Interactive effects of melatonin, exercise and diabetes on liver glycogen levels

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin supplementation on liver glycogen levels in rats with streptozotocin- induced diabetes and subjected to acute swimming exercise. Material and methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley type adult male rats were divided into eight groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2, melatonin-supplemented control; Group 3, melatonin-supplemented diabetes; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, melatonin-supplemented swimming; Group 6, melatonin-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; Group 8, diabetic control. Melatonin was supplemented at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for four weeks. Liver tissue samples were collected and evaluated using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained from the light microscope were transferred to PC medium and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. Results: The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were found in group 4. Liver glycogen levels in groups 3, 6, 7 and 8 (the diabetic groups) were higher than group 4, but lower than those in groups 1 and 2. The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: The study indicates that melatonin supplementation maintains the liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise, while induced diabetes prevents this maintenance effect in rats. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (3): 252–255)Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin supplementation on liver glycogen levels in rats with streptozotocin- induced diabetes and subjected to acute swimming exercise. Material and methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley type adult male rats were divided into eight groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2, melatonin-supplemented control; Group 3, melatonin-supplemented diabetes; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, melatonin-supplemented swimming; Group 6, melatonin-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; Group 8, diabetic control. Melatonin was supplemented at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for four weeks. Liver tissue samples were collected and evaluated using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained from the light microscope were transferred to PC medium and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. Results: The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were found in group 4. Liver glycogen levels in groups 3, 6, 7 and 8 (the diabetic groups) were higher than group 4, but lower than those in groups 1 and 2. The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: The study indicates that melatonin supplementation maintains the liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise, while induced diabetes prevents this maintenance effect in rats. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (3): 252–255

Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah: The Uniqueness of Shah Wali Allah Al-Dihlawi’s Work

This study reviews on the uniqueness of the book Hujjat Allah al-Baligha by al-Dihlawi that emphasizes two important aspects, in terms of thought and debate on the topics presented by him. The study found al-Dihlawi’s thoughts in this book reflect his idealism as an Islamic scholar. He expressed impressive thoughts with the Qur’an as a fundamental ingredient and Sunna as a commentator to the Qur’an. While the reflection may generate useful perspective from the point of significance or preference according to the prevailing realities. Due to dissension between the Islamic parties during that time was considered chronically. This anxiety inspired a number of ideas to him to rebuild civilization of life in the name of Islam without mingling with the seeds of superstition and believing in mythical. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s1p40

Predictors of mortality in patients with prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: A nation-wide multicenter study

Background: Our aim was to investigate the clinical and prognostic features of the patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in a multicenter nation-wide study.Methods: The present nation-wide study consisted of 75 consecutive patients with PVE treatedat 13 major hospitals in Turkey from 2005 to 2012.Results: The patients who died during follow-up were significantly older than the survivors and had higher C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, poor NYHA functional class and large vegetations. High creatinine level (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–6.13), poor functional status (OR 24.5; 95% CI 3.1–196.5) and high CRP (OR 1.02; 95% CI1.00–1.03) measured on admission were independent risk associates for in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: High creatinine level, poor functional status and high CRP measured on admission were independent risk associates for in-hospital mortality, whereas a NYHA class ofIII/IV and high CRP reflected independent risk for stroke/mortality end point

Long non-coding RNAs modulate tumor microenvironment to promote metastasis: novel avenue for therapeutic intervention

Cancer is a devastating disease and the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with cancer metastasis responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Cancer metastasis is a multistep process characterized by spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor and acquiring molecular and phenotypic changes that enable them to expand and colonize in distant organs. Despite recent advancements, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of cancer metastasis is limited and requires further exploration. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic changes have been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of cancer metastasis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered one of the most critical epigenetic regulators. By regulating signaling pathways and acting as decoys, guides, and scaffolds, they modulate key molecules in every step of cancer metastasis such as dissemination of carcinoma cells, intravascular transit, and metastatic colonization. Gaining a good knowledge of the detailed molecular basis underlying lncRNAs regulating cancer metastasis may provide previously unknown therapeutic and diagnostic lncRNAs for patients with metastatic disease. In this review, we concentrate on the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNAs in the regulation of cancer metastasis, the cross-talk with metabolic reprogramming, modulating cancer cell anoikis resistance, influencing metastatic microenvironment, and the interaction with pre-metastatic niche formation. In addition, we also discuss the clinical utility and therapeutic potential of lncRNAs for cancer treatment. Finally, we also represent areas for future research in this rapidly developing field

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

The analysis of Reşat Nuri Güntekin`s novel Dudaktan Kalbe in terms of sentence knowladge

