Hepatoprotection and Immunomodulation of Natural Killer and CD8 T Cells by Meniran-Turmeric Extract Combination in Mice Injected with 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a] Anthracene

Combination herbal or polyherbal offers advantages by synergizing multiple plants to address health issues more effectively. Meniran and turmeric are traditionally used medicinal plants with notable pharmacological activities due to their bioactive compounds. This study investigated the curative effect of a meniran-turmeric extract combination on immunocompetent cells, particularly NK and CD8 cells, and on liver histopathology in mice administered 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Female BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) were injected subcutaneously with DMBA at 45 mg/kg body weight (BW) in the mammary gland area and maintained for eight weeks. They were then treated with a 1:1 meniran-turmeric extract combination for two weeks at doses of 100, 300, 900, and 1,800 mg/kg BW, followed by liver and immune cell analyses. The results showed a lower CD8+ T-cell population in extract-treated groups (17.53±1.13%-19.79±1.51%) compared with the DMBA group (20.92±4.74%). Conversely, NK+ cell populations increased after extract treatment (0.33±0.01%-0.56±0.13%) compared with DMBA alone (0.27±0.02%). Liver histopathology indicated that extract combination administration did not cause more severe damage than that observed in the DMBA group. An extract combination of meniran and turmeric could modulate the immune system, particularly NK and CD8 cells, in mice injected with DMBA. In addition, the study indicated that the combination of meniran and turmeric extract might play a role as an antihepatotoxic agent. This research could serve as a consideration for future studies developing a combination formulation of meniran and turmeric

Repellent Ability of Encapsulated Guava Leaves Extract and Horticultural Mineral Oil (HMO) on the Feeding Behaviour of Diaphorina citri

Repellency is one of strategies to reduce Diaphorina citri attack. Guava leaf extract (GLE) and horticultural mineral oil (HMO) are well-known as repellents against D. citri but have short persistence. This research was conducted to increase the persistence of GLE and HMO extracts by using simultaneous co-delivery as part of environmentally friendly control of D. citri. The treatments used were 5% GLE, 5% HMO, 5% GLE + 5% HMO, 5% encapsulated GLE, 5% encapsulated HMO, 5% encapsulated GLE + 5% encapsulated HMO, and aquadest as control. The result shows that 5% HMO, 5% GLE + 5% HMO, and 5% encapsulated GLE have a repellency effect on D. citri. In the non-encapsulated treatments, the percentage of D. citri stayed at treated citrus leaves increased significantly at 9 and 12 hours after application except 5% GLE + 5% HMO. Exposure to 5% GLE, 5% HMO, and 5% encapsulated GLE. The most dominant of GLE compounds was lactose and d-Glycero-l-gluco-heptose. The most dominant of HMO compounds were 17-Pentatriacontene, Tetrapentacontane 1,54-dibromo- and tert-Hexadecanethiol. Encapsulation of 5% GLE can increase the persistence of GLE as a repellent compound for D. citri, but this effect does not occur in HMOs

Cannibalism control of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer fry by melatonin hormone administration

Cannibalism is one of the causes low survival rate white snapper fry due to its aggressiveness. Melatonin is a hormone that can modulate aggressive interactions in fish. This study aims to evaluate effect of melatonin hormone on the level cannibalism sea bass. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replications, namely control (without melatonin hormone administration), melatonin doses of 5, 10, and 15 µg/g fish. Hormone administration was done orally through feed supplementation. Sea bass fry used were 2.82 ± 0.41 cm average length and 0.53 ± 0.08 g average weight. Stocking density was 2 fish/L. Sea bass were reared for 30 days with flow through system and fed three times a day in restricted manner (Feeding rate 15%). The results showed the administration of melatonin hormone can reduce level cannibalism, increase melatonin hormone levels, increase estradiol 17β hormone, and have no effect on body glucose levels sea bass. Melatonin dose 10 µg/g fish can reduce level cannibalism by 40.67% (P<0.05). The highest total cannibalism was found in the control treatment with a value of 58.67% (P <0.05). The administration of melatonin hormone did not affect the growth body weight and length of sea bass (P>0.05). Increasing dose melatonin beyond 10 µg/g fish tends to increase cannibalism. These results indicate the administration of melatonin hormone at a dose of 10 µg/g fish is the optimal dose to reduce cannibalism and increase fry survival, which is expected to increase the productivity of sea bass hatcheries. Keywords: aggressiveness, Asian seabass, cannibalism, melatonin   Abstrak Kanibalisme merupakan salah satu penyebab rendahnya tingkat kelangsungan hidup benih kakap putih akibat sifat agresivitasnya. Hormon melatonin merupakan hormon yang dapat memodulasi interaksi agresif pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh hormon melatonin terhadap tingkat kanibalisme ikan kakap putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan, yaitu kontrol (tanpa pemberian hormon melatonin), melatonin dosis 5, 10, dan 15 µg/g ikan. Pemberian hormon dilakukan secara oral melalui suplementasi pakan. Benih kakap putih yang digunakan berukuran panjang rata-rata 2,82 ± 0,41 cm dan berat rata-rata 0,53± 0,08 g. Padat tebar yaitu 2 ekor/L. Benih kakap putih dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan sistem flow through dan pemberian pakan sebanyak tiga kali sehari secara restricted (Feeding rate 15%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hormon melatonin dapat menurunkan tingkat kanibalisme, meningkatkan kadar hormon melatonin, cenderung meningkatkan hormon estradiol 17β, dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar glukosa tubuh benih kakap putih. Melatonin dosis 10 µg/g ikan dapat mengurangi tingkat kanibalisme sebesar 40,67% (P<0,05). Total kanibalisme tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan kontrol dengan nilai sebesar 58,67% (P<0,05). Pemberian hormon melatonin tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bobot dan panjang tubuh benih kakap putih (P>0,05). Peningkatan dosis melatonin melebihi 10 µg/g ikan cendrung meningkatkan kanibalisme. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hormon melatonin dosis 10 µg/g ikan merupakan dosis optimal untuk mengurangi kanibalisme dan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup benih, sehingga diharapkan  dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pembenihan kakap putih. Kata kunci: agresivitas, kakap putih, kanibalisme, melatoni

Portable NIR Spectroscopy for Cocoa Bean Re-fermentation Analysis: A Rapid and Reliable Technique

Portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers may examine samples directly on-site, speeding up data gathering. However, the NIR spectrometer has a limited wavelength, ranging from 740 to 1,070 nm, whereas previous studies used a longer wavelength. The research aims to determine the fermentation index, pH, and moisture content of fermented dry cocoa beans using a portable Near-Infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The NIR spectra were preprocessed using several methods, including the Savitzky-Golay first and second derivatives (SG1 and SG2), Linear Baseline Correction (LBC), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), comparative Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) modeling, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). To simulate different fermentation levels, unfermented cacao beans underwent pretreatment fermentation for durations of 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The prediction outcomes of ANN models, when applied to dried fermented cocoa beans with data preprocessing, offered better results in comparison to PLSR models, with strong correlation, lowest RMSEC, and highest residual predictive value. The most effective method for predicting fermentation index was ANN combined with LBC preprocessing, while optimal pH models were applied using the SG2 method. The effective moisture content models were developed using MSC preprocessing. The analytical approach of portable NIR spectroscopy produced rapid and accurate results to determine the quality of ground-dried cacao bean fermentation.Portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers may examine samples directly on-site, speeding up data gathering. However, the NIR spectrometer has a limited wavelength, ranging from 740 to 1,070 nm, whereas previous studies used a longer wavelength. The research aims to determine the fermentation index, pH, and moisture content of fermented dry cocoa beans using a portable Near-Infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The NIR spectra were preprocessed using several methods, including the Savitzky-Golay first and second derivatives (SG 1 and SG2), Linear Baseline Correction (LBC), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), comparative Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) modeling, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). To simulate different fermentation levels, unfermented cacao beans underwent pretreatment fermentation for durations of 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The prediction outcomes of ANN models, when applied to dried fermented cocoa beans with data preprocessing, offered better results in comparison to PLSR models, with strong correlation, lowest RMSEC, and highest residual predictive value. The most effective method for predicting fermentation index was ANN combined with LBC preprocessing, while optimal pH models were applied using the SG2 method. The effective moisture content models were developed using MSC preprocessing. The analytical approach of portable NIR spectroscopy produced rapid and accurate results to determine the quality of ground-dried cacao bean fermentation

