12 research outputs found
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990â2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990â2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0â9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10â24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10â24 years were also in the top ten in the 25â49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50â74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
Caminando en la ruta sentipensante: configuraciĂłn de experiencias pedagĂłgicas nivel inicial
494 pĂĄginasEste texto es realizado en el contexto del Plan de Desarrollo 2016 â 2020, âBogotĂĄ mejor para todosâ, en el que se señala: BogotĂĄ es entendida como una ciudad educadora, en la que todos los ciudadanos son agentes educadores y todos los espacios pueden ser escenarios pedagĂłgicos para el aprendizaje. Una ciudad educadora tiene como centro el conocimiento e inspira aprendizaje, formas y lenguajes para reconocernos, para reencontrarnos; los espacios para el aprendizaje son entendidos como espacios para la vida, en los que se posibilita la investigaciĂłn y la innovaciĂłn para vivir mejor, para reinventarnos como ciudad, una ciudad mejor para todos.
Los dieciocho textos aquà presentados, fruto del acompañamiento pedagógico realizado por el IDEP en 2019, son base y referente para seguir aportando en la configuración y consolidación de comunidades de saber y pråctica pedagógica de la ciudad, asà como en la conformación de colectivos y redes de maestros. Son la evidencia de un potente trabajo de acompañamiento a experiencias de nivel inicial, caracterizadas por contar con ideas o avances para problematizar, estructurar, fundamentar, elaborar estrategias y un plan de acción
VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad
Acta de congresoLa conmemoraciĂłn de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentĂł como una ocasiĂłn propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teorĂa y la crĂtica en la formaciĂłn y en la prĂĄctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas.
En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyĂł un espacio de intercambio y reflexiĂłn cuya realizaciĂłn ha sido posible gracias a la colaboraciĂłn entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad CatĂłlica de CĂłrdoba, contando ademĂĄs con la activa participaciĂłn de mayorĂa de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del paĂs y la regiĂłn.
Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temåticas de caråcter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades.
En el ĂĄmbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de CĂłrdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigaciĂłn y la formaciĂłn en historia, teorĂa y crĂtica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumĂĄndose el aporte realizado a travĂ©s de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa AgĂŒero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates.
El evento recibiĂł el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la SecretarĂa de InvestigaciĂłn y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como asĂ tambiĂ©n de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento
Detección de Anemia Ferropénica por Cuantificación de RET-He en Infantes
La anemia ferropĂ©nica es una enfermedad con altos Ăndices mundiales, principalmente en niños. Existen diversos exĂĄmenes para su diagnĂłstico. El presente estudio trata de la cuantificaciĂłn de RET-He como medio de detecciĂłn de la anemia por falta de hierro en infantes. La metodologĂa se basĂł en una investigaciĂłn de tipo documental en donde se recopilaron y revisaron diversos documentos electrĂłnicos tales como ebooks, pĂĄginas oficiales como la OrganizaciĂłn Mundial de la Salud, trabajos de investigaciĂłn y sitios web relacionados con el tema objeto de estudio. La cuantificaciĂłn de RET-He bĂĄsicamente indica la tendencia del estado del hierro actual en la sangre, lo cual permite a los mĂ©dicos el diagnĂłstico temprano de la anemia ferropĂ©nica principalmente en infantes que es una de las poblaciones mĂĄs afectadas a nivel mundial. En este sentido, al tener un diagnĂłstico temprano el mĂ©dico puede formular el tratamiento y detener con este la incidencia de la enfermedad en ĂĄreas tales como el desarrollo cognitivo, el crecimiento, insuficiencias cardĂacas, entre otros. En conclusiĂłn, el RET-He permite a travĂ©s de un diagnĂłstico y tratamiento temprano de la anemia ferropĂ©nica una mejor calidad de vida para el infante
Relation between basal sperm morphology and sperm recovered by swim up
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate a possible correlation between basal sperm morphology and sperm recovered by swim up technique, in patients with fertility problems. Methods: Semen analysis was performed in 112 patients following the laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen of the World Health Organization (WHO), fifth edition. Sperm were separated by swim up technique and sperm parameters were reevaluated. Relation between basal sperm morphology and sperm parameters after swim up were evaluated by correlation coefficient analysis. Results: Means of basal parameters were above lower limits established by the WHO. After swim up, the average of sperm recovery, total motility and progressive motility were 8.89 ± 0.86, 91.74 ± 0.97, 97.41 ± 0.66 respectively. Sperm parameters after swim up showed an apparently lower concentration of sperm recovered when normal sperm morphology is lower in basal samples; however, these results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: There is no correlation between basal sperm morphology and quality sperm recovered after swim up, despite an apparently lower concentration of sperm after sperm separation is observed in patients with a decreased normal sperm morphology
NeumonĂa adquirida en la comunidad asociada a tabaquismo pasivo en pediatrĂa
En esta investigaciĂłn se aborda los efectos del tabaquismo en las vĂas respiratorias de los pacientes pediĂĄtricos, siendo expuestos al humo del cigarrilo como fumadores pasivos, trayendo como consecuencia padecimientos como la neumonĂa. Avalado en diversos estudios de expertos en la materia de Iberoamerica, se estudia todas las implicaciones que conlleva inhalar todos los tĂłxicos del tabaco a tan corta edad. El trabajo arroja como resultados una fuerte vinculaciĂłn con los padres fumadores y los ambientes en donde se desenvuelven los infantes con dichas enfermedades respiratorias. TambiĂ©n se definen unas recomendaciones para la prevenciĂłn de dichas patologĂas
New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimerâs disease and related dementias
Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimerâs disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/âproxyâ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE Δ4 allele