X-or Y-bearing sperm for use to influence the likelihood that the offspring will be a particular sex. Herein we report the effectiveness of flow cytometric sorting of human sperm and its use in human ART procedures
High Resolution Images of Orbital Motion in the Trapezium Cluster: First Scientific Results from the MMT Deformable Secondary Mirror Adaptive Optics System
We present the first scientific images obtained with a deformable secondary
mirror adaptive optics system. We utilized the 6.5m MMT AO system to produce
high-resolution (FWHM=0.07'') near infrared (1.6 um) images of the young (~1
Myr) Orion Trapezium theta 1 Ori cluster members. A combination of high spatial
resolution and high signal to noise allowed the positions of these stars to be
measured to within ~0.003'' accuracies. Including previous speckle data
(Weigelt et al. 1999), we analyze a six year baseline of high-resolution
observations of this cluster. Over this baseline we are sensitive to relative
proper motions of only ~0.002''/yr (4.2 km/s at 450 pc). At such sensitivities
we detect orbital motion in the very tight theta 1 Ori B2B3 (52 AU separation)
and theta 1 Ori A1A2 (94 AU separation) systems. Such motions are consistent
with those independently observed by Schertl et al. (2003) with speckle
interferometry, giving us confidence that these very small (~0.002''/yr)
orbital motions are real. All five members of the theta 1 Ori B system appear
likely gravitationally bound. The very lowest mass member of the theta 1 Ori B
system (B4) has K' ~11.66 and an estimated mass of ~0.2 Msun. There was very
little motion (4+/-15 km/s) detected of B4 w.r.t B1 or B2, hence B4 is possibly
part of the theta 1 Ori B group. We suspect that if this very low mass member
is physically associated it most likely is in an unstable (non-hierarchical)
orbital position and will soon be ejected from the group. The theta 1 Ori B
system appears to be a good example of a star formation ``mini-cluster'' which
may eject the lowest mass members of the cluster in the near future. This
``ejection'' process could play a major role in the formation of low mass stars
and brown dwarfs.Comment: To appear in the December 10, 2003 issue of the Astrophysical Journal
21 pages, 14 figures (some in color, but print OK in B&W
A Multilevel Mhealth intervention Boosts adherence to Hydroxyurea in individuals With Sickle Cell Disease
Hydroxyurea reduces sickle cell disease (SCD) complications, but medication adherence is low. We tested 2 mobile health (mHealth) interventions targeting determinants of low adherence among patients (InCharge Health) and low prescribing among providers (HU toolbox) in a multi-center, non-randomized trial of individuals with SCD ages 15-45. We compared the percentage of days covered (PDC), labs, healthcare utilization, and self-reported pain over 24 weeks of intervention and 12 weeks post-study with a 24-week preintervention interval. We enrolled 293 patients (51% male; median age 27.5 years, 86.8% HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia). The mean change in PDC among 235 evaluable subjects increased (39.7% to 56.0%; P \u3c 0.001) and sustained (39.7% to 51.4%, P \u3c 0.001). Mean HbF increased (10.95% to 12.78%; P = 0.03). Self-reported pain frequency reduced (3.54 to 3.35 events/year; P = 0.041). InCharge Health was used ≥1 day by 199 of 235 participants (84.7% implementation; median usage: 17% study days; IQR: 4.8-45.8%). For individuals with ≥1 baseline admission for pain, admissions per 24 weeks declined from baseline through 24 weeks (1.97 to 1.48 events/patient, P = 0.0045) and weeks 25-36 (1.25 events/patient, P = 0.0015). PDC increased with app use (P \u3c 0.001), with the greatest effect in those with private insurance (P = 0.0078), older subjects (P = 0.033), and those with lower pain interference (P = 0.0012). Of the 89 providers (49 hematologists, 36 advanced care providers, 4 unreported), only 11.2% used HU toolbox ≥1/month on average. This use did not affect change in PDC. Tailoring mHealth solutions to address barriers to hydroxyurea adherence can potentially improve adherence and provide clinical benefits. A definitive randomized study is warranted. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04080167
Trapping \u3ci\u3ePhyllophaga \u3c/i\u3espp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) in the United States and Canada using sex attractants.
The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified. Three major findings included: (1) widespread use of the two compounds [of the 147 Phyllophaga (sensu stricto) species found in the United States and Canada, males of nearly 40% were captured]; (2) in most species intraspecific male response to the pheromone blends was stable between years and over geography; and (3) an unusual pheromone polymorphism was described from P. anxia. Populations at some locations were captured with L-valine methyl ester alone, whereas populations at other locations were captured with L-isoleucine methyl ester alone. At additional locations, the L-valine methyl ester-responding populations and the L-isoleucine methyl ester-responding populations were both present, producing a bimodal capture curve. In southeastern Massachusetts and in Rhode Island, in the United States, P. anxia males were captured with blends of L-valine methyl ester and L-isoleucine methyl ester
Measurement of the flavour composition of dijet events in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper describes a measurement of the flavour composition of dijet events produced in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. The measurement uses the full 2010 data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 39 pb−1. Six possible combinations of light, charm and bottom jets are identified in the dijet events, where the jet flavour is defined by the presence of bottom, charm or solely light flavour hadrons in the jet. Kinematic variables, based on the properties of displaced decay vertices and optimised for jet flavour identification, are used in a multidimensional template fit to measure the fractions of these dijet flavour states as functions of the leading jet transverse momentum in the range 40 GeV to 500 GeV and jet rapidity |y|<2.1. The fit results agree with the predictions of leading- and next-to-leading-order calculations, with the exception of the dijet fraction composed of bottom and light flavour jets, which is underestimated by all models at large transverse jet momenta. The ability to identify jets containing two b-hadrons, originating from e.g. gluon splitting, is demonstrated. The difference between bottom jet production rates in leading and subleading jets is consistent with the next-to-leading-order predictions
Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson
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