Sailing the Archipelago in a boat of rhymes

The extremely popular poetic form from Insular Southeast Asia, the pantun, travelled from its unknown source throughout the Malay Archipelago, first in Malay, then in the languages of Southeast Asia. In the ports and states where they were received, local colour, other idiosyncrasies, references, and linguistic characteristics have been added, and in fact, special forms with special names developed. This basic form is known, composed, and loved in at least 40 dialects of Malay, and 35 non-Malay languages, in the Peninsula and many of the islands of Malaysia and Indonesia. It spread through trade routes, ports, and also via diasporas and colonial economic projects which caused numerous peoples to move, who in turn brought the pantun along with them. It is now the most dynamic single literary form and has the longest history.KEYWORDSDiaspora, pantun, poetry, trade routes, early kingdoms of Nusantara

Hang Tuah Bercakap Oghang Puteh : Terjemahan dan Penjelmaan Hang Tuah dalam Bahasa Eropah

Karya agung dan persoalan sesebuah bangsa sering menyeberang ke dalam bahasa dan kesedaran bangsa lainnya. Ramayana, melalui Rama dan Sita, diterjemahkan dan dijelmakan dalam tak kurang sepuluh bahasa besar, termasuk Jawa, Thai, Vietnam, Singalese, Kampuchea, Melayu dan Bali. Begitu juga karya Hamlet dan King Lear diterjemahkan dalam berpuluh bahasa, termasuk dalam bahasa Melayu-Indonesia

Bahawa Aku Pernah Hidup : Zurinah Hassan Sebagai Pentafsir Waktu dan Peristiwa

Sudah menjadi semacam piawai tradisional bahawa watak wanita harus lembut, cantik, menyerahkan kehidupannya pada suami atau lelaki, dan sekiranya dia muda dan cantik harus menyiapkan diri untuk menarik perhatian bakal suami atau lelaki umumnya. Inilah di antara beberapa nilai yang diperturunkan masyarakat Melayu untuk dipatuhi wanita supaya dapat dianggap sebagai wanita yang berbudi bahasa

Ruang Luas dan Rencam Penyelidikan Sastera Cham

Sebuah bangsa yang dinamis biasanya ditunjangi juga oleh sebuah masyarakat yang dinamis. Masyarakat inilah yang mencipta sastera yang melukis perjalanan bangsa itu, tempat permulaannya, kejayaannya dan juga kekalahannya. Dalam garis-garis yang mungkin lebih imaginatif dilukis juga jiwa dan perasaannya menghadapi alam dan cabaran peristiwa serta sejarah (serta kewujudan antarabangsanya) Oleh yang demikian di halaman dan katanya kita akan dapat membaca bukan saja wajah persekitaran, susun-lapis manusianya, tetapi juga jiwa bangsa itu, melalui centa, puisi dan persembahan pentasnya. Semua hasil ini sangat penting untuk kita lihat rangkaian nilainya kehidupan bermasyarakatnya, unggul-unggulannya dan kebangsaannya dan tidak lupa pula kebijaksanaan bangsa itu dalam pemikiran dan teknologinya

Improving Conceptual Knowledge and Soft Skills among Vocational Students through Inquiry-Based Learning in a Flipped Classroom

This study investigated the efficacy of inquiry-based learning (IBL) in a flipped classroom in enhancing vocational students’ conceptual knowledge and inquiry skills of vocational students. We conducted IBL interventions in a flipped classroom through a pre-experimental design (i.e., one-group pretest-posttest approach). A total of 14 second-year students of the HNTec in Agro-technology programme in one of the vocational schools in Brunei Darussalam were conveniently sampled. Data were collected through achievement tests and online interviews, and analysed using the paired sample t-test, the Wilcoxon-signed rank test, and thematic analysis.  The findings showed that the IBL intervention in a flipped classroom improved the conceptual knowledge and inquiry skills of vocational students. There were significant differences (p=0.001<0.05) between the pretest and posttest scores of students’ conceptual knowledge: declarative, procedural, and semantic, and the dimensions of inquiry skills: observation, questioning, hypothesising, investigation and interpretation. Students reported positive perceptions toward IBL in a flipped classroom although they faced accessibility and adaptability challenges. This study concluded that IBL in a flipped lesson environment enhances the conceptual knowledge and inquiry skills that are fundamental in developing soft skills among vocational students. Recommendations were made based on the need to ensure a simultaneous use of IBL and flipped pedagogical approaches in vocational education

Effects of propellant fabrication on the design for N-class KNSB solid rocket motor

In the age of the Internet of Things (IoT), satellite launching has become more common than in the past decades. To date, the rocket system is the only means of bringing satellites into Earth’s orbit. However, the technology is very localized, and Malaysia is still in an embryonic stage. The main motivation is to produce a reliable rocket motor using relatively cheap and easily available resources. In this thesis, the best manufacturing casting method that yields more than 95% density ratio was studied for KNSB sugar-based propellant. The N-Class SRM was fabricated, tested and discussed. Each propellant manufacturing method was repeated for three samples and the sample density was calculated. The fabricated SRM was static test fired and the results were discussed with root cause analysis. The results were compared with the theoretical and discuss. The findings from the test static test show that the ejection of the nozzle during the static firing test is most probably case by the external and internal voids caused by the manufacturing method. The suggested method is to change from cartridge form to case-bonded propellant and use compression during casting to remove the internal air bubble that produced internal void

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Hikayat Hang Tuah Jilid 1

398 p.; ill.; 24 cm

An Antgology of Contemporary Malaysian Literature

xlv.413 hal.;22 c