Crisis y reestructuración de grandes zonas regables en Andalucía: el caso del bajo Guadalquivir

Este trabajo pretende analizar las características actuales de la Zona Regable del Bajo Guadalquivir, así como la percepción y respuestas de los diferentes actores ante las nuevas dinámicas socioeconómicas y modificaciones normativas (DMA y última revisión de la PAC). En primer lugar, se realizó un diagnóstico socio-económico de la agricultura y el espacio rural de un área seleccionada (Municipios de Los Palacios, Las Cabezas de San Juan y Lebrija). A continuación se identificaron los agentes socio-institucionales con implicaciones en la agricultura de este entorno y se realizaron 23 entrevistas. Este trabajo se completó con la aplicación de una encuesta a 156 agricultores

Síndrome de ovario poliquístico, el riesgo cardiovascular olvidado

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very prevalent disorder in women of fertile age. It is accompanied by aesthetic manifestations such as acne and hirsutism and some cardiovascular risk (CVR) implications, such as obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation as well as increased oxidative stress. It has been widely linked as an independent CVR factor, which should be diagnosed and treated with the same importance as other conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Regarding treatment, there are no large studies; however, an important component is the impact on weight and metabolic variables. Options such as lifestyle and pharmacological measures can be considered, including the use of metformin, empagliflozin, liraglutide, and semaglutide, as well as interventions such as weight control surgery in those patients with significant obesity and other CVR factors. We bring an insight into this often forgotten CVR, evaluating its epidemiology, pathophysiological factors, and treatment.El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es un trastorno muy prevalente en las mujeres en edad fértil. Se acompaña de manifestaciones estéticas como el acné y el hirsutismo, así como algunas implicaciones en el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), como la obesidad, la resistencia a la insulina, la inflamación y el aumento del estrés oxidativo. Se ha relacionado ampliamente como un factor de RCV independiente, que debe ser diagnosticado y tratado con la misma importancia que otras condiciones, como la hipertensión, la diabetes y la dislipidemia. Dentro del tratamiento, no se cuentan con estudios grandes; sin embargo, un componente importante es el impacto en el peso y las variables metabólicas. Se pueden considerar opciones como el estilo de vida y medidas farmacológicas, como el uso de metformina, empagliflozina, liraglutida y semaglutida, así como intervenciones como la cirugía de control de peso en aquellos pacientes con obesidad significativa y otros factores de RCV. Traemos una visión de este riesgo cardiovascular, muchas veces olvidado, evaluando su epidemiología, factores fisiopatológicos y tratamiento

PPARγ agonist-loaded PLGA-PEG nanocarriers as a potencial treatment for Alzheimer's disease: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Objective: The first aim of this study was to develop a nanocarrier that could transport the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) across brain endothelium and examine the mechanism of nanoparticle transcytosis. The second aim was to determine whether these nanocarriers could successfully treat a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: PGZ-loaded nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) were synthesized by the solvent displacement technique, following a factorial design using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG). The transport of the carriers was assessed in vitro, using a human brain endothelial cell line, cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence-tagged nanocarriers, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in APP/PS1 mice in a behavioral assay and by measuring the cortical deposition of β-amyloid. Results: Incorporation of PGZ into the carriers promoted a 50x greater uptake into brain endothelium compared with the free drug and the carriers showed a delayed release profile of PGZ in vitro. In the doses used, the nanocarriers were not toxic for the endothelial cells, nor did they alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier model. Electron microscopy indicated that the nanocarriers were transported from the apical to the basal surface of the endothelium by vesicular transcytosis. An efficacy test carried out in APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed a reduction of memory deficit in mice chronically treated with PGZ-NPs. Deposition of β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex, measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, was correspondingly reduced. Conclusion: PLGA-PEG nanocarriers cross brain endothelium by transcytosis and can be loaded with a pharmaceutical agent to effectively treat a mouse model of AD

PPAR<i>γ</i> agonist-loaded PLGA -PEG nanocarriers as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: in vitro and in vivo studies

Objective: The first aim of this study was to develop a nanocarrier that could transport the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) across brain endothelium and examine the mechanism of nanoparticle transcytosis. The second aim was to determine whether these nanocarriers could successfully treat a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: PGZ-loaded nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) were synthesized by the solvent displacement technique, following a factorial design using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG). The transport of the carriers was assessed in vitro, using a human brain endothelial cell line, cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence-tagged nanocarriers, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in APP/PS1 mice in a behavioral assay and by measuring the cortical deposition of β-amyloid. Results: Incorporation of PGZ into the carriers promoted a 50x greater uptake into brain endothelium compared with the free drug and the carriers showed a delayed release profile of PGZ in vitro. In the doses used, the nanocarriers were not toxic for the endothelial cells, nor did they alter the permeability of the blood–brain barrier model. Electron microscopy indicated that the nanocarriers were transported from the apical to the basal surface of the endothelium by vesicular transcytosis. An efficacy test carried out in APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed a reduction of memory deficit in mice chronically treated with PGZ-NPs. Deposition of β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex, measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, was correspondingly reduced. Conclusion: PLGA-PEG nanocarriers cross brain endothelium by transcytosis and can be loaded with a pharmaceutical agent to effectively treat a mouse model of AD

Multi-agent simulation of hydraulic transient equations in pressurized systems

Computational modeling pervades virtually every industrial process. By using numerical representations of the behavior of elements that constitute a system it is possible to obtain efficient and safe designs. Moreover, system operation can be better defined by using such models, thus enabling greater reliability and control. In this paper the use of agents to solve the equations describing fast transients in water networks is investigated. As the simulation of hydraulic transients in pressurized systems is a naturally distributed problem, the authors argue that a multi-agent based system is very suitable for the solution of this complex engineering phenomenon. A hybrid solution is built by deploying agents to work with sets of equations describing hydraulic transient behavior in pipeline systems. The details necessary to assemble a complete and lubricated machine to model the complex phenomenon of hydraulic transients in pressurized systems are described. This research develops a platform that constitutes an efficient and versatile tool of great interest for water supply managers when analyzing water hammer effects in their networks.Izquierdo Sebastián, J.; Montalvo Arango, I.; Pérez García, R.; Ayala Cabrera, D. (2015). Multi-agent simulation of hydraulic transient equations in pressurized systems. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. 04015071:1-14. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000549S1140401507

EMIR, the GTC NIR multi-object imager-spectrograph

EMIR, currently entering into its fabrication and AIV phase, will be one of the first common user instruments for the GTC, the 10 meter telescope under construction by GRANTECAN at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (Canary Islands, Spain). EMIR is being built by a Consortium of Spanish and French institutes led by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC). EMIR is designed to realize one of the central goals of 10m class telescopes, allowing observers to obtain spectra for large numbers of faint sources in a time-efficient manner. EMIR is primarily designed to be operated as a MOS in the K band, but others a wide range of observing modes, including imaging and spectroscopy, both long slit and multi-object, in the wavelength range 0.9 to 2.5 um. It is equipped with two innovative subsystems: a robotic reconfigurable multi-slit mask and dispersive elements formed by the combination of high quality distraction grating and conventional prisms, both at the heart of the instrument. The present status of development, expected performances, schedule and plans for scientific exploitation are described and discussed. The development and fabrication of EMIR is funded by GRANTECAN and the Plan Nacional de Astronomía y Astrofísica (National Plan for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spain).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Proyecto para una educación física de calidad en España. Argumentación científica

Este manuscrito recoge la argumentación científica de las siete medidas presentadas al Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes, en el Posicionamiento del colectivo del Área de Educación Física sobre las mejoras para una Educación Física de Calidad en España.This manuscript includes the scientific arguments of the seven measures submitted to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, in positioning of collective of physical education area on improvements for a physical education of quality in Spain

Posicionamiento del colectivo del área de educación física sobre las mejoras para una educación física de calidad en España

Tras un largo proceso de reflexión y consenso, se presenta al Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes, en nombre de los profesionales de la Educación Física de todos los niveles educativos de España, un posicionamiento único con el fin de trasmitir aquellas pautas y modificaciones que se cree deben acometerse para asegurar a todos los escolares de España, una Educación Física de Calidad. El posicionamiento propuesto consta de siete medidas.After a long process of reflection and consensus, it is submitted to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, on behalf of professionals of physical education of all levels of education in Spain, a unique positioning with the purpose of transmitting those guidelines and modifications that it is believed that they must undertake to ensure a physical education of quality for all Spanish schoolchildren. The proposed positioning consists of seven measures

Measurement of charm production at central rapidity in proton-proton collisions at s=2.76\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV

The $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections of the prompt (B feed-down subtracted) charmed mesons D$^0$, D$^+$, and D$^{*+}$ in the rapidity range $|y|<0.5$, and for transverse momentum $1< p_{\rm T} <12$ GeV/$c$, were measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis exploited the hadronic decays D$^0 \rightarrow$K$\pi$, D$^+ \rightarrow$K$\pi\pi$, D$^{*+} \rightarrow$D$^0\pi$, and their charge conjugates, and was performed on a $L_{\rm int} = 1.1$ nb$^{-1}$ event sample collected in 2011 with a minimum-bias trigger. The total charm production cross section at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV and at 7 TeV was evaluated by extrapolating to the full phase space the $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV and our previous measurements at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. The results were compared to existing measurements and to perturbative-QCD calculations. The fraction of cdbar D mesons produced in a vector state was also determined.Comment: 20 pages, 5 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 15, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/307