Innovative Monitoring-Verfahren im Nachbergbau: Überblick, Potentiale, Erfahrungen: Innovative Monitoring-Verfahren im Nachbergbau: Überblick, Potentiale, Erfahrungen

Der verantwortungsbewusste Umgang mit alt- und nachbergbaulichen Strukturen umfasst den Aufbau und die Entwicklung eines Risikomanagementsystems. Aktuelle Informationen über die Stabilität der bergbaulichen Objekte, ihren Zustand und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Tagesoberfläche werden durch ein Monitoringprogramm bereitgestellt. Der Beitrag behandelt die Zusammenhänge zwischen den bergbaulichen Elementen/ Objekten, den Ereignissen an der Tagesoberfläche, den zu messenden Parametern und den heute zur Verfügung stehenden Monitoringverfahren. In einem besonderen Fokus stehen alle Verfahren, deren Potentiale als besonders untersuchungswürdig eingestuft werden. Dazu zählen insbesondere die Daten des europäischen Erdbeobachtungsprogramms Copernicus. Die bisher gewonnenen Erfahrungen bei der Verschneidung der radarinterferometrischen, multi- und hyperspektralen Daten u.a. der Sentinel-Satelliten, mit den Ereignissen an altund nachbergbaulichen Elementen werden beschrieben. Neben der Analyse von Bodenbewegungsprozessen kommt den Veränderungen des Bodenwassergehaltes, der Vitalität der Vegetation und der Landnutzung eine besondere Bedeutung zu.The responsible handling of old- and post-mining structures encompasses the installation and the development of a risk management system. Up-to-date information about the mining objects` stability, their condition and possible effects to the ground surface are provided by a monitoring program. This contribution deals with the contexts between the mining objects, the effects to the ground surface, the parameters to be measured and the currently available monitoring methods. The methods which are recognized as extraordinary useful, shall be emphasized within this paper. Among these, the data of the European Earth observation program Copernicus are of a special interest. The to date gained experiences by merging of radar interferometrical, multi- and hyperspectral data with the old- and post-mining elements are being described. Besides the analysis of ground movement processes the variations of soil water, the vegetation’s vitality and the land use are focussed

Structure functions from the Compton amplitude

We have initiated a program to compute the Compton amplitude from lattice QCD with the Feynman-Hellman method. This amplitude is related to the structure function via a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. It is known that these types of equations are inherently ill--posed - they are, e.g., extremely sensitive to perturbations of the system. We discuss two methods which are candidates to handle these problems: the model free inversion based on singular value decomposition and one Bayesian type approach. We apply the Bayesian method to currently available lattice data for the Compton amplitude

Determining the glue component of the nucleon

Computing the gluon component of momentum in the nucleon is a difficult and computationally expensive problem, as the matrix element involves a quark-line-disconnected gluon operator which suffers from ultra-violet fluctuations. But also necessary for a successful determination is the non-perturbative renormalisation of this operator. As a first step we investigate here this renormalisation in the RI-MOM scheme. Using quenched QCD as an example, a statistical signal is obtained in a direct calculation using an adaption of the Feynman-Hellmann technique.Comment: 7 pages, Proceedings of the 37th Annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2019), 16-22 June 2019, Wuhan, Chin

Determining the glue component of the nucleon

Computing the gluon component of momentum in the nucleon is a difficult and computationally expensive problem, as the matrix element involves a quark-line-disconnected gluon operator which suffers from ultra-violet fluctuations. But also necessary for a successful determination is the non-perturbative renormalisation of this operator. As a first step we investigate here this renormalisation in the RI − MOM scheme. Using quenched QCD as an example, a statistical signal is obtained in a direct calculation using an adaption of the Feynman-Hellmann technique