Menilai Pemulihan Ekologis: Analisis Ekonomi Lingkungan terhadap Remediasi Tanah Terkontaminasi Minyak di Hutan Hujan Tropis

The hydrocarbon contamination affects approximately 5.9 ha of soil in Sultan Syarif Hasyim Grand Forest Park (Tahura SSH), a tropical rainforest in Riau Province, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the costs required to rehabilitate petroleum-contaminated soil and evaluate the economic significance of ecological restoration in a 5.9 ha area designated in Tahura SSH. This study provides a novel economic framework for assessing ecological damage and guiding recovery in a hydrocarbon-impacted area, integrating the Replacement Cost Method (RCM) through restoration cost calculations and the Resource Equivalence Analysis (REA) to assess and compensate for environmental damage-related losses. The study results show that the three main remediation technologies selected, bioventing, bioaugmentation & biostimulation, and ex-situ landfarming, were used to remediate oil-contaminated soil in Tahura SSH. The highest remediation costs are exsitu landfarming, followed by bioaugmentation and biostimulation, and then bioventing. The ex-situ land farming method incurred the highest remediation costs. Nevertheless, it causes ecological harm in the SSH Tahura Area. REA determined that the area required to replace oil-contaminated land should be twice the baseline from 5.9 ha to 12.8 ha. Furthermore, the compensation paid by REA for environmental damage exceeded the initial assessment by 116.1% compared to using the Replacement Cost Method (Bioaugmentation & Biostimulation, Bioventing, and Ex-Situ Landfarming). This study offers stakeholders guidance on determining a fair environmental value for oil-contaminated soil. Future studies Hutan hujan tropis, ekosistem global yang vital, menghadapi degradasi parah akibat aktivitas antropogenik, termasuk pencemaran minyak yang meluas. Artikel penelitian ini menyajikan penilaian ekonomi pemulihan ekologi di area hipotetis seluas 5,9 hektar yang terdampak hidrokarbon di dalam Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Syarif Hasyim, Provinsi Riau. Menggunakan Metode Biaya Penggantian, studi ini memperkirakan pengeluaran ekonomi yang terkait dengan tiga teknologi remediasi utama: bioventing, bioaugmentasi & biostimulasi, dan ex-situ landfarming. Secara bersamaan, Analisis Kesetaraan Sumber Daya (REA) digunakan untuk mengukur nilai ekologi layanan yang hilang dan mengarahkan restorasi kompensasi. Penilaian ini menjelaskan dampak lingkungan pencemaran minyak terhadap tanah, vegetasi, dan satwa liar, serta merinci biaya dan efektivitas setiap pendekatan remediasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya remediasi sebagai kompensasi lingkungan untuk pencemaran minyak di hutan adalah bioventing (1.547.100,62), bioaugmentasi & biostimulasi (1.584.994,61), dan ex-situ landfarming ($2.624.841,35), masing-masing. Penerapan terintegrasi Metode Biaya Penggantian dan REA menyediakan kerangka kerja komprehensif untuk menilai kerusakan lingkungan, meningkatkan penilaian sumber daya alam dan lingkungan sebesar 46,6%, serta memberikan informasi untuk strategi pengelolaan adaptif guna pemulihan ekologi jangka panjang di hutan hujan tropis yang rentan.   Translated with DeepL.com (free version

