Biomarker zur Vorhersage des klinischen Verlaufes von Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom nach adjuvanter Therapie mit CMF unter besonderer Betrachtung der Enzyme Thymidinphosphorylase, Dihydropyrimidindehydrogenase und Thymidylatsynthase

Es wurden prädiktive Biomarker für das Ansprechen auf eine Therapie mit CMF bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom im frühen Stadium.Es war zu prüfen, ob Subgruppen mit bestimmten Biomarkern besser oder schlechter von CMF profitieren.Untersucht wurden mittel Immunhistochemie die Biomarker ER/PR, p53, Her2, bcl2, Mib1 sowie der Enzyme TP, DPD, TS. Ferner wurden die Enzyme TP, DPD und TS im formalinfixiertem und paraffineingebettetem Gewebe mittels Lasermikrodissektion und PCR bestimmt. Weder die klassischen pathologischen Kriterien noch die mittels Immunhistochemie ermittelten Biomarker zeigten eine Korrelation mit dem Metastasenfreien Überleben. Hochsignifikante Korrelationen ergaben sich jedoch mit dem Patientenverlauf zeigen die Expressionen der Enzyme TP, DPD und TS bestimmt mittels RT-PCR aus Lysaten mikro- und makrodissezierter Tumorzellen. Wenn lediglich eines der drei Enzyme einen Extremwert aufweist, überleben 100% der Patientinnen krankheitsfrei die Beobachtungszeit von 6 Jahren

Evolución histórica de la rentabilidad de la agricultura y el tambo en el sur de Santa Fe períodos 1993-94 a 2004-05

El presente trabajo analiza económicamente las actividades tambo y agricultura en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe. El período de análisis comprende los ciclos agrícolas de la serie 1993/94-2004/05. El modelo agrícola está caracterizado por la superficie ocupada por las actividades más representativas y sus correspondientes rendimientos, en siete departamentos del área de estudio. Igual criterio se utiliza para calcular la productividad del tambo. Los ingresos y los costos se actualizan por el Índice de Precios Internos al por Mayor al mes de abril de 2005. El tambo resultó ser una actividad competitiva con la agricultura, tanto a nivel de Margen Bruto como de Ingreso Neto en varios períodos. Los resultados históricos presentan un comportamiento influenciado por las oscilaciones de las variables macroeconómicas o de carácter no modificable por el productor (tipo de cambio, precios de exportación de la leche, precios de los granos, demanda externa, etc.). La diversificación productiva, implementando planteos mixtos, junto al aumento de la productividad, podría aprovechar las oportunidades que se ofrezcan en el futuro, además de influir favorablemente en el sostenimiento de los agrosistemas.The objective of this work was to provide an economic analysis of agriculture and dairy farms in southern Santa Fe (Argentine). The period analyzed includes the agricultural seasons in the 1993/94 - 2004/05 series. The agricultural model was defined on the basis of an area devoted to the most representative activities and their yields in seven departaments in southern Santa Fe. The same criterion was used to calculate the profitability of dairy farms. Incomes and costs were updated up to April 2005 by the Wholesale Internal Prices Index. Dairy farms were found to be competitive as compared to agriculture, both at Gross Profit and Net Profit obtained in several periods. Historical results showed a behaviour influenced by fluctuations in macroeconomic variables, that cannot be modified by the producer (rate of exchange, milk export prices, grain prices, external demand and so on). Therefore, it would be advisable to diversify production, applying mixed schemes in which greater diversification along with higher productivity would take advantage of future opportunities as well as favouring impact on the sustainability of agricultural systems.Soybean fixes atmospheric nitrogen through mutualistic symbiosis with Brdyrizobium japónicum y/o Sinorhizobium, by means of Nitrogen Biological Fixation (FBN). High yields and high soil nitrogen reserves are obtained by species that nodulate vigorously and fix nitrogen efficiently, when combined with simple agronomics strategies like the inoculation of seed. When naturalized population reaches 102 - 103 cells per gram, there is a great nodule occupation competition and therefore nodulation is depressed. This study compares the behaviour of different soybean inoculants with soil naturalized population on the nodulation, growth and yield parameters in Cañada de Gómez and Clason, Santa Fe, Argentina. A combination of laboratory, green house and field trials was used to evaluate nodulation in a typic Argiudol soil containing 105 naturalized cells per gram. Commercial inoculants containing 109 viable cells per product unit were also used. Infectivity values were over 80% in all cases. Nodulation percentages and dry weights of plants grown in green house showed no significant differences. The number of nodules per plant was higher in Clason (55,9) than is Cañada de Gómez (34,4), probably due to the difference in nitrate content (72 and 103 ppm respectively). Nevertheless, nodulation differences did not affect plant growth and yield, in any of localities

Uso sustentable de pastizales naturales como fuente de bioenergía

Uso sustentable de pastizales naturales como fuente de bioenergíaFil: Feldman, Susana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Transcatheter closure of small ductus arteriosus with amplatzer vascular plug