The Iceland Microcontinent and a continental Greenland-Iceland-Faroe Ridge

The breakup of Laurasia to form the Northeast Atlantic Realm was the culmination of a long period of tectonic unrest extending back to the Late Palaeozoic. Breakup was prolonged and complex and disintegrated an inhomogeneous collage of cratons sutured by cross-cutting orogens. Volcanic rifted margins formed, which are blanketed by lavas and underlain variously by magma-inflated, extended continental crust and mafic high-velocity lower crust of ambiguous and probably partly continental provenance. New rifts formed by diachronous propagation along old zones of weakness. North of the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe Ridge the newly forming rift propagated south along the Caledonian suture. South of the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe Ridge it propagated north through the North Atlantic Craton along an axis displaced ~ 150 km to the west of the northern rift. Both propagators stalled where the confluence of the Nagssugtoqidian and Caledonian orogens formed a transverse barrier. Thereafter, the ~ 400-km-wide latitudinal zone between the stalled rift tips extended in a distributed, unstable manner along multiple axes of extension that frequently migrated or jumped laterally with shearing occurring between them in diffuse transfer zones. This style of deformation continues to the present day. It is the surface expression of underlying magma-assisted stretching of ductile mid- and lower continental crust which comprises the Icelandic-type lower crust that underlies the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe Ridge. This, and probably also one or more full-crustal-thickness microcontinents incorporated in the Ridge, are capped by surface lavas. The Greenland-Iceland-Faroe Ridge thus has a similar structure to some zones of seaward-dipping reflectors. The contemporaneous melt layer corresponds to the 3–10 km thick Icelandic-type upper crust plus magma emplaced in the ~ 10–30-km-thick Icelandic-type lower crust. This model can account for seismic and gravity data that are inconsistent with a gabbroic composition for Icelandic-type lower crust, and petrological data that show no reasonable temperature or source composition could generate the full ~ 40-km thickness of Icelandic-type crust observed. Numerical modeling confirms that extension of the continental crust can continue for many tens of Myr by lower-crustal flow from beneath the adjacent continents. Petrological estimates of the maximum potential temperature of the source of Icelandic lavas are up to 1450 °C, no more than ~ 100 °C hotter than MORB source. The geochemistry is compatible with a source comprising hydrous peridotite/pyroxenite with a component of continental mid- and lower crust. The fusible petrology, high source volatile contents, and frequent formation of new rifts can account for the true ~ 15–20 km melt thickness at the moderate temperatures observed. A continuous swathe of magma-inflated continental material beneath the 1200-km-wide Greenland-Iceland-Faroe Ridge implies that full continental breakup has not yet occurred at this latitude. Ongoing tectonic instability on the Ridge is manifest in long-term tectonic disequilibrium on the adjacent rifted margins and on the Reykjanes Ridge, where southerly migrating propagators that initiate at Iceland are associated with diachronous swathes of unusually thick oceanic crust. Magmatic volumes in the NE Atlantic Realm have likely been overestimated and the concept of a monogenetic North Atlantic Igneous Province needs to be reappraised. A model of complex, piecemeal breakup controlled by pre-existing structures that produces anomalous volcanism at barriers to rift propagation and distributes continental material in the growing oceans fits other oceanic regions including the Davis Strait and the South Atlantic and West Indian oceans

Combined use of field observations and SAR interferometry to study ice dynamics and mass balance in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

In the region of the Schirmacheroase (71 °S, 12°E) various geodetic and glaciological research activities have been carried out in the last decade. Several times three geodetic-glaciological traverses were undertaken to study ice velocity, accumulation and ablation, and ice surface height changes. Repeated ground surveys show a significant decrease in surface heights by about 15 cm/y for a large blue-ice area. This paper presents the first interferometrically derived ice velocity field of the inland ice close to the Schirmacheroase. The interferometric analysis of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is performed in combination with ground-based information. Since only ERS-1&2 tandem mission image couples are available for this region a digital elevation model (DEM) is used to remove the effect of topography. Ice velocities up to 100 m/y are proved interferometrically for this part of the inland ice

Innovative Monitoring-Verfahren im Nachbergbau: Überblick, Potentiale, Erfahrungen: Innovative Monitoring-Verfahren im Nachbergbau: Überblick, Potentiale, Erfahrungen