A Bibliometric Analysis on Public-Private Partnerships in Forest Management Using Bibliometrix R-Studio

The paper thereby joins the discussion on the fast-changing research landscape of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in forest management, providing a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. A dataset of 241 documents is retrieved from the Scopus database, whose analyses are done using advanced bibliometric tools available within the Bibliometrix package in R Studio. The study maps the intellectual structure of the field, identifies its key themes, and traces their evolution from 1987 to 2024. The bibliometric approach allows for the identification of core authors, influential journals, leading institutions, and geographical distribution of contributions, thereby painting a clear picture of the knowledge dynamics within the domain. The findings underline the central place PPP holds in the face of such global challenges as climate change, preservation of biodiversity, and sustainable development but bring into sharper focus the governance and institutional frameworks that underpin these partnerships. Special attention is paid to the policy discourses and academic debates surrounding PPP arrangements, especially in developing countries where forest governance is often contested. This paper identifies major emerging trends in future research, in particular, the integration of cutting-edge technologies like machine learning. It fills this critical gap with a holistic overview of the current state of the art in forest management PPPs, thus offering useful insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who want to enhance the effectiveness of such partnerships in achieving sustainable environmental outcomes

Anti-Aging and Antioxidant Activities of Clitoria ternatea L. Flower Extract

Aging is influenced by several factors, including Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). An imbalance of higher ROS and lower antioxidants may lead to oxidative stress in cells that is manifested as wrinkles, dark spots, and fine lines. Antioxidants can prevent the effects of ROS. Safe and abundant sources of antioxidants can come from natural ingredients. One of the natural ingredients widely studied is Clitoria ternatea flower extract (CFE). This study aims to report the CFE potential as an anti-aging and antioxidant agent. Gallic acid and quercetin standards were used to measure the total flavonoid and phenolic content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl (OH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging, while anti-aging activity was evaluated by collagenase and elastase inhibition tests. CFE showed high phenol and flavonoid content (14.49 μg GAE/mg and 9.00 μg QE/mg). CFE also has OH and NO scavenging activity with IC50 18.39 and 31.11 μg/mL, which exhibited antioxidant potential. CFE also showed potential to inhibit collagenase (IC50 = 177.48 μg/mL) and inhibit elastase (IC50 = 30.88 μg/mL). CFE may serve as a promising candidate with antioxidant and anti-aging properties

Laporan Kasus: Proses Asuhan Gizi Terstandar pada Pasien Miastenia Gravis dengan Disfagia dan Malnutrisi: Case Report: Nutrition Care Process in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis, Dysphagia, and Malnutrition

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by impaired transmission at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness. Oropharyngeal muscle involvement frequently causes dysphagia, which can significantly impair oral intake and increase the risk of malnutrition. This case report describes the implementation of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) in a patient with myasthenia gravis complicated by dysphagia and severe malnutrition, as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and evaluates changes in nutritional and clinical status during hospitalization. The patient was a 36-year-old male presenting with severe malnutrition, evidenced by a 42% unintentional weight loss over 16 months and a body mass index (BMI) of 12.58 kg/m². Nutritional management was initiated progressively, beginning with enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube, followed by a gradual transition to combined enteral and oral feeding according to swallowing function and gastrointestinal tolerance. Nutritional interventions and patient responses were monitored over an 18-day hospitalization period using anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, clinical assessments, and dietary intake evaluation. Energy intake was gradually increased from 1,500 kcal/day to 2,100 kcal/day, while protein intake rose from 71 g/day to 89 g/day. No clinical or biochemical signs of refeeding syndrome were observed throughout the intervention. Improvements in nutritional intake were accompanied by a 2 kg increase in body weight, resulting in an increase in BMI to 13.15 kg/m². Clinical outcomes also improved, as indicated by a reduction in the Myasthenia Gravis Composite Score from 6 to 2, reflecting enhanced swallowing function and neuromuscular strength. This case underscores the importance of individualized, progressive nutritional management supported by interdisciplinary collaboration in improving nutritional status and clinical outcomes in patients with myasthenia gravis and dysphagia. Appropriate implementation of the Nutrition Care Process plays a crucial role in supporting recovery and optimizing quality of life in this vulnerable population.Myasthenia gravis adalah gangguan neuromuskular autoimun kronis yang ditandai dengan gangguan transmisi di persimpangan neuromuskular, yang menyebabkan kelemahan otot rangka yang fluktuatif. Keterlibatan otot orofaringeal seringkali menyebabkan disfagia, yang dapat mengganggu asupan oral dan secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko malnutrisi. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan penerapan asuhan gizi pada pasien dengan miastenia gravis yang disertai disfagia dan malnutrisi berat, sesuai dengan kriteria Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), serta mengevaluasi perubahan status gizi dan klinis selama rawat inap. Subjek adalah seorang pria berusia 36 tahun yang mengalami malnutrisi berat, ditandai dengan penurunan berat badan tidak disengaja sebesar 42% selama 16 bulan dan indeks massa tubuh (BMI) 12,58 kg/m². Pengelolaan gizi dilakukan secara bertahap, dimulai dengan pemberian nutrisi enteral melalui selang nasogastrik (NGT), diikuti dengan transisi bertahap ke kombinasi nutrisi enteral dan oral berdasarkan kemampuan menelan dan toleransi gastrointestinal. Intervensi gizi dan respons pasien dipantau selama masa rawat inap 18 hari menggunakan pengukuran antropometri, parameter biokimia, penilaian klinis, dan evaluasi asupan diet. Selama intervensi, tidak terdapat tanda klinis atau biokimia sindrom refeeding. Asupan energi meningkat dari 1.500 kkal/hari menjadi 2.100 kkal/hari, sementara asupan protein meningkat dari 71 g/hari menjadi 89 g/hari. Peningkatan ini disertai dengan kenaikan berat badan sebesar 2 kg, yang mengakibatkan peningkatan BMI menjadi 13,15 kg/m². Hasil klinis juga membaik, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan Skor Komposit Myasthenia Gravis (MGCS) dari 6 menjadi 2, yang menunjukkan peningkatan fungsi menelan dan kekuatan neuromuskular. Kasus ini menyoroti peran kritis manajemen nutrisi yang disesuaikan secara individual dan progresif, didukung oleh kolaborasi interdisipliner, dalam meningkatkan status gizi dan hasil klinis pada pasien dengan myasthenia gravis dan disfagia. Terapi gizi medis yang tepat sangat penting dalam mendukung pemulihan dan mengoptimalkan kualitas hidup pada populasi yang rentan ini.

Combination Effect of Culture Media and Silver Nanoparticle on the Effectiveness of Tobacco Anther Regeneration

Anther culture is an effective biotechnological approach to accelerate the production of homozygous lines in tobacco breeding. This study evaluated the interaction between culture media (Murashige and Skoog/MS and Chu’s N6) and silver nanoparticle (AgNP) concentrations on in vitro anther regeneration of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with ten treatment combinations consisting of two basal media and five AgNP concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 ppm), each replicated three times. Quantitative parameters included callus formation, shoot regeneration, rooting response, regeneration percentage, and contamination rate. MS medium supplemented with 2.5 ppm AgNPs (K2) produced the optimal response, showing 100% callus formation and the highest shoot regeneration percentage (89%). Root formation was observed only in treatments K2 and K4. In contrast, higher AgNP concentrations (≥7.5 ppm), particularly in Chu’s N6 medium, significantly reduced regeneration percentages (ANOVA, p<0.05). The promotive effect of low AgNP concentration is associated with suppression of ethylene activity, antimicrobial action, and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which collectively enhance cell division and organogenesis. These findings indicate that MS medium supplemented with 2.5 ppm AgNPs is optimal for tobacco anther regeneration and suitable for doubled-haploid production