Efficacy of combined sialendoscopic-assisted surgery in management of submandibular sialolithiasis: a systematic review

Abstract Background The introduction of sialendoscopy has been a major step forward in providing an accurate means of diagnosing and locating submandibular sialolithiasis, also in permitting minimally invasive surgical treatment that can successfully manage those stones aiming for gland preservation. Methods We conducted a systemic review to assess the efficacy and safety of combined sialendoscopic assisted surgery in the management of submandibular sialolithiasis. This study included published medical articles from 2000 till 2022 concerning the efficacy and safety of combined sialendoscopic-assisted surgery in management of submandibular sialolithiasis searching Medline database (PubMed), Web of Science, Springer, Cochrane library, EMBASE. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed and analyzed. Results The success rate of combined sialendoscopic assisted surgery in management of submandibular sialolithiasis is 0.955% with 95% CI: (91.4% to 98.5). The overall percentage of sialadenectomy cases in the included studies is 2%. The overall percentage of complications in the included studies is 8%. Conclusion Combined sialendoscopic-assisted surgery is efficient and safe in management of submandibular sialolithiasis

Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects

Recently, exogenous α-Lipoic acid (ALA) has been suggested to improve the tolerance of plants to a wide array of abiotic stresses. However, there is currently no definitive data on the role of ALA in wheat plants exposed to sodic alkaline stress. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of foliar application by ALA at 0 (distilled water as control) and 20 µM on wheat seedlings grown under sodic alkaline stress (50 mM 1:1 NaHCO3 & Na2CO3; pH 9.7. Under sodic alkaline stress, exogenous ALA significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved growth (shoot fresh and dry weight), chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and Chl a + b, while Chl a/b ratio was not affected. Moreover, leaf relative water content (RWC), total soluble sugars, carotenoids, total soluble phenols, ascorbic acid, K and Ca were significantly increased in the ALA-treated plants compared to the ALA-untreated plants. This improvement was concomitant with reducing the rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and H2O2. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) demonstrated greater activity in the ALA-treated plants compared to the non-treated ones. Conversely, proline, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX), Na and Na/K ratio were significantly decreased in the ALA-treated plants. Under sodic alkaline stress, the relative expression of photosystem II (D2 protein; PsbD) was significantly up-regulated in the ALA treatment (67% increase over the ALA-untreated plants); while Δ pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter protein of salt overly sensitive gene (SOS1) and tonoplast-localized Na+/H+ antiporter protein (NHX1) were down-regulated by 21, 37 and 53%, respectively, lower than the ALA-untreated plants. These results reveal that ALA may be involved in several possible mechanisms of alkalinity tolerance in wheat plants

Folic Acid Reinforces Maize Tolerance to Sodic-Alkaline Stress through Modulation of Growth, Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms

The mechanism by which folic acid (FA) or its derivatives (folates) mediates plant tolerance to sodic-alkaline stress has not been clarified in previous literature. To apply sodic-alkaline stress, maize seedlings were irrigated with 50 mM of a combined solution (1:1) of sodic-alkaline salts (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3; pH 9.7). Maize seedlings under stressed and non-stressed conditions were sprayed with folic acid (FA) at 0 (distilled water as control), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM. Under sodic-alkaline stress, FA applied at 0.2 mM significantly improved shoot fresh weight (95%), chlorophyll (Chl a (41%), Chl b (57%), and total Chl (42%)), and carotenoids (27%) compared to the untreated plants, while root fresh weight was not affected compared to the untreated plants. This improvement was associated with a significant enhancement in the cell-membrane stability index (CMSI), relative water content (RWC), free amino acids (FAA), proline, soluble sugars, K, and Ca. In contrast, Na, Na/K ratio, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), and methylglycoxal (MG) were significantly decreased. Moreover, seedlings treated with FA demonstrated significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to the untreated plants. The molecular studies using RT-qPCR demonstrated that FA treatments, specifically at 0.2 mM, enhanced the K+/Na+ selectivity and the performance of photosynthesis under alkaline-stress conditions. These responses were observed through up-regulation of the expression of the high-affinity potassium-transporter protein (ZmHKT1), the major core protein of photosystem II (D2-Protein), and the activity of the first enzyme of carbon fixation cycle in C4 plants (PEP-case) by 74, 248, and 225% over the untreated plants, respectively. Conversely, there was a significant down-regulation in the expression ZmSOS1 and ZmNHX1 by 48.2 and 27.8%, respectively, compared to the untreated plants

Kreislaufstillstand unter besonderen Umständen: Elektrolytstörungen, Vergiftungen, Ertrinken, Unter-kühlung, Hitzekrankheit, Asthma, Anaphylaxie, Herzchirurgie, Trauma, Schwangerschaft, Stromunfall

Soar J, Perkins GD, Abbas G, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 8. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances: Electrolyte abnormalities, poisoning, drowning, accidental hypothermia, hyperthermia, asthma, anaphylaxis, cardiac surgery, trauma, pregnancy, electrocution. Resuscitation. 2010;81(10):1400-1433

Kreislaufstillstand in besonderen Situationen

Truhlář A, Deakin CD, Soar J, et al. Kreislaufstillstand in besonderen Situationen. Notfall + Rettungsmedizin. 2015;18(8):833-903