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to share our experience of transcatheter closure of small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by using an Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP).MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 20 patients who underwent transcatheter closure at Samsung Medical Center and Sejong General Hospital from January 2008 to August 2012. The size and shape of the PDAs were evaluated by performing angiograms, and the PDA size and the AVP devices size were compared.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 54.9±45.7 months old. The PDAs were of type C (n=5), type D (n=12), and type E (n=3). The mean pulmonary end diameter of the PDA was 1.7±0.6 mm, and the aortic end diameter was 3.6±1.4 mm. The mean length was 7.3±1.8 mm. We used 3 types of AVP devices: AVP I (n=5), AVP II (n=7), and AVP IV (n=8). The ratio of AVP size to the pulmonary end diameter was 3.37±1.64, and AVP size/aortic end ratio was 1.72±0.97. The aortic end diameter was significantly larger in those cases repaired with AVP II than in the others (P=0.002). The AVP size did not significantly correlate with the PDA size, but did correlate with smaller ratio of AVP size to aortic end diameter (1.10±0.31, P=0.032).ConclusionTranscatheter closure of small PDA with AVP devices yielded satisfactory outcome. AVP II was equally effective with smaller size of device, compared to others

Gradual pore formation in natural origin scaffolds throughout subcutaneous implantation

This study used a rat subcutaneous implantation model to investigate gradual in situ pore formation in a self-regulating degradable chitosan-based material, which comprises lysozyme incorporated into biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings at the surface to control the scaffold degradation and subsequent pore formation. Specifically, the in vivo degradation of the scaffolds, the in situ pore formation, and the tissue response were investigated. Chitosan or chitosan/starch scaffolds were studied with and without a CaP coating in the presence or absence of lysozyme for a total of six experimental groups. Twenty-four scaffolds per group were implanted, and eight scaffolds were retrieved at each of three time points (3, 6, and 12 weeks). Harvested samples were analyzed for weight loss, microcomputed tomography, and histological analysis. All scaffolds showed pronounced weight loss and pore formation as a function of time. The highest weight loss was 29.8% 6 1.5%, obtained at week 12 for CaP chitosan/starch scaffolds with lysozyme incorporated. Moreover, all experimental groups showed a significant increase in porosity after 12 weeks. At all time points no adverse tissue reaction was observed, and as degradation increased, histological analysis showed cellular ingrowth throughout the implants. Using this innovative methodology, the ability to gradually generate pores in situ was clearly demonstrated in vivo.Contract grant sponsor: Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT); contract grant numbers: SFRH/BPD/66897/2009, SFRH/BPD/26763/2006, SFRH/BD/24735/2005Contract grant sponsor: European NoE EXPERTISSUES; contract grant number: NMP3-CT-2004-500283Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; contract grant number: R01 DE17441Contract grant sponsor: Baylor College of Medicine Medical Scientist Training Program; contract grant number: NIH T32 GM07330Contract grant sponsor: Rice Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering's Biotechnology Training Grant; contract grant number: NIH T32 GM008362Contract grant sponsor: Keck Center Nanobiology Training Program of the Gulf Coast Consortia; contract grant number: 5 T90 DK070121-0

Biomarker zur Vorhersage des klinischen Verlaufes von Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom nach adjuvanter Therapie mit CMF unter besonderer Betrachtung der Enzyme Thymidinphosphorylase, Dihydropyrimidindehydrogenase und Thymidylatsynthase

Es wurden prädiktive Biomarker für das Ansprechen auf eine Therapie mit CMF bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom im frühen Stadium.Es war zu prüfen, ob Subgruppen mit bestimmten Biomarkern besser oder schlechter von CMF profitieren.Untersucht wurden mittel Immunhistochemie die Biomarker ER/PR, p53, Her2, bcl2, Mib1 sowie der Enzyme TP, DPD, TS. Ferner wurden die Enzyme TP, DPD und TS im formalinfixiertem und paraffineingebettetem Gewebe mittels Lasermikrodissektion und PCR bestimmt. Weder die klassischen pathologischen Kriterien noch die mittels Immunhistochemie ermittelten Biomarker zeigten eine Korrelation mit dem Metastasenfreien Überleben. Hochsignifikante Korrelationen ergaben sich jedoch mit dem Patientenverlauf zeigen die Expressionen der Enzyme TP, DPD und TS bestimmt mittels RT-PCR aus Lysaten mikro- und makrodissezierter Tumorzellen. Wenn lediglich eines der drei Enzyme einen Extremwert aufweist, überleben 100% der Patientinnen krankheitsfrei die Beobachtungszeit von 6 Jahren

Regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) by the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway and its role in the regulation of cell growth

Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is a central component of intracellular signaling pathways. It becomes activated downstream of growth factor receptors and has been implicated in cell growth, proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Akt is also a mediator of metabolic insulin action, and stimulates glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and lipogenesis. Activation of Akt resulted in induction of expression of several enzymes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. These genes are transcriptional targets of the family of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP). Induction of fatty acid synthase and HMG-CoA synthase, two key enzymes of the sterol and fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, by Akt requires SREBP. In addition, activation of Akt results in rapid accumulation of mature SREBP 1 in the nucleus. This process was independent of activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) but required active complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR/TORCl). Analysis of cellular metabolites by NMR revealed that induction of glucose and amino acid uptake, lactate production as well as fatty acid and phosphoglyceride biosynthesis by Akt also requires TORC1 activity. Thus it can be postulated that induction of expression of lipogenic genes through activation of SREBP is part of an anabolic response to activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and may be required for the induction of lipid biosynthesis during cell growth and proliferation. The PI3K/Akt pathway has been implicated in regulation of cell and organ size in Drosophila melanogaster. Several transgenic fly lines carrying an RNAi construct targeting dSREBP expression were generated. Silencing of dSREBP resulted in a significant developmental delay as well as a profound loss of viability. Tissue specific silencing of dSREBP in the wing resulted in a reduction in cell and organ size suggesting that activation of dSREBP by the PI3K/Akt pathway could be involved in cell growth control in flies

Propuesta de comercialización de un dispositivo médico para la empresa PALFARMA.

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo proponer una nueva línea de dispositivos médicos para la empresa Palfarma que se dedica a la importación y distribución de dispositivos médicos en el Ecuador; este dispositivo tiene como función el tratamiento, de manera eficiente y eficaz del cáncer de mama. Permite realizar la marcación de mama de una manera más precisa y ligera para los pacientes, dado que tiene una menor intervención, con mayor precisión y mejor experiencia para los pacientes. El cáncer de mama en el Ecuador que tiene el mayor índice de mortalidad en mujeres, ocupando el puesto número 12. Por esta razón, la empresa Palfarma está interesada en realizar un plan de comercialización para este dispositivo y, de esta manera, en la prevención del cáncer, tanto en un nivel avanzado como en un nivel temprano; además, este producto constituye una herramienta de mucho interés por parte los médicos oncólogos y radiólogos.This present work aimed to propose a new line of medical devices for the company Palfarma, Palfarma is a company for the last few years specialize to import and distribute medical devices in Ecuador. The primary function of this innovative medical device is the effective and efficient treatment of breast cancer. It allows a more precise and less invasive breast marking process, ensuring for the patients a greater accuracy and a better experience. Unfortunately, in this investigation we saw the results that breast cancer in Ecuador holds the highest mortality rate among women, this type of mortality is categorized in the 12th ranking place in Ecuador. For this reason, Palfarma is interested in implementing a comprehensive marketing plan for this innovative medical device, aiming to contribute to the prevention of cancer, at advanced and early stages. This new medical device in Ecuador is garnering a great interest to oncologists and radiologists

Methodology of calculation of construction and hydrodynamic parameters of a foam layer apparatus for mass-transfer processes

Промислова реалізація методу стабілізації газорідинного шару дозволяє значно розширити галузь застосування пінних апаратів і відкриває нові можливості інтенсифікації технологічних процесів з одночасним створенням маловідходних технологій. У статті встановлені основні параметри, що впливають на гідродинаміку пінних апаратів, розглянуті основні конструкції та режими роботи пінних апаратів. Виявлено зв'язок гідродинамічних параметрів. Розглянуто гідродинамічні закономірності пінного шару. Вказані фактори, що впливають на процес масообміну, як в газовій, так і в рідкій фазах. Проведений аналіз ряду досліджень показав, що перспективним напрямком інтенсифікації процесу масообміну є розробка апаратів з трифазним псевдозрідженим шаром зрошуваної насадки складних форм із сітчастих матеріалів. Отже, необхідне проведення спеціальних досліджень гідродинамічних режимів роботи апарату з сітчастою насадкою і визначенням параметрів, що впливають на швидкість переходу насадки з одного режиму в інший.Industrial implementation of the stabilization method of the gas-liquid layer can significantly expand the field of use of foaming apparatus and opens up new opportunities for intensifying technological processes with the simultaneous creation of low-waste technologies. The article establishes the basic parameters influencing the hydrodynamics of foam apparatus, considers the basic constructions and operating modes of foam apparatus. The connection of hydrodynamic parameters is revealed. The hydrodynamic laws of the foam layer are considered. The indicated factors affecting the process of mass transfer, both in the gas and in the liquid phases. The conducted analysis of a number of studies showed that the perspective direction of intensification of the mass transfer process is the development of apparatuses with a three-phase fluidized bed of an irrigated nozzle of complex forms with mesh materials

T cell metabolism drives immunity

Lymphocytes must adapt to a wide array of environmental stressors as part of their normal development, during which they undergo a dramatic metabolic remodeling process. Research in this area has yielded surprising findings on the roles of diverse metabolic pathways and metabolites, which have been found to regulate lymphocyte signaling and influence differentiation, function and fate. In this review, we integrate the latest findings in the field to provide an up-to-date resource on lymphocyte metabolism