Evaluation of physicochemical, functional and textural properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stored at low temperatures

The physicochemical and functional behaviour of rainbow trout stored at 4 and -20°C for nine days and six months, respectively, were investigated. The combined effect of proteolytic activity and physicochemical changes in the muscle (pH, solubility and proteolytic activity) altered the molecular structure of the proteins. SDS-PAGE showed the degradation of myosin and the formation of peptides of low molecular weight, causing an increase in solubility, which is correlated with changes in the functional properties of meat (water retention, capacity of emulsification and ability of gelling). In a gel obtained from the stored samples, the solubility had an effect on the distribution of the water gel, and significant differences (P<0.05) in colour and texture parameters were observed during storage. Regarding correlation analysis, during cooling, all variables studied were dependent on each other, however, in freezing, the correlation diminished in variables such as hardness, solubility and CRA. Surplus meat of trout according to the time of cold storage, can be incorporated into technological processes up to two days at a storage temperature of 4°C and three months at - 20°C, thus could contribute to the functional and textural properties of commercial meat products, generating a value liked trout producers. After this time of storage, the trout flesh can be consumed in the conventional way.Keywords: Rainbow trout, refrigeration, freezing, texture.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(32), pp. 5087-509

Effect of the solar dehydration on the antioxidant capacity and the content of flavonoids of the blackberry pulp (rubus spp)

[EN] Technical performance of two solar drying technologies was evaluated: Solar Greenhouse Drying (SGD) with auxiliary heating system, and Direct Solar Drying (DSD) in order to evaluate its effect on antioxidant activity (AA) and total flavonoids of blackberry (rubus spp) waste destined. The SDG and DSD results were compared with those of the dehydrated samples in an electric stove (ES). The fresh and dried fruits were evaluated; the blackberry seedless pulp was used. The AA and flavonoids showed degradation of 70% and 20% compared to the fresh sample. For both compounds, SGD is the one that offers the greatest conservation.Silva-Norman, A.; López-Ortiz, A.; García-Valladares, O.; Pilatowsky-Figueroa, I.; Ramirez, JR. (2018). Effect of the solar dehydration on the antioxidant capacity and the content of flavonoids of the blackberry pulp (rubus spp). En IDS 2018. 21st International Drying Symposium Proceedings. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1083-1090. https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7843OCS1083109

Moisture content modeling and effective moisture diffusivity determination during convective solar drying of blackberry (rubus spp) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

[EN] The goal of reducing energy consumption (EC), losses and waste (FL) in the food processing is a challenges in the worldwide. The use of active solar greenhouse dryers (GHD) for EC and FL reductions has increased due to its capacity, and low operating costs. In this work the effective diffusivity (Deff) and the moisture content modeling were analized for basil (Ocimum basilicum) and blackberry pulp (Rubus rosoideae) dried in a conventional stove (CD) and an GHD coupled to an additional air solar heating system (SCHa). The loss of water and the drying rate in food materials dehydrated in the GHD is consistent with the increment or decrement of temperature during the solar day. The Deff values for basil and blackberry pulp was ranged between -1.1044x10-7 and -3.9167x10-9. The solar energy obtained in the GHD supplied the heating requirements. In general, the Page’s model was the best fit for the drying kinetics for basil and blackberry pulp.López-Ortiz, A.; Gallardo-Brígido, JC.; Silva-Norman, A.; Pilatowsky-Figueroa, I.; García-Valladares, O.; Rodríguez-Ramírez, J. (2018). Moisture content modeling and effective moisture diffusivity determination during convective solar drying of blackberry (rubus spp) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). En IDS 2018. 21st International Drying Symposium Proceedings. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 505-512. https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7841OCS50551

Malformations of the craniocervical junction (chiari type I and syringomyelia: classification, diagnosis and treatment)

