Desenvolvimento e efetivação judicial das normas constitucionais

Orientador : Clemerson Merlin CleveDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ParanaBusca o presente trabalho conferir nova abordagem ao terna da aplicabilidade das normas constitucionais, partindo-se de visão crítica da teoria exposta na obra "Aplicabilidade das normas constitucionais", de José Afonso da Silva, assimilada pela doutrina e jurisprudência pátrias. Defende-se que a questão da aplicabilidade das normas constitucionais é muito mais um problema de repartição de competência entre Legislativo e Judiciário, especificamente dos limites à atuação deste, do que propriamente de classificação abstraía das normas constitucionais segundo a linguagem empregada no texto respectivo. Chega-se à conclusão de que todas as normas constitucionais podem ser invocadas como razões de decidir em casos concretos, podendo-se delas extrair, conforme argumentação adequada e observados certos limites à atuação judiciária, a regra de direito que determinará o resultado do julgamento. Dentre os limites à atuação judicial, destacam-se a "reserva de consistência", consistente na necessidade de demonstrar, através de argumentos convincentes, o acerto da interpretação judicial de determinada norma constitucional, inclusive sua superioridade em relação a, acaso existente, interpretação legislativa, e a "reserva do possível", limite específico para desenvolvimento e efetivação de direitos cuja viabilização demanda a existência de determinadas condições materiais. Esses limites não são, porém, intransponíveis, ficando sua determinação sujeita à prática judiciária, o que permite avanço no tocante ao desenvolvimento e efetivação judicial das normas constitucionais

Crime de lavagem de dinheiro

Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra. STJ00084421 343.72(81) M867

Jurisdiçao constitucional como democracia

Orientador : Marçal Justen FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias JurídicasO século XX assiste o triunfo da democracia. Não deixa de ser paradoxal a expansão e o fortalecimento, também nesse século, da jurisdição constitucional. Entre democracia e jurisdição constitucional há uma complexa relação de complementação e de tensão. O objetivo deste trabalho é defender a jurisdição constitucional como instituição compatível com o regime democrático. Não se defende que ela é absolutamente compatível com a democracia. Nem se defende o contrário, ou seja, que é absolutamente incompatível. A jurisdição constitucional pode ou não mostrar-se compatível com a democracia, o que depende da forma de atuação do juiz constitucional. Pode ele agir como um obstáculo à democracia, mas pode também contribuir para o seu aprofundamento. Sem prescindir da experiência histórica e do exame das várias teorias acerca da legitimidade da jurisdição constitucional, conclui-se que o juiz constitucional deverá, a fim de adequar sua atividade às exigências democráticas, alternar, não arbitrariamente, a autocontenção judicial com o ativismo judicial, o que implica a adoção de padrões de controle de constitucionalidade de intensidade diversa

Biochar reduces the efficiency of nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) mitigating N2O emissions

Among strategies suggested to decrease agricultural soil N2O losses, the use of nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) has been proposed. However, the efficiency of DMPP might be affected by soil amendments, such as biochar, which has been shown to reduce N2O emissions. This study evaluated the synergic effect of a woody biochar applied with DMPP on soil N2O emissions. A incubation study was conducted with a silt loam soil and a biochar obtained from Pinus taeda at 500 degrees C. Two biochar rates (0 and 2% (w/w)) and three different nitrogen treatments (unfertilized, fertilized and fertilized + DMPP) were assayed under two contrasting soil water content levels (40% and 80% of water filled pore space (WFPS)) over a 163 day incubation period. Results showed that DMPP reduced N2O emissions by reducing ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) populations and promoting the last step of denitrification (measured by the ratio nosZI + nosZII/nirS + nirK genes). Biochar mitigated N2O emissions only at 40% WFPS due to a reduction in AOB population. However, when DMPP was applied to the biochar amended soil, a counteracting effect was observed, since the N2O mitigation induced by DMPP was lower than in control soil, demonstrating that this biochar diminishes the efficiency of the DMPP both at low and high soil water contents.This work was funded by the Spanish Government (AGL2015-64582-C3-2-R MINECO/FEDER), by the Basque Government (IT-932-16) and by the European Union (FACCE-CSA no 276610/MIT04-DESIGN-UPVASC, FACCE-CSA no 2814ERA01A and 2814ERA02A). This work is also supported by the USDA/NIFA Interagency Climate Change Grant Proposal number 2014-02114 [Project number 6657-12130-002-08I, Accession number 1003011] under the Multi-Partner Call on Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research of the FACCE-Joint Program Initiative. Any opinions, findings, or recommendation expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. MLC was supported by a Ramon y Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and thanks Fundacion Seneca for financing the project 19281/PI/14

Dialogyca en el mundo real y virtual

El proyecto “Dialogyca en el mundo real y virtual” se presenta como continuación del anterior “Dialogyca: los diálogos como punto de encuentro filológico entre lenguas y culturas”, realizado durante el curso 2019-2020. La base para ambos reside en el trabajo realizado desde hace más de una década por el Grupo de estudios de Prosa hispánica Bajomedieval y Renacentista (eProMyR) del Instituto Universitario Menéndez Pidal, que ha considerado esencial, desde sus inicios, establecer sinergias entre investigación, docencia y transferencia de conocimiento. Por ello, tanto en el anterior proyecto como en este se agrupa a miembros de la comunidad universitaria de diversas categorías: profesores permanentes, profesores temporales, personal de apoyo a la investigación, investigadores en formación y estudiantes de Grado y de Máster. Todos ellos colaboran en la realización de diferentes actividades (análisis de obras, de ediciones impresas, dramatizaciones, propuestas de creación literaria, etc.) con el objetivo prioritario de establecer una red de trabajo que favorezca el aprendizaje integral de los alumnos más allá del aula, su primer acercamiento a las actividades de un grupo de investigación, así como formación en facetas clave para un posible futuro en el ámbito investigador. El género que da unidad a este proyecto es el diálogo literario, una modalidad literaria que se remonta a la Antigüedad clásica y que ha pervivido hasta nuestros días, con especial éxito en periodos y culturas como la bajomedieval y renacentista, el Siglo de Oro, la Ilustración y desde la Edad de Plata a nuestros días. Por sus características intrínsecas, se muestra especialmente orientado al didactismo, algo que percibieron muchos de los autores que se decantaron por él para expresar sus ideas o teorías sobre los más variados temas. Su versatilidad lo ha hecho idóneo para tratar materias como la aritmética, medicina, física, filosofía…, es decir, a través de estas obras se puede contemplar una perspectiva panorámica sobre la historia de la ciencia y el pensamiento. Por ello, se considera un género apropiado para que el alumno ejercite su capacidad argumentativa al mismo tiempo que se acerca al conocimiento de los fundamentos de culturas y sociedades de distintas épocas, algo indispensable para el desarrollo de una actitud crítica y a la vez respetuosa y abierta. Así, este proyecto se plantea utilizar el género del diálogo como recurso didáctico y objeto de indagación para proporcionar al alumno conocimientos esenciales del ámbito de las Humanidades, en especial, del filológico, pero también de otras disciplinas, a través de acciones dentro y fuera del aula, de forma presencial y a distancia

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research