Der verantwortungsbewusste Umgang mit alt- und nachbergbaulichen Strukturen umfasst den Aufbau und die Entwicklung eines Risikomanagementsystems. Aktuelle Informationen über die Stabilität der bergbaulichen Objekte, ihren Zustand und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Tagesoberfläche werden durch ein Monitoringprogramm bereitgestellt. Der Beitrag behandelt die Zusammenhänge zwischen den bergbaulichen Elementen/ Objekten, den Ereignissen an der Tagesoberfläche, den zu messenden Parametern und den heute zur Verfügung stehenden Monitoringverfahren. In einem besonderen Fokus stehen alle Verfahren, deren Potentiale als besonders untersuchungswürdig eingestuft werden. Dazu zählen insbesondere die Daten des europäischen Erdbeobachtungsprogramms Copernicus. Die bisher gewonnenen Erfahrungen bei der Verschneidung der radarinterferometrischen, multi- und hyperspektralen Daten u.a. der Sentinel-Satelliten, mit den Ereignissen an altund nachbergbaulichen Elementen werden beschrieben. Neben der Analyse von Bodenbewegungsprozessen kommt den Veränderungen des Bodenwassergehaltes, der Vitalität der Vegetation und der Landnutzung eine besondere Bedeutung zu.The responsible handling of old- and post-mining structures encompasses the installation and the development of a risk management system. Up-to-date information about the mining objects` stability, their condition and possible effects to the ground surface are provided by a monitoring program. This contribution deals with the contexts between the mining objects, the effects to the ground surface, the parameters to be measured and the currently available monitoring methods. The methods which are recognized as extraordinary useful, shall be emphasized within this paper. Among these, the data of the European Earth observation program Copernicus are of a special interest. The to date gained experiences by merging of radar interferometrical, multi- and hyperspectral data with the old- and post-mining elements are being described. Besides the analysis of ground movement processes the variations of soil water, the vegetation’s vitality and the land use are focussed

Innovative Monitoring-Verfahren im Nachbergbau: Überblick, Potentiale, Erfahrungen: Innovative Monitoring-Verfahren im Nachbergbau: Überblick, Potentiale, Erfahrungen

Der verantwortungsbewusste Umgang mit alt- und nachbergbaulichen Strukturen umfasst den Aufbau und die Entwicklung eines Risikomanagementsystems. Aktuelle Informationen über die Stabilität der bergbaulichen Objekte, ihren Zustand und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Tagesoberfläche werden durch ein Monitoringprogramm bereitgestellt. Der Beitrag behandelt die Zusammenhänge zwischen den bergbaulichen Elementen/ Objekten, den Ereignissen an der Tagesoberfläche, den zu messenden Parametern und den heute zur Verfügung stehenden Monitoringverfahren. In einem besonderen Fokus stehen alle Verfahren, deren Potentiale als besonders untersuchungswürdig eingestuft werden. Dazu zählen insbesondere die Daten des europäischen Erdbeobachtungsprogramms Copernicus. Die bisher gewonnenen Erfahrungen bei der Verschneidung der radarinterferometrischen, multi- und hyperspektralen Daten u.a. der Sentinel-Satelliten, mit den Ereignissen an altund nachbergbaulichen Elementen werden beschrieben. Neben der Analyse von Bodenbewegungsprozessen kommt den Veränderungen des Bodenwassergehaltes, der Vitalität der Vegetation und der Landnutzung eine besondere Bedeutung zu.The responsible handling of old- and post-mining structures encompasses the installation and the development of a risk management system. Up-to-date information about the mining objects` stability, their condition and possible effects to the ground surface are provided by a monitoring program. This contribution deals with the contexts between the mining objects, the effects to the ground surface, the parameters to be measured and the currently available monitoring methods. The methods which are recognized as extraordinary useful, shall be emphasized within this paper. Among these, the data of the European Earth observation program Copernicus are of a special interest. The to date gained experiences by merging of radar interferometrical, multi- and hyperspectral data with the old- and post-mining elements are being described. Besides the analysis of ground movement processes the variations of soil water, the vegetation’s vitality and the land use are focussed