Campo visual útil, divisão da atenção e velocidade de reacção periférica : treinabilidade e transfer da prática desportiva para tarefas de condução automóvel

Tese de doutoramento em Motricidade Humana na especialidade de Ciências da MotricidadeEste trabalho teve por objectivo verificar se a prática sistemática de jogos desportivos colectivos como, e.g., andebol ou basquetebol, altamente exigentes em termos perceptivo-motores, facilitará a aprendizagem/prática duma outra actividade, a condução automóvel, que, com a primeira, partilha diversas dessas características, tendo o campo visual útil/visão periférica, a divisão da atenção e a velocidade de reacção periférica como parâmetros de análise. A literatura dá-nos alguns exemplos de melhor visão periférica de pessoas envolvidas em desportos, em comparação com aquelas que o não estão, e melhores tempos de reacção, mas é escassa na afirmação da existência de vantagem em alguns aspectos da performance da condução. Os indivíduos praticantes de desportos colectivos, que estudámos, apresentaram maiores campos visuais úteis e capacidade de divisão da atenção do que praticantes de desportos menos exigentes a esse nível e do que não-desportistas. Foi também encontrado um efeito de transfer, do âmbito desportivo para o da condução automóvel,materializado, e.g., num menor número de estímulos luminosos periféricos não detectados por parte de desportistas, face a não-desportistas, em situação de condução automóvel em circuito fechado. Por outro lado, os atributos perceptivos estudados melhoraram com treino perceptivomotor específico em ginásio, em não-desportistas, revelando a sua treinabilidade.The purpose of this work was to verify if the systematic practice of team-sports, like, e.g., handball or basketball, highly perceptual-motor demanding, could make it easier to learn/practice another activity, car driving, which, with the former, shares several of those characteristics, having useful field of vision,/peripheral vision, divided attention and peripheral reaction speed as analysis parameters The literature gives us some examples of better peripheral vision of sport engaged people, compared to those who are not, and better reaction times, but it’s spare in stating some advantage in certain features of driving performance. We concluded that the team-sport engaged people we studied had greater useful fields of vision and better capacity to divide attention than individual sport players and nonplayers at all. We also found a transfer effect, from sport to driving domain, as, e.g., team-sport players had a significant lower number of non-detected peripheral light stimuli, as compared to non-players, in a closed circuit driving task. Besides, useful field of vision/peripheral vision, divided attention and peripheral reaction speed got better, with the implementation of a Perceptual-motor Program, in subjects with no significant previous sport experience, revealing their trainability

Influence of sports practice in the useful field of vision in a simulated driving test

FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), IDP (Instituto do Desporto de Portugal), AIESEP World Congres

Sistema de evaluación institucional en enseñanza obligatoria en Iberoamérica

La presente aportación se focaliza, en este contexto, en la evaluación institucional externa (vinculada o no a la autoevaluación interna) y, por tanto, considera prioritariamente la manera como se evalúan los centros educativos como totalidad y no tanto alguno de sus aspectos (evaluación de la dirección, de los profesores, de los programas, etc.), que también pueden estar considerados. El énfasis también está en conocer la organización y desarrollo del sistema de evaluación. Recoge la visión de 43 especialistas de trece países iberoamericanos sobre las formas de entender y promover la evaluación institucional en sus centros educativos. Sus aportaciones, que deben contextualizarse en las particularidades educativas de sus países (ya presentadas en anteriores informes de la RedAGE), presentan los aspectos generales y normativos de la evaluación, las formas cómo se organiza, los efectos institucionales que tienen y algunas reflexiones, retos y propuestas para la mejora. Su orientación es claramente práctica y se vincula al encuentro anual que la RedAGE realizado los días 16 y 17 de mayo de 2016 en la ciudad de Leiria (Portugal). Allí, los representantes de las organizaciones miembro seleccionaron la temática por su interés actual (con clara vinculación a la mejora de los sistemas educativos y la acreditación institucional), consensuaron la estructura de las aportaciones y realizaron un intercambio de posibles ideas sobre la temática. Se cubre así y como en ocasiones anteriores el propósito fundamental de la RedAGE, como es el de fomentar el intercambio de experiencias, la promoción del conocimiento sobre administración y gestión educativa y la reflexión sobre la práctica de la gestión. La finalidad última sigue siendo la de mejorar el funcionamiento de los centros educativos (y, a través de ellos, de los sistemas educativos), procurando sean de calidad y un instrumento para el cambio profesional y social

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine