A ATRIBUIÇÃO DE AUTORIA A UM TEXTO COM FINS FORENSES- UMA METODOLOGIA PARA A DETENÇÃO DE PLÁGIO

RESUMO O estudo que nos propusemos a fazer é relativo à atribuição de autoria a partir da riqueza lexical.  As nossas abordagens terão como ponto de partida os postulados teóricos e metodológicos relativos à linguística, em geral, e linguística forense, em particular, com base em autores como: Silva (2009), Couthard & Rosa (2014). Mcmenamim (2002). Para determinar a riqueza das palavras utilizadas nos quatro (4) textos, tendo adotado o método de riqueza lexical proposto por Winter e Woolls, Coulthard & Johnson, (2007), entretanto, com as alterações propostas por Silva (2009), dadas as especificidades da língua em que os textos foram redigidos, bem como a sua extensão. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comunicação, Linguagem, Ideoleto, Atribuição de Autoria

Epidemiological and clinical features of the emergency visits in a rural hospital in Cubal, Angola

There is scarce information on the profiles of patients attended in the Emergency Departments (ED) in rural Angola. Retrospective descriptive study including all the patients treated in the ED in Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz (Cubal) during 6 months (December 2014- May 2015). The epidemiological and clinical data collected were: age, sex, shift, service assignment, reason for consultation and outcome (discharge, admission, referral or death). A total of 2384 patients (53.4% women) were attended. The median age was 10 years (range: 0 - 96 years); 57.9% and 40.2% of them were under 17 and 5 years, respectively. No differences were observed regarding the assistance per shift, weekdays, weekends, or mean age per shift. The reason for consultation was registered in 69.9% of the patients; the most common were respiratory tract infections (20.5%), fever (14%), digestive diseases (13.6%) and malaria (10.4%). Up to 47.2% of the patients required in-hospital treatment and 1.3% were transferred to other hospitals. The patients admitted were significantly younger than the patients discharged (median age of 4 vs.16 years, p < 0.01). The mortality rate within the ED was 0.5%. Young patients were those who mostly required assistance in the ED. Infectious diseases were the most frequent reason for consultation. Pulmonary tuberculosis was suspected in one third of respiratory infections. The admission rate was high, especially in children under 5 years and in cases of malaria and malnutrition. Low referral rate and low mortality within the ED were observed

Protein hydrolysis by immobilized and stabilized trypsin

El pdf del artículo es la versión pre-print.-- et al.The preparation of novel immobilized and stabilized derivatives of trypsin is reported here. The new derivatives preserved 80% of the initial catalytic activity toward synthetic substrates [benzoyl-arginine p-nitroanilide (BAPNA)] and were 50,000-fold more thermally stable than the diluted soluble enzyme in the absence of autolysis. Trypsin was immobilized on highly activated glyoxyl-Sepharose following a two-step immobilization strategy: (a) first, a multipoint covalent immobilization at pH 8.5 that only involves low pKa amino groups (e.g., those derived from the activation of trypsin from trypsinogen) is performed and (b) next, an additional alkaline incubation at pH 10 is performed to favor an intense, additional multipoint immobilization between the high concentration of proximate aldehyde groups on the support surface and the high pKa amino groups at the enzyme surface region that participated in the first immobilization step. Interestingly, the new, highly stable trypsin derivatives were also much more active in the proteolysis of high molecular weight proteins when compared with a nonstabilized derivative prepared on CNBr-activated Sepharose. In fact, all the proteins contained a cheese whey extract had been completely proteolyzed after 6 h at pH 9 and 50°C, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Under these experimental conditions, the immobilized biocatalysts preserve more than 90% of their initial activity after 20 days. Analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the best immobilized trypsin derivative showed a surface region containing two amino terminal groups and five lysine (Lys) residues that may be responsible for this novel and interesting immobilization and stabilization. Moreover, this region is relatively far from the active site of the enzyme, which could explain the good results obtained for the hydrolysis of high-molecular weight proteins. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).Peer Reviewe

Editorial: Microbial proteases: Biochemical studies, immobilization and biotechnological application

This work was supported in part by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo—FAPESP (grant nos. 2016/20385-2 and 2020/14426-3) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grant no. 309984/2019-0) to HC.Peer reviewe

Production of Anhydrous Ethyl Alcohol from the Hydrolysis and Alcoholic Fermentation of Corn Starch

Ethyl alcohol is an organic substance that contains a functional group, the hydroxyl, attached to the ethyl radical. It is a substance used for sterilization and as an alternative fuel to fossil fuels, especially gasoline. It is obtained by the alcoholic fermentation of biomass containing fermentable sugars, based on the use of yeasts; alternatively, microorganisms in the yeast convert the sugars into ethyl alcohol through aerobic metabolism. In this context, this research aims to produce ethyl alcohol by hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation of corn starch and to purify the resulting products by distillation. For this, experimental tests were carried out using equipment on a laboratory scale. Alcoholic fermentation tests were carried out with strict control of ºBrix, specific mass and viscosity. After the fermentation, the resulting products with a reduced percentage of alcohol were purified by conventional and extractive distillation, ensuring increased purity and commercial value for the alcohol produced. The results obtained were satisfactory, and the phenomenological analysis of the operations ensured the understanding of the performance of each operation involved, with emphasis on hydrolysis, fermentation and fractional and extractive distillations, which involve strong interaction between the phases in each operation. With this methodology's implementation, it proved possible to produce alcohol with a high degree of purity, known as anhydrous alcohol

Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) cake from biodiesel processing: a low-cost substrate to produce lipases from Moniliella spathulata R25L270 with potential application in the oleochemical industry

[Background]: Biodiesel industry wastes were evaluated as supplements for lipase production by Moniliella spathulata R25L270, which is newly identified yeast with great lipolytic potential. Macaúba cake (MC), used for the first time in this work as inducer to produce lipases, and residual oil (RO) were mixed to maximise enzyme production. The lipase secreted was biochemically characterised.[Results]: The best ratio for the mixture (MC:RO) was 0.66:0.34 and the fitted values for lipase activity and total protein concentration were 0.98 U mL−1 and 0.356 mg mL−1, respectively. Maximum activity obtained (2.47 U mL−1) was achieved at 31.5°C and pH 6.7, and the enzyme was stable in this condition. A novel enzyme was purified and identified for the first time by mass spectrometry. The lipase efficiently hydrolysed different natural oils and exhibited selectivity in the production of eicosapentaenoic acid from fish oil.[Conclusion]: The use of MC and RO as a supplement to produce the new lipase from M. spathulata R25L270 may be one alternative for reducing lipase production costs and simultaneously adding value to biodiesel industry residues. The potential application of the lipase in the oleochemical industry was demonstrated by its pH and temperature stabilities and selective hydrolysis.This research was supported by Brazilian agencies: CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), INCT (Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia) de Nanomateriais de Carbono, FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais), Rede Mineira de Toxinas com Ação Terapêutica and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior).Peer reviewe

Pressurized Liquid Extraction for the Production of Extracts with Antioxidant Activity from Borututu (Cochlospermum angolense Welw.)

Borututu (Cochlospermum angolense Welw.) roots have been described as a rich source of phenolic compounds. Despite the potential of this plant for the production of bioactive extracts, studies reported until now have been scarce, and they have been based on the use of inefficient conventional extraction techniques. In this study, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was investigated for the production of borututu root extracts. Different temperatures (50–200 °C) and solvents (water, ethanol, and 50% ethanol:water) were applied. The total phenolic compound (TPC) content, the main phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts were evaluated. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional decoction with water. The highest concentrations of TPC and antioxidant activity were obtained with 50% ethanol:water, followed by water. The extract obtained with 50% ethanol:water at 150 °C had a TPC concentration of 343.80 mg/g and presented the largest antioxidant activity (1488 and 4979 µmol Trolox/g extract, determined by DDPH and ABTS assay, respectively). These values were considerably higher than those obtained by conventional decoction. Ellagic acid, and ellagic and methyl ellagic acid glycosides were the main phenolic compounds found in the extracts. Therefore, was PLE demonstrated to be a selective and efficient technique to obtain extracts with high concentrations of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity form borututu root

Importance of the Support Properties for Immobilization or Purification of Enzymes

Immobilization and purification of enzymes are usual requirements for their industrial use. Both purification and immobilization have a common factor: they use a solid activated support. Using a support for enzyme purification means having mild conditions for enzyme release and a selective enzyme–support interaction is interesting. When using a support for immobilization, however, enzyme desorption is a problem. The improvement of enzyme features through immobilization is a usual objective (e.g., stability, selectivity). Thus, a support designed for enzyme purification and a support designed for enzyme immobilization may differ significantly. In this review, we will focus our attention on the requirements of a support surface to produce the desired objectives. The ideal physical properties of the matrix, the properties of the introduced reactive groups, the best surface activation degree to reach the desired objective, and the properties of the reactive groups will be discussed.We gratefully recognize the support from the Spanish Government, CTQ2013-41507-R, Colciencia (Colombia) and CNPq (Brazil). The predoctoral fellowships for Mr dos Santos (CNPq, Brazil) are also recognized. Á. Berenguer-Murcia thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciûn for a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RyC-2009-03813)

Biossíntese de acetato de isoamila, valerato de etila e acetato de butila usando lipases microbianas imobilizadas em diferentes suportes

A síntese enzimática dos ésteres de aroma frutal de cadeia curta, acetato de isoamila (banana), valerato de etila (maçã verde) e acetato de butila (abacaxi) utilizando as lipases microbianas Candida antactica tipo B (CALB), Lecitase Ultra e Palatase 20000 L (Pal) imobilizadas a partir de diferentes estratégias foram investigadas. A produção dos ésteres também foi avaliada utilizando a lipase comercialmente imobilizada Novozym 435. As enzimas foram imobilizadas em suportes hidrofóbicos (Octil-Sefarose - Oct e Fenil-Sefarose - Fen), resinas de troca iônica (Carboximetil-Sefarose - CM e Dietilaminoetil-Sefarose - DEAE), ligação covalente multipontual (Glioxil-agarose - Gli) e unipontual (Bromocianógeno - CNBr). As reações ocorreram em meio orgânico (hexano) com álcool e ácido (25 mM) a 40°C para acetato de isoamila, 45°C para acetato de butila e 50°C para valerato de etila, sendo os ésteres quantificados por Cromatrografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. Os derivados CALB-CM e Pal-DEAE foram mais promissores para produção do acetato de isoamila e valerato de etila, respectivamente. Acetato de butila apresentou os melhores resultados de rendimento de conversão usando a lipase Novozym 435 e os derivados CALB-Oct, CALB-Gli e CALB-CM. Em função da elevada estabilidade as enzimas imobilizadas foram mais eficientes na síntese de ésteres de aroma frutal, em comparação com as enzimas livres