The contribution of the faculty of engineering in Islamizing engineering studies

Islamization as an idea is not a mere process of engagement rather a dynamic and ongoing school of thought; hence, Islamized engineering is a value-laden enterprise and a process reconceptualization. Islamized engineering sciences will generate diverse insights different, to certain a extent, from western conception of engineering. It will connect us to the history of Islamic literature and the salient manifestations of Islamic civilization. This paper aspires to review and evaluate the methodological and epistemological approaches adopted by the Kulliyyah of Engineering in its attempt to infuse Islamic values in the general framework of its activities; from administration to academic and from student's affairs to curriculum development

Clients’ Perspectives of Risk Management Practice in Malaysian Construction Industry

This research is focuses on the practice of risk management (RM) in Client’s organization and aims to identify the level of awareness among construction professionals towards risk management and to examine the policy undertaken when dealing with risks in a construction project. Apart from that, it also aims to identify the problems and challenges for the implementation of risk management in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Questionnaire survey and interviews were carried out in order to obtain a better view on the implementation of risk management in the Malaysian construction industry. It was found that construction professional especially those who are working in client’s organisation are slowly accepting risk management as a management tool that will help in managing a construction project effectively and successfully. Based on the findings of the questionnaires and interviews there are a number of construction professionals who know about risk management and who have attended training and some of them have even practice risk management in their organizations. At least, it has been proven that there are organizations that have implemented risk management in their operations although this is only on a small scale. It can be concluded that risk management still has a long way to go in order to be accepted and recognized in the Malaysian construction industry

The concept of Itqan and its role in Muslim professional life

Professional Ethics which concern one's conduct of behavior and practice when carrying out professional work needs Itqan. The word itqan is an Arabic word which has a close meaning to the English word pelfection. Islam as a perfect and comprehensive religion set the bases for quality work. The order, discipline, accuracy, beautiful work, well thought out tasks and justice are all part of quality Islamic work and performance. Quran as the final divine revelation from Allah provides a code of conduct for every believer and is the commandment and warrant for him to be committed in hislher work and be sincere about it [5]. Adhering to the Quranic teachings on itqan equips the Muslim professional an effective approach to problem-solving preceded by steady and thorough examination before undertaking an activity and enables the Muslim to tackle problems in an orderly and disciplined manner. This prompts us to the institutionalization of Codes of Conduct and Codes of Practice which are common in many professional bodies for their members to observe. This paper attempts to investigate the importance of this concept and its role in the Muslim life

Qur'anic values & engineering studies: approaches and methods in the process of Islamizing engineering curriculum

Moral and religious awareness originate in human experience, and is cognized by reason as indispensable element of life for moral imperatives are the core of human survival and prosperity. Professional ethics should be studied in relation to and its role in enhancing and sustaining life experience in the world. Engineering values are virtual and universal as far as the general framework is concerned. On balance, both morality and akhlaq with minor semantical differences are symmetrical in nature. Our core concern is to relate Islamization to engineering or to attempt to Islamize engineering sciences providing an overview of Islamization of knowledge as a concept and relating it to engineering sciences and technologies. While Islamization of knowledge is a method to allure Muslims to return to the original ethos of Islam it is necessary that Muslims understand that the entire spectrum of knowledge including engineering have its origin in the Qur’an. The raison d'être of this work is to demonstrate a methodology for Islamizing engineering curriculum. In process we have select some courses taught in the faculty of engineering IIUM and suggested basic approaches of Islamizing it and in that we exhibited some techniques for Islamization. We would like to acknowledge the precious assistance and wholehearted cooperation bestowed to us by the Research Management Centre, International Islamic University Malaysia, during the course of this research. Without their technical and financial support this work would not be materialized

A gas-kinetic BGK solver for two-dimensional turbulent compressible flow

In this paper, a gas kinetic solver is developed for the Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations in two-space dimensions. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt to extend the application of the BGK (Bhatnagaar-Gross-Krook) scheme to solve RANS equations with a turbulence model using finite difference method. The convection flux terms which appear on the left hand side of the RANS equations are discretized by a semi-discrete finite difference method. Then, the resulting inviscid flux functions are approximated by gas-kinetic BGK scheme which is based on the BGK model of the approximate collisional Boltzmann equation. The cell interface values required by the inviscid flux functions are reconstructed to higher-order spatial accuracy via the MUSCL (Monotone Upstream-Centered Schemes for Conservation Laws) variable interpolation method coupled with a minmod limiter. As for the diffusion flux terms, they are discretized by a second-order central difference scheme. To account for the turbulence effect, a combined k-ε / k-ω SST (Shear-Stress Transport) two-equation turbulence model is used in the solver. An explicit-type time integration method known as the modified fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to compute steady-state solutions. The computed results for a supersonic flow past a flat plate where the transition is artificially triggered at 50% of plate length are presented in this paper. Validating the computed results against existing analytical solutions and also comparing them with results from other well-known numerical schemes show that a very good agreement is obtained

Temperature Dependence On Silver Conductivity And Adhesion Performance Between Silver And Flexible Substrate

Printed circuit board (PCB) is the main component in almost all electronic devices. The increase in the demand for PCB cause dramatically increases of E-waste. The improper discard practice of printed circuit board (PCB) leads to human health and environmental problems. Although the study had been done to improve the recycling process of E-waste, awareness from various parties needs more effort for this improved recycling process to successfully implement. Therefore, an alternative way by substitute the conventional PCB with the new flexible PCB can help eliminate these issues. The basic design of a flexible PCB consists of a flexible base and conductor. However, a key point during the developing of this new technology is the adhesion between the flexible base and conductor, which thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the base, while silver as the conductor was used throughout this study. This paper presents the effect of temperature in improving adhesion between substrate and silver, and concurrently influence the electrical conductivity of silver conductor. In this study, the characterization of silver and substrate respected to temperature individually analysed, followed by the qualitative adhesion observation between silver and substrate was carried out through cross-cut test according to ASTM D3359-09. The silver was exposed to different curing temperatures exhibit lower sheet resistance when temperature increase. Meanwhile, the substrate exposed to a temperature higher than glass transition (Tg) increases improve the adhesion between silver and substrat

Budesonide as a first line therapy in autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review

BackgroundAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) Is a chronic liver disease with female predominance. Treatment of this condition required usually a long-term corticosteroid therapy.AimsCurrent review aimed to summarize the efficacy of budesonide as a first line treatment in AIH.Methods Pub Med, ‎Google Scholar, and EBSCO ‎ databases were ‎systematically search for relevant articles. The terms ‎ ‎‎autoimmune hepatitis, budesonide, prednisolone and ‎azathioprine ‎were used. out of hundred ‎and six, only ‎five fulfilled ‎the inclusion criteria. Results Out of 106 articles, only 5 included in this review. All patients included in current review were steroid naive. Budesonide in dose of 3 mg trice a day was the used in 2 out of 5 studies both document complete platelet response in 50–80 per cent. Azathioprine was added to budesonide in 3 out of 5 studies, 60 per cent of the budesonide treated patient had a complete platelet response versus 30–40 per cent of prednisolone treated group.ConclusionIn non-cirrhotic AIH patients, budesonide was as effective as prednisolone with fewer steroid related side effects.

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18 : a geospatial modelling study

Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels.Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km x 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2.1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution.Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205000 (95% uncertainty interval 147000-257000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution.Interpretation Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe