Un sistema de cuentas para la valoración de los efectos comerciales y ambientales del gasto público en la mitigación del fuego en el bosque mediterráneo

This paper proposes an economic accounting system for measuring the commercial and environmental effects of public spending in mitigation of forest fires in Mediterranean areas. It describes the application of this system (Agroforestry Accounts System) in the Alcornocales Natural Park. The habitat of this natural area is very important for the breeding and recovery of Mediterranean wildlife in danger of extinction or with conservation problems, and is considered by the public visitors and the private owners with a high environmental value. The level of public spending in the fight against forest fires of the Andalucía region (INFOCA) is quite significant in the Alcornocales Natural Park. The reduction of hectares of cork oaks trees destroyed by fire since the introduction of the INFOCA programme and the simultaneous increase in public funding provided for that purpose make it appropriate the design of an accounting tool to conduct an economic analysis of the contribution made by the INFOCA to the total social income generated in the Natural Park. The results make it possible to reach conclusions concerning the benefits of such public spending on society as a whole, which must be gained to offset the cost involved.Este artículo propone un sistema de cuentas económicas para la medición de los efectos comerciales y ambientales del gasto público dedicado a la mitigación de los incendios forestales en bosques mediterráneos. Se presenta una aplicación de este sistema (Sistema de Cuentas Agroforestales) en el Parque Natural de los Alcornocales. El hábitat de este espacio natural es de gran interés para la cría y recuperación de especies salvajes mediterráneas en peligro de extinción o con problemas de conservación, y está considerado por los visitantes públicos y los propietarios privados de un elevado valor ambiental. El gasto público en la lucha contra los incendios forestales de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (INFOCA) alcanza una cuantía notable en el Parque Natural de los Alcornocales. La reducción de hectáreas de alcornocal quemadas desde la implantación del INFOCA y el paralelo incremento de fondos públicos destinados a tal fin, hace aconsejable el desarrollo de una herramienta contable que facilite el análisis económico de la contribución del INFOCA a la renta total generada en el Parque. Los resultados permiten extraer conclusiones sobre los beneficios que este tipo de gasto público debieran generar a la sociedad para que alcanzara una rentabilidad económica adecuada

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-w (IFN-w) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-a (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Rentabilidad social de los bosques

Peer reviewe

APORTE ENERGÉTICO DEL PASTOREO EN UN REBAÑO DE CABRAS TRASTERMINANTE ENTRE MONFRAGÜE Y LA SIERRA DE GREDOS

El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el aporte energético de los recursos extraídos a diente por un rebaño de cabras trasterminante que pastorea en una dehesa de la comarca de Monfragüe durante nueve meses y en una finca de agostadero en el Valle del Jerte durante el verano. Se ha medido en unidades de energía metabolizable la alimentación tomada en pastoreo por la diferencia entre las necesidades totales teóricas de los animales derivadas de la literatura científica especializada y los suplementos alimenticios dados a los animales. Los resultados revelan que el pastoreo es la principal fuente de alimentación de las cabras, llegando a cubrir en el rebaño estudiado más del 90 por ciento de sus necesidades energéticas totales anuales. La reducida dependencia de la suplementación, tanto en el llano (dehesa de Monfragüe) como en la montaña (Valle del Jerte), responde en este rebaño, manejado con mano de obra familiar, al abandono del pastoreo en la dehesa durante la temporada estiva

Carbon Sequestration with Reforestations and Biodiversity-Scenic Values

This paper presents an optimal control model to analyze reforestations with two different species, including commercial values, carbon sequestration and biodiversity or scenic values. We solve the model qualitatively with general functions and discuss the implications of partial or total internalization of environmental values, showing that internalizing only carbon sequestration may have negative impacts on biodiversity-scenic values. To evaluate the practical relevance, we compare reforestations in the South-west of Spain with cork-oaks (a slow growing native species) and with eucalyptus (a fast growing alien species). We do the analysis with two different carbon crediting methods: the Carbon Flow Method and the Ton Year Accounting Method. With the .first method forest surface increases more, but using mainly eucalyptus. With the second, additional reforestations are done mainly using cork-oaks. We value the impact on visitors of these reforestations using stated preferences methods, showing that when these values are internalized cork-oaks are favored.We wish to thank Paulo Nunes, Jean-Christophe Pereau, Lynn Huntsinger and participants to the EAERE 2005 conference, the Trieste 2006 Workshop on “Climate Mitigation Measures in the Agro-Forestry Sector and Biodiversity Futures” and seminars in Sevilla, Vienna and Berkeley for useful comments. Financial support from the European Commission (project TRANSUST.SCAN) and the CICYT (project DYNOPAGROF) is gratefully acknowledged. Alejandro Caparrós was visiting UC Berkeley with a grant from the MEC while finishing this research. This paper was presented at the Workshop on “Climate Mitigation Measures in the Agro-Forestry Sector and Biodiversity Futures”, Trieste, 16-17 October 2006 and jointly organised by The Ecological and Environmental Economics - EEE Programme, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics - ICTP, UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme - MAB, and The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis - IIASA.Peer reviewe

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

International audienceInterindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-ω (IFN-ω) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-α (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men