微小重力環境における薄膜構造物の伸展ブームによる展開挙動の数値解析手法構築と軌道上実証

Tohoku University桒原聡文課

Clinicopathologic Spectrum of Nephrotic Syndrome in the Elderly

The elderly population is affected by a wide range of kidney diseases like young adult patients. However, their clinical course and morphological manifestations are affected by aging. Recognition, diagnosis, and management of glomerular disease in elderly persons have several unique challenges. We aimed to study the clinicopathologic spectrum of elderly patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). In this retrospective study, we looked at 234 patients of adult NS who were biopsied during the last 5 years. Among them, 31 patients were above the age of 60 years (Elderly). Mean age in elderly patients was 67.48 ± 6.11 years, with age range from 60 to 86 years. Elderly NS patients constituted 13.2% of total adult NS patients. Nineteen patients (61.2%) were males and 12 (38.7%) were females. Hematuria was observed in 19% and hypertension in 48% patients. Mean serum albumin was 2.79 ± 0.39 g/dl and mean 24 h urinary protein was 3.77 ± 0.8 grams. Membranous nephropathy (MN) followed by minimal change disease (MCD) was the most common diagnosis. No major complication with biopsy was reported in our study as has been the case with most studies

Antimicrobial potential of some wild Macromycetes collected from Kashmir Himalayas

Alarming increase in microbial resistance to existing synthetic commercial antibiotics forced scientists to search for new antimicrobials from various alternative sources. The present study carried out during the year 2014-2015, presents the antimicrobial potential of some mushroom extracts against some commonly found pathogenic bacterial and fungal microbes. During the study four mushroom species, viz. Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr., Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P.Karst, Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P.Karst and Ramaria formosa (Pers.) Quel. were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against both gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus fumigates). The results revealed that ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of all the mushroom extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against most of the bacterial and fungal microbes. However, the aqueous extract of these mushrooms was found either lacking or conferring insignificant antimicrobial activity. The ethyl acetate extracts of Ramaria formosa and Lentinus tigrinus produced more promising results against the bacterial microbes than fungal counterparts. Both ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of Fomitopsis pinicola and Inonotus hispidus exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the selected set of microbes. The antibacterial and antifungal activity exhibited by Fomitopsis pinicola at the concentration 150mg/ml was almost parallel to 10µg gentamycin and 50µg nystatin respectively. Therefore, Fomitopsis pinicola signifies as one of the promising mushroom species possessing strong antimicrobial activity against broad spectrum of microbes

Quran Teaching Methodology on a Field Study in Turkey

يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان اهتمام المسلمين في تركيا بالقرآن، وإقبالهم على تعلمه وحفظه، وتنافسهم في تعليمه وتحفيظه بمناهج وآليات تنافسية مميزة ومختلفة، ويلقي الضوء على هذه المنهجيات بغية تعميم تجاربها، وتتبع مظاهر تطورها، وتحديثها للإفادة منها. وأما منهجه فقد اعتمد البحث المنهج التاريخي والوصفي والتحليلي، وكذا منهج المقارنة، في تقصي مناهج المدارس القرآنية في تركيا، وتوثيق نتائج استباناتها، وتحليل آثارها، واستقراء أهم مزاياها. وقد توصل البحث إلى وجوب العمل على إحياء دور مراكز التحفيظ في تركيا، وتطوير مناهجها التعليمية، بما يتناسب ومتطلبات العصر؛ لمواكبة العولمة بالشخصية الإسلامية، وحفاظًا على الهُوية الإسلامية. وقد تنوعت آليات مناهج التحفيظ على مستوى المؤسسات الرسمية، والجهود الذاتية الفردية والتطوعية، في إثراء ظاهرة الإقراء والتحفيظ. وتتجلى أصالة البحث في صلته المباشرة بتخصص الباحثين واهتماماتهم البحثية، وهو امتداد لبحوث عديدة في ذات المجال سبق نشرها ضمن أنشطة المنحة البحثية التكاملية لجامعة قطر تحت عنوان: "مناهج التعليم القرآني المعاصرة في العالم الإسلامي مقارنة بمنهج التعليم القرآني في دولة قطر دراسة تأصيلية"هذا البحث ممول من قبل جامعة قطر - منحة دعم الأبحاث الداخلية التكاملية 2020 _ المنح الداخلية بجامعة قطر 2-20/21-CSIS-QUCG .هذا وتعتبر نتائج البحث مسؤولية الباحث الرئيس بشكل أساسي"Bu çalışma, Türkiye Müslümanlarının Kur’ân-ı Kerim öğretimine gösterdikleri önemi, onu öğrenme ve ezberleme konusunda çeşitli yöntemlerle adeta yarışırcasına yönelişlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamakta ve bu yolda oluşan tecrübelerin yaygınlaştırılması, olumlu yansımalarının geliştirilmesi ve güncellenmesi arzusuyla uygulanan metotlara ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan Türkiye’deki Kur’an öğretimi yapılan kurumlarda uygulanan program ve yöntemlerin araştırılmasında, yapılan anket sonuçlarının pekiştirilmesi ve önemli özelliklerinin tespit edilmesinde tarihsel, deskriptif ve analitik yöntemin yanı sıra karşılaştırma yöntemi takip edilmiştir. Ulaşılan önemli sonuçlardan biri, Türkiye’deki Kur’an kurslarının rolünün ihya edilmesi, uygulanan öğretim yöntemlerinin, küreselleşmeye karşı koyabilmek ve Müslüman kimliği koruyabilmek için çağın gerekleriyle uyumlu biçimde geliştirilmesi için çaba göstermenin zorunluluğudur. Bu çerçevede gerek resmî kurumlarda gerekse bireysel gönüllü çabalar düzeyinde olsun Kur’an kıraati ve ezberleme olgusunun zenginleştirilmesi yolunda yöntemlerin oldukça çeşitlendiği gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın özgün tarafı akademik araştırmaya konu olmasıdır ki, bu çalışma Katar Üniversitesi tarafından desteklenen “İslam Dünyasında Çağdaş Kur’an Öğretim Yöntemlerinin Katar’daki Kur’an Öğretim Yöntemleriyle Karşılaştırması” başlıklı entegre proje çalışması çerçevesinde yapılan benzer araştırmaların bir devamı mahiyetindedir.This research aims to show the interest of Muslims in Turkey in the Qur’an, and highlight their interest in learning and preserving it, and how they strived to teach it by competitive approaches and mechanisms, and sheds light on these methodologies in order to disseminate their experiences, track their development and benefit from it. As for its methodology, the research adopted the historical, descriptive and analytical approach, as well as the comparative method, in investigating the curricula of Qur’anic schools in Turkey, documenting the results of their studies, analyzing their effects, and extrapolating their most important advantages. The research concluded that the role of the teaching centers in Turkey need to be revived and their curricula should be developed in order to the face the challenges of the globalization; To preserve the Islamic identity, the methods of memorization, followed by official institutions and individual and voluntary efforts, have varied in enriching the phenomenon of reading and memorization, as well as collecting readings in what is known as individualism, and great plurality. This research is relevant to the specialization of researchers and their research interests and is an extension of many research essays in the same field that have already been published in Qatar university’s integrative research grant activities under the title: “Contemporary Qur’anic Education Methods in the Islamic World compared with the Qur’anic curriculum in Qatar - a fundamental study.

CRIMAC cruise report: Development of acoustic and optic methods for underwater target calssification - G.O. Sars 22.11 - 03.12 2022

The overarching objective of the survey is to collect data to support the CRIMAC activities and to collect data for the LoVe observatory. CRIMAC is a center of research-based innovation funded by the research council of Norway through their center for research-based innovation program (SFI). Sustainable, healthy food production and clean energy production for a growing population are important global goals, and CRIMAC will contribute to these by obtaining accurate underwater observations of gas, fish, nekton and other targets. The data will be used in conjunction with CRIMAC data from other surveys to build a reference data set for optical and acoustic target classification. The classification libraries will be used for developing methods and products toward the fishing industry and marine science. The survey was divided into two legs where leg one mainly focused on trawl instrumentation and data collection for behavioural studies on fish-trawl interactions. The main objectives of this part were to test in-trawl camera systems and data processing from such systems, test and develop trawl instrumentation and acoustic and optic monitoring of herring behaviour in relation to the trawl. The second leg of the survey focused mainly on broad band acoustic data, including sizing of fish using broad banded acoustics, noise estimation, calibration, time series consistency when changing to broad band acoustics, gas seep detection as well as performing the standard IMR LoVe transect.CRIMAC cruise report: Development of acoustic and optic methods for underwater target calssification - G.O. Sars 22.11 - 03.12 2022publishedVersio

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common acute hyperglycaemic emergency in people with diabetes mellitus. A diagnosis of DKA is confirmed when all of the three criteria are present — ‘D’, either elevated blood glucose levels or a family history of diabetes mellitus; ‘K’, the presence of high urinary or blood ketoacids; and ‘A’, a high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Early diagnosis and management are paramount to improve patient outcomes. The mainstays of treatment include restoration of circulating volume, insulin therapy, electrolyte replacement and treatment of any underlying precipitating event. Without optimal treatment, DKA remains a condition with appreciable, although largely preventable, morbidity and mortality. In this Primer, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnosis of DKA and provide practical recommendations for the management of DKA in adults and children

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified