Inconspicuous penis

El término pene no conspicuo (oculto), agrupa las patologías en las que el pene adopta un tamaño aparentemente más pequeño, ya sea porque se oculta bajo el tejido cicatricial en caso del pene atrapado, cuando presenta un pliegue de piel que reduce el ángulo penoescrotal tratándose del pene en vela, o en los casos en los que el pene es cubierto por prepucio redundante produciendo un pene enterrado. Se realiza una revisión de la definición y terminología utilizada a través de la historia, clasificación actual, etiología, diagnóstico y técnica quirúrgica empleada para la corrección del pene no conspicuo (oculto).214-222Inconspicuous penis is referred conditions where the penis looks apparently small but is truely hidden under scarring tissue or under redundant mucosa or prepubic fat. These are all different pathologies that are surgically treated. Multiple techniques have been described. The aim of the present article is to review the state of the art in management throughout history, current classification, etiology, diagnosis and surgical techniques for correcting this pathology

Distribución del coral arrecifal Pocillopora inflata (Scleractinia) en el Pacífico Mexicano y comentarios sobre su situación taxonómica

Background. The geographic distribution of reef corals in the eastern Pacific is well documented. However, field surveys still produce new geographic records of the taxa. Goals. The objective of this paper is to present a detailed compilation of the areas of occurrence of the Pocillopora inflata in Mexico, provide observations on its distribution range and comment on the taxonomic validity of the records of this species in the country. Methods. Data regarding distribution of the species in the Eastern Pacific and Mexican Pacific were gathered from published sources and field logs. Results. The distribution of P. inflata ranges from the southern Gulf of California (including new records for four locations of Baja California Sur, along the 24°N parallel), Nayarit, Colima, Guerrero and Oaxaca (to Huatulco Bays; 15°N). This new data call for a modification of the distribution map for the taxon in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Conclusions. Repeated observations in the Gulf of California revealed that, due to the remarkable phenotypic plasticity of another species (P. damicornis), confusion may arise with the identification of P. inflata in the field, since the general form of this species, is quite similar to the branches of P. damicornis affected by storms.Antecedentes. La distribución de los corales del Pacífico Oriental está bien caracterizada, sin embargo prospecciones de campo siguen arrojando nuevos registros geográficos de los taxa. Objetivos. Presentar una recopilación detallada de las zonas de presencia del coral Pocillopora inflata, en México, aportar observaciones que extienden su ámbito de distribución y discutir algunos aspectos sobre la validez taxonómica de los registros de la especie en el país. Métodos. Se compilaron datos de distribución de la especie en el Pacífico Oriental y datos de campo del taxón en el Pacífico mexicano. Resultados. Los resultados indican que la distribución de P. inflata comprende el sur del Golfo de California (incluyendo nuevos registros en cuatro localidades de Baja California Sur, dentro del paralelo 24°N), Nayarit, Colima, Guerrero y Oaxaca (hasta Bahías de Huatulco; 15°N). Los nuevos datos modifican el mapa de distribución reconocido para el taxón en la Lista Roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Conclusiones. Observaciones llevadas a cabo repetidamente en el Golfo de California evidencian que debido a la gran plasticidad fenotípica de otra morfoespecie (P. damicornis), puede haber confusiones al identificar P. inflata en el campo, ya que la forma general de esta especie y la de las ramas de P. damicornis afectadas por tormentas, llega a ser muy similar

Brain health in diverse settings : How age, demographics and cognition shape brain function

Peer reviewe

Digital Quantification of Human Eye Color Highlights Genetic Association of Three New Loci

Previous studies have successfully identified genetic variants in several genes associated with human iris (eye) color; however, they all used simplified categorical trait information. Here, we quantified continuous eye color variation into hue and saturation values using high-resolution digital full-eye photographs and conducted a genome-wide association study on 5,951 Dutch Europeans from the Rotterdam Study. Three new regions, 1q42.3, 17q25.3, and 21q22.13, were highlighted meeting the criterion for genome-wide statistically significant association. The latter two loci were replicated in 2,261 individuals from the UK and in 1,282 from Australia. The LYST gene at 1q42.3 and the DSCR9 gene at 21q22.13 serve as promising functional candidates. A model for predicting quantitative eye colors explained over 50% of trait variance in the Rotterdam Study. Over all our data exemplify that fine phenotyping is a useful strategy for finding genes involved in human complex traits

Identifying Signatures of Natural Selection in Tibetan and Andean Populations Using Dense Genome Scan Data

High-altitude hypoxia (reduced inspired oxygen tension due to decreased barometric pressure) exerts severe physiological stress on the human body. Two high-altitude regions where humans have lived for millennia are the Andean Altiplano and the Tibetan Plateau. Populations living in these regions exhibit unique circulatory, respiratory, and hematological adaptations to life at high altitude. Although these responses have been well characterized physiologically, their underlying genetic basis remains unknown. We performed a genome scan to identify genes showing evidence of adaptation to hypoxia. We looked across each chromosome to identify genomic regions with previously unknown function with respect to altitude phenotypes. In addition, groups of genes functioning in oxygen metabolism and sensing were examined to test the hypothesis that particular pathways have been involved in genetic adaptation to altitude. Applying four population genetic statistics commonly used for detecting signatures of natural selection, we identified selection-nominated candidate genes and gene regions in these two populations (Andeans and Tibetans) separately. The Tibetan and Andean patterns of genetic adaptation are largely distinct from one another, with both populations showing evidence of positive natural selection in different genes or gene regions. Interestingly, one gene previously known to be important in cellular oxygen sensing, EGLN1 (also known as PHD2), shows evidence of positive selection in both Tibetans and Andeans. However, the pattern of variation for this gene differs between the two populations. Our results indicate that several key HIF-regulatory and targeted genes are responsible for adaptation to high altitude in Andeans and Tibetans, and several different chromosomal regions are implicated in the putative response to selection. These data suggest a genetic role in high-altitude adaption and provide a basis for future genotype/phenotype association studies necessary to confirm the role of selection-nominated candidate genes and gene regions in adaptation to altitude

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations

Peer reviewe

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Operation and performance of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter in Run 1

The Tile Calorimeter is the hadron calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Approximately 10,000 photomultipliers collect light from scintillating tiles acting as the active material sandwiched between slabs of steel absorber. This paper gives an overview of the calorimeter’s performance during the years 2008–2012 using cosmic-ray muon events and proton–proton collision data at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8TeV with a total integrated luminosity of nearly 30 fb−1. The signal reconstruction methods, calibration systems as well as the detector operation status are presented. The energy and time calibration methods performed excellently, resulting in good stability of the calorimeter response under varying conditions during the LHC Run 1. Finally, the Tile Calorimeter response to isolated muons and hadrons as well as to jets from proton–proton collisions is presented. The results demonstrate excellent performance in accord with specifications mentioned in the Technical Design Report

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries