720 research outputs found
Association Study of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms and Obesity in a Young Mexican-American Population from South Texas
Background and Aims Obesity is increasingly a health problem and a risk factor for diabetes in young Mexican-American populations. Genetic association studies in older, mostly non-Hispanic populations have reported that polymorphisms in the candidate genes HSD11B1, CRP, ADIPOQ, PPARG, ANKK1, ABCC8 and SERPINF1 are associated with obesity or diabetes. We analyzed the polymorphisms rs846910, rs1205, rs1501299, rs1801282, rs1800497, rs757110 and rs1136287in these candidate genes, for association with obesity and metabolic traits in a young Mexican-American population from south Texas. Methods Genotyping of the seven common SNPs were performed by allelic discrimination assays in 448 unrelated Mexican Americans (median age = 16 years) from south Texas. χ2 tests and regression analyses using additive models were used for genetic association analyses adjusting for covariates; p values were corrected for multiple testing by permutation analyses. Results rs1800497 (ANKK1) shows association with waist circumference (p = 0.009) and retains the association (p = 0.03) after permutation testing. Analysis of metabolic quantitative traits shows that rs846910 (HSD11B1) was associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.04) and triglycerides (p = 0.03), and rs1205 (CRP) with HOMA-IR (p = 0.03) and fasting glucose levels (p = 0.007). However, the quantitative traits associations are not maintained after permutation analysis. None of the other SNPs in this study showed associations with obesity or metabolic traits in this young Mexican-American population. Conclusions We report a potential association between rs1800497 (linked to changes in brain dopamine receptor levels) and central obesity in a young Mexican-American population
Growth performance and total tract digestibility in broiler chickens fed different corn hybrids
The aim of the present study was to investigate the variability in nutrient digestibility associated with corn genetic background and its influence on the feeding value for broiler chickens. A total of 960 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed in eight treatments, with 12 pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen in a 42-day study. Eight corn samples (Variety 1 to Variety 8) were selected based on their nutrient composition. A fixed amount of each corn (577 g/kg in the starter diets and 662 g/kg in the finisher diets) was used to formulate feeds. Diets were offered ad libitum in pellet form. Performance parameters were determined at d 21 and d 42, and excreta samples collected at d 21 to determine energy, organic matter and dry matter (DM) whole-tract digestibility. The results revealed a decrease (P < 0.05) in body weight (BW) and feed intake in birds fed variety 8 compared to other varieties at d 21. The lowest whole tract DM and energy apparent digestibility were also observed for the variety 8 diet (P < 0.05), together with varieties 3 and 5. Energy digestibility was higher in varieties 2, 4 and 7 (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that corn protein concentration was positively correlated with vitreousness (r = 0.60, P = 0.054) and the arabinose:xylose ratio (r = 0.67, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with starch (r = -0.62, P < 0.05). Soluble non-starch polysaccharide content was negatively correlated with the protein solubility index (r = -0.88, P < 0.05). In addition, corn protein concentration was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with 21-d BW (r = -0.71) and weight gain (r = -0.62). In conclusion, the corn genetic background influenced the nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chickens. The content and nature of the non-starch polysaccharides were found to be two of the main factors affecting the solubility and availability of nutrients in corn, and could be the reason for the negative effects on the performance of broiler chickens as shown in the present study
Influence of particle size and xylanase in corn-soybean pelleted diets on performance, nutrient utilization, microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production in young broilers
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size and xylanase supplementation in corn-based pellet diets on the performance and digestive traits in young broilers. A total of 512 male Ross 308 broilers were used in a 21-day study. The treatments were designed in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four levels of geometric mean diameter (Dgw) of corn (540, 660, 1390, and 1700 µm), and two levels of xylanase (0 or 16,000 BXU/kg diet). Feeding coarse corn diets (1390 and 1700 µm Dgw) and xylanase supplementation showed an inferior coefficient of variation of body weight. Higher gizzard weight, microbiome alpha-diversity, and clustered separately beta-diversity (p < 0.05) were observed in birds fed coarse diets. The addition of xylanase promoted changes in relative bacteria abundance, increasing Lachnospiraceae, Defluviitaleaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Bacillaceae, Eggerthellaceae, and Streptococcaceae families in the 1700 µm group, and Christensenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae families in the 540 µm Dgw group. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation and particle size of corn interact in the intestinal environment, showing changes in microbial composition. Coarse diets and xylanase supplementation showed improved body weight homogeneity, which might be related to a better gut development and microbiota modulation
Dietary xylanase and live yeast supplementation influence intestinal bacterial populations and growth performance of piglets fed a sorghum-based diet
This study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation and the addition of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in piglets. One hundred and eighty commercial crossbred 23-d-old piglets (PIC 417) were sorted by initial BW and allocated to 3 treatments: control (CTR) diet, CTR diet supplemented with xylanase at 16,000 birch xylan units/kg (XYL) and XYL diet supplemented with live yeast (2 × 10 10 CFU/g) at 1 kg/t (XYL + LY). Each treatment had 10 replicates, with 6 animals each. A sorghum-based diet and water were available ad libitum for 42 d of the study. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured from 0 to 42 d (23- to 65-d-old) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) calculated. At the end of the study, bacterial identification through 16S rRNA (V3 to V4) sequencing of the ileal and caecal digesta from one piglet per replicate was performed. No treatment effects were observed on ADFI. Pigs offered the live yeast in addition to the xylanase had increased ADG compared with those supplemented with xylanase alone (XYL + LY vs. XYL; P = 0.655). FCR was improved with XYL and XYL + LY compared with CTR (P = 0.018). Clostridiaceae counts in the ileum tended to reduce by 10% with XYL and 14% with XYL + LY compared to CTR (P = 0.07). XYL and XYL + LY increased the counts of Lactobacillaceae in the caecum compared with CTR (P < 0.0001). Dietary supplementation of live yeast combined with xylanase improved growth performance and microbial balance of piglets during the nursery phase
New molecular approaches in adipogenesis regulation: The connexin 43 role
Indexación: Scopus; Redalyc.La prevalencia de la obesidad a nivel mundial se ha incrementado
rápidamente durante los últimos años debido principalmente
a los cambios en el estilo de vida de la población
con un aumento significativo en el consumo de energía y disminución
de los niveles de actividad física. Es por esto que
la comunidad científica está interesada en comprender de
forma más profunda los mecanismos que regulan la fisiopatología
de la obesidad. Dentro de los diferentes blancos de
estudio se encuentra la adipogénesis, cuyo entendimiento es
fundamental para comprender el desarrollo de la obesidad y
las patologías asociadas a esta. Recientemente ha surgido
importantes evidencias que involucran a la proteína de canales
de “Gap Junction” conexina 43 (Cx43) en la regulación
de los procesos relacionados con adipogénesis, cuyo papel
es básicamente anti-adipogénico, sin embargo, nuevas funciones
de Cx43 en la regulación de la formación del tejido
adiposo siguen descubriéndose.The global prevalence of obesity has been increased rapidly
over the past few years mainly due to changes in the lifestyle
of the population with a significant increase in energy
consumption and decreased levels of physical activity. As a
result, the scientific community is interested in a deeper understanding
of the mechanisms that regulate the pathophysiology
of obesity. In this context, adipogenesis process is an
important target of study to understand the obesity and associated
pathologies. Recently has been emerged important
evidence that involve gap junction channel protein connexin
43 (Cx43) in the regulation of processes related to adipogenesis,
whose role is fundamentally anti-adipogenic. However,
new functions of Cx43 in the regulation of adipose tissue
function also continued to emerge.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800
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Medical imaging: Foundations and scope
Indexación: Scopus; Radalyc.En la actualidad es innegable la utilidad de las diversas modalidades
de imagenología médica como apoyo clínico tanto en
la generación de diagnósticos de un buen número de enfermedades
como en la planeación de tratamientos tendientes a
proporcionar una alternativa de solución a las personas que,
por una u otra razón, manifiestan algún desequilibrio en su
salud. Entre las modalidades imagenológicas que, frecuentemente,
se utilizan en el ámbito médico se pueden mencionar:
Ultrasonido (US), Resonancia Magnética (MRI), Tomografía
Computarizada sencilla (CT) y multicapa (MSCT), Tomografía
Computarizada por Emisión de Positrones (PET) y Tomografía
Computarizada por Emisión de Fotones simples (SPECT).
En este sentido, este artículo tiene como finalidad presentar
una descripción ordenada, coherente y sistemática de cada
una de las mencionadas modalidades y establecer la vinculación
de la MSCT con situaciones clínicas íntimamente relacionadas
con la anatomía cardiaca y procesos de hipertensión.
La razón por la cual se hace énfasis en la MSCT es debido a
que, por una parte, se cuenta con un número importante de
bases de datos tanto de sujetos fisiológicos como de sujetos
patológicos y, por la otra, que se tiene previsto presentar un
conjunto de técnicas computacionales que serán exploradas
en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones en el contexto de
aspectos anatómico-cardiológicos que influyen directa o indirectamente
en la aparición, desarrollo y prevalencia de procesos
hipertensivos.Nowdays, several forms of medical imaging are usefulness in
clinical support for both diagnostics diseases generation and
treatment planning designed to provide an alternative solution
to people who, for one or another reason, manifest an
imbalance in your health. Among the imaging modalities that
frequently are used in the medical field may include: Ultrasound
(US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), simple computed
tomography (CT) and multilayer computed tomography
(MSCT), CT positron emission tomography (PET) Computed
tomography and single photon emission (SPECT). In this sense,
this article presents an orderly, coherent and systematic
description of these modalities and it establishes relationship
with the MSCT modality and clinical situations closely related
to cardiac anatomy and hypertension processes. The reason
emphasis on MSCT is done is because, on the one hand, we
have a large number of databases both physiological subjects
and pathological subjects and, on the other, we plan to
present a set of computational techniques that will be explored
in future research, in the context of cardiologic anatomical
aspects, with directly or indirectly influence in the emergence,
development and prevalence of hypertensive processes.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990700
Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS
The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured
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