Reşat Nuri Güntekin'in Dudaktan Kalbe adlı romanının ilk baskısı esas alınarak yapılan bu çalışmada, Türkiye Türkçesi dil bilgisinin cümle bilgisi dalı ile ilgili kapsamlı bilgiler verilmiş, başlıklar ile ilgili olarak istisnalar, ayrıntılar ve romanda karşılaşılan farklılıklar gösterilmeye çalışılmış ve romanın cümleleri bu başlıklar için örnek cümleler olarak kullanılmıştır. Tez üç bölümden oluşmaktadır: Birinci bölümde; grubun kelime çeşidi ve cümle ögesi olarak görevleri esaslarına göre kelime grupları, ikinci bölümde; cümlenin ögeleri, üçüncü bölümde de cümle çeşitleri incelenmiştir.This study is conducted on the first edition of Reşat Nuri Güntekin's novel, Dudaktan Kalbe. Comprehensive information is given about the sentence structure of Turkish grammar and also exceptions about titles and differences in the novel have been stated and sentences of the novel have been used as examples of these titles. Moreover the study consists of three chapters: In the first chapter word groups are studied considering the types of the words and their functions as a component. In the second chapter, the components of the sentence are handled and in the third chapter, sentence types are examined

A Monte-Carlo Analysis of Monetary Impact of Mega Data Breaches

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/IJCWT.2021070105The monetary impact of mega data breaches has been a significant concern for enterprises. The study of data breach risk assessment is a necessity for organizations to have effective cybersecurity risk management. Due to the lack of available data, it is not easy to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the interactions among factors that affect the cost of mega data breaches. The Monte Carlo analysis results were used to explicate the interactions among independent variables and emerging patterns in the variation of the total data breach cost. The findings of this study are as follows: The total data breach cost varies significantly with personally identifiable information (PII) and sensitive personally identifiable information (SPII) with unique patterns. Second, SPII must be a separate independent variable. Third, the multilevel factorial interactions between SPII and the other independent variables elucidate subtle patterns in the total data breach cost variation. Fourth, class action lawsuit (CAL) categorical variables regulate the variation in the total data breach cost

A Warfare Domain Approach to the Disinformation Problem

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under temporary embargo.Land and sea were the original warfighting domains; at the turn of the 20th-century air was recognized, and roughly fifty years later, space became the fourth warfighting domain. Humanity is in the Information Age, and cyberspace is recognized as the fifth warfighting domain. Much debate surrounds this distinction. The complete lack of doctrine specifying what is required to be a domain serves to exacerbate an already contentious topic further. Many have proffered suggestions on what these requirements ought to be. For example, the literature suggests six requirements for a warfare domain, but a more accurate description of what was presented is six characteristics. If one of the six requirements were removed, any of the four physical domains would still exist as a domain. The notion of the warfare domain changed with the doctrinal codification of cyberspace. Previously, the warfare domains -land, sea, air, and space- were exclusively physical; the advent of cyberspace represents the first man-made warfare domain. While the physical, information and cognitive dimensions are accounted for in the doctrine associated with the physical domains, the same cannot be said for cyberspace. Representation of the three dimensions renders the means and ways of attacking and defending readily discernable. There are unique challenges related to cyberspace such as attribution, cyber personas, and cascading effects that make determining appropriate retaliation complex. In this context, the most prominent and difficult to defend threat vector is disinformation. In this paper, we discuss disinformation from the warfighting domain perspective. We offer a new conceptualization of cyberspace as a warfare domain. In doing so, the paper proposes recognition of the cognitive dimension in cyberspace as a solution to the problems associated with the fundamental problem in the complex information ecosystem, disinformation.U.S. Government affiliation is unstated in article text

Obesity Awareness and Nutrition Behavior of Children in Uşak Province, Republic of Turkey

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the awareness of children about obesity and their nutritional behaviors. Obesity Awareness Scale (OAS) and the Food Behavior Scale (FBS) were utilized for the data collection in the present study. The subjects were 699 male and female school children. Analyisis showed a significant correlation between the sub-dimensions of OAS and the total scores of FBS (p&lt;0.05). There were significant differences on levels of OAS and FBS depending on educational status (p&lt;0.05). The total score of FBS was also differ significantly between the healthy participants and the overweight ones (p&lt;0.05). The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the nutritional behaviors and obesity awareness; being or not being engaged in sports does not have an effect in the study subject's obesity awareness and nutrition behaviour; the nutritional behaviours and obesity awareness are depending on the educational level of the mother and the father and the subjects who have good nutritional behaviors, also have normal BMI (Body Mass Index)