Chiari disease (or malformation) is in general a congenital condition characterized by an anatomic defect of the base of the skull, in which the cerebellum and brain stem herniate through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal. The onset of Chiari syndrome symptoms usually occurs in the second or third decade (age 25 to 45 years). Symptoms may vary between periods of exacerbation and remission. The diagnosis of Chiari type I malformation in patients with or without symptoms is established with neuroimaging techniques. The most effective therapy for patients with Chiari type I malformation/syringomyelia is surgical decompression of the foramen magnum, however there are non-surgical therapy to relieve neurophatic pain: either pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Pharmacological therapy use drugs that act on different components of pain. Non-pharmacological therapies are primarly based on spinal or peripheral electrical stimulation

Factores asociados al índice de reprobación de asignaturas de ciencias básicas del ITSLP

The purpose of the study was to find the factors associated with the failure rate of subjects included in the Basic Science Department that affect students of the “Instituto Tecnológico de San Luis Potosí”, to propose strategies that increase the approval rate in this area. This research had a quantitative approach; statistics were used as a basic tool for the analysis of the data and its relationships, with a descriptive scope. Data from the Comprehensive Information System (Sistema Integral de Información, SII) was used to obtain the failure rates of the subjects in the period from January to June 2020. Through an online survey, the data and their relationships were obtained and analyzed, related to social, personal and institutional factors within their different dimensions. According to the results obtained, the hypothesis established in this research is fulfilled as true: "The social, personal and institutional factors are associated with the failure rate in subjects included in the Basic Sciences Department". Being the Instituto Tecnológico de San Luis Potosí a professional training institution, strategies are suggested, such as forming support groups for consultancies from teachers of the Basic Sciences Department in each subject and following up with students to help lower the high failure rate.La finalidad del estudio fue encontrar los factores asociados al índice de reprobación de las asignaturas del Departamento de Ciencias Básicas que afectan a los estudiantes del Instituto Tecnológico de San Luis Potosí, para proponer estrategias que incrementen el índice de aprobación en esta área. Esta investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, se utilizó la estadística como herramienta básica para el análisis de los datos y sus relaciones, con un alcance descriptivo. Se emplearon los datos del Sistema Integral de Información (SII), para obtener los porcentajes de reprobación de las asignaturas en el periodo de enero a junio 2020. Mediante una encuesta en línea se obtuvieron y analizaron los datos y sus relaciones, en los factores de origen social, personal e institutional en sus diferentes dimensiones. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos “Los factores de origen social, personal e institucional, se encuentran asociados al índice de reprobación en las asignaturas del Departamento de Ciencias Básicas”. De tal manera que siendo una Institución formadora de profesionistas se sugieren estrategias, tales como formar grupos de apoyo para asesorías por parte de los docentes del área de Ciencias Básicas y dar seguimiento a los estudiantes para coadyuvar a bajar el alto índice de reprobación

Las ciencias sociales en el noreste de México.

Texto colectivo que incluye seis ensayos donde se reflexiona sobre el estado que guardan las ciencias sociales en el noreste de México: antropología, comunicación, economía, geografía, historia y sociología.Redactado por miembros del Grupo Gente (Grupo de Estudios sobre el Noreste de México y Texas) bajo la coordinación de César Morado y Lucila Hinojosa

Inward and Outward FDI Country Profiles, Second Edition

This second edition contains a series of 77 standardized country profiles dealing with the inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) performance of 40 economies. The profiles have been peer-reviewed by a global network of experts. The publication is intended to contribute to the analysis of trends in foreign direct investment and policy issues related to them. More specifically, the individual profiles discuss FDI trends and developments (country-level developments, the corporate players); effects of the recent global crises; and the policy scene. Each profile contains a standard set of tables, including on FDI stocks and flows, sectoral and geographical FDI distributions, the largest M&As and greenfield investments, the principal foreign affiliates (for inward FDI), and the principal multinational enterprises (for outward FDI). The standardized template used to produce the profiles allows cross-country comparisons. The volume is meant to be a reference tool for anyone interested in foreign direct investment

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July