Determining the Dynamic Settlement of the Foundation Adjacent to Slope Using Analytical Method

Based on field studies, the topographic slope effects worsen the structural damage in an earthquake. It is very vital to determine the amount of foundation settlement adjacent to the slope. In this study, a new analytical model is proposed to determine the amount of vertical settlement of the shallow foundation near the slope. In this analytical model, the inertia force due to the sliding zone mass is considered in the dynamic equilibrium equations. Moreover, it was assumed that stiffness and damping under the foundation linearly increased as the distance from the slope edge increased. In this case, the maximum stiffness and damping at a distance five times as large as the foundation width from the slope edge were considered to be the same as maximum stiffness and damping in the non-slope scenario. The foundation was loaded harmonically by changing the frequency. Comparing the results of this study with the laboratory results leads to this observation that the offered analytical model can well determine the settlement located near the slope. Furthermore, the results showed that the settlement of the foundation near the slope edge was twice as large as the settlement in the absence of a slope. Also, the settlement of the foundation became equal to that of the non-slope foundation at a distance of 4 times as large as the foundation width from the slope edge. Furthermore, with increasing slope angle and declining the foundation distance from the slope edge, due to vertical harmonic load, the foundation settlement amount increases

The effect of depth variation on size and catch rate of green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan, 1884) in Bushehr coastal waters, Northern Persian Gulf

Catch data of Penaeus semisulcatus were collected for three years (2009-2011) during the period of June to August to estimate the effect of depth variation on length frequency and catch rate (Kg h-1) of the species. No difference was observed between the shallow and deeper catch rate (ANOVA test, P > 0.05). However, the size composition of green tiger shrimp were affected by depth variation (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, P < 0.05) and were positively correlated with depth (P < 0.05 and r = 0.140). The smaller individuals prefer shallow waters, indicating behaviour differences between the juveniles and adults of this species. The positive correlation between size of shrimp and water depth can be attributed to the behaviour predation.Keywords: Green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus, catch rate, depth variation, Persian GulfAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(20), pp. 3058-306

The effects of fin parameters on the solidification of PCMs in a fin-enhanced thermal energy storage system

In the present study, a triplex-tube, employing fin-enhanced phase change materials (PCMs), as a thermal energy storage (TES) system was studied numerically. The main flaw of the PCMs is their low thermal conductivity that restricts their e ectiveness for energy storage applications. Metallic (copper) fins are added to the geometry of the system to improve their function by extending the heat transfer area. The e ects of the presence, configuration, and dimensions of copper fins were investigated to understand the best design for minimizing the solidification time and achieving the best performance enhancement for the TES system selected for this study. The results revealed that the best performance belonged to fins with a mix configuration, with an attachment angle of 90 and the length and width of 28 mm and 1 mm, respectively. Using this configuration could reduce the required time for complete solidification by around 42% compared to the system without fins. Moreover, it was concluded that increasing the length of the fin could o er its positive e ect for enhancing the performance of TES system up to an optimal point only while increasing the width showed a diverse influence. Furthermore, the angles between the tube surface and the fin direction were investigated and 90 was found to be the best choice for the TES case selected in this study. In addition, placement of the fins on the surface of internal or external tube or mix method did not show a significant e ect while placing the fins on the external surface of the tube showed even a negative impact on the performance of the TES system compared with when no fins were applied.http://www.mdpi.com/journal/energiesam2020Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

Determination of sustainable exploitation level of Penaeus semisulcatus in Bushehr province water

This study was carried out in Bushehr province waters (49ْ 40"E and 30ْ 00"N to 52ْ 00"E and 27ْ 40"N) in July and August 2010-2011. The objectives of this study were to determine the opening and closure periods of shrimp and to estimate of the shrimp biomass in the study area. Based on the total length, the opening season of shrimp fishery in 2010 and 2011 were proposed on 12 and 22rd of July, respectively. The closed season was determined based on the remaining of 20% of shrimp stock and proposed on 12 and 29th of August, respectively. The primary estimation of the biomass in these years was 840 and 455 metric tons, respectively. While the total catch were estimated 847 and 859 tones in these years. During this study 9 species of the penaeid and solenoserid species were identified. The percentage of the green tiger prawn to the other species in the study years were 73% and 92%, respectively

Efficiency of shrimp trawl nets polyamide and polyethylene with standard mesh in the coastal waters of Bushehr Province

This study was carried out in August – september 2009 in Bushehr province waters. Two different shrimp bottom trawls were used in which were woven by Poly Amid and Poly Ethylene with mesh sizes (stretched) of 50 mm and sack with 35 mm. Also 2 different vessels of two dhows and one steel ship each with 26 and 30 hauls were used and taken in to comparison from point of obtained results. Total catch of PA and PE trawels were 4592 and 5535 kg of which the ratio of shrimp catch and by catch for PA trawl was 32.4 and 67.6 % respectively; and for PE trawl was 34.2 and 65.8%. Total catch of PA and PE trawls of steel trawler ( ship ) were estimated 3158.0 and 4784.7 kg, respectively, of which the shrimp/ bycatch ratio was 6.6 : 93.4%. There was a higher amount of bycatch for PE comparing to PA trawl (p<0.05). on the other hand the decrease of shrimp and bycatch for PA comparing to PE dhow trawlers were 21.3 and 15.0% and for ship were 34.6 and 34.0% respectively. The weight ratio is 1:15 i.e . in PE ship trawl, in proportion to on kg shrimp, 15 kg bycatch was harvested. it is proposed to standardize the mesh size and also to do obligtory the instal of squared mesh size panel

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Prediction of the Load-Bearing Behavior of SPSW with Rectangular Opening by RBF Network

As a lateral load-bearing system, the steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is utilized in different structural systems that are susceptible to seismic risk and because of functional reasons SPSWs may need openings. In this research, the effects of rectangular openings on the lateral load-bearing behavior of the steel shear walls by the finite element method (FEM) is investigated. The results of the FEM are used for the prediction of SPSW behavior using the artificial neural network (ANN). The radial basis function (RBF) network is used to model the effects of the rectangular opening in the SPSW with different plate thicknesses. The results showed that the opening leads to reduced load-bearing capacity, stiffness and absorbed energy, which can be precisely predicted by employing RBF network model. Besides, the suitable relative area of the opening is determined

Prediction of the Load-Bearing Behavior of SPSW with Rectangular Opening by RBF Network

As a lateral load-bearing system, the steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is utilized in different structural systems that are susceptible to seismic risk and because of functional reasons SPSWs may need openings. In this research, the effects of rectangular openings on the lateral load-bearing behavior of the steel shear walls by the finite element method (FEM) is investigated. The results of the FEM are used for the prediction of SPSW behavior using the artificial neural network (ANN). The radial basis function (RBF) network is used to model the effects of the rectangular opening in the SPSW with different plate thicknesses. The results showed that the opening leads to reduced load-bearing capacity, stiffness and absorbed energy, which can be precisely predicted by employing RBF network model. Besides, the suitable relative area of the opening is determined

Determination food regime of Treadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) in Bushehr province, Persian Gulf

This study has aimed to determine the food regime of Nemipterus japonicus in Bushehr province water, between Bushehr and Nyband using the vacant stomach index (VI), food behavior index (FB) and gonado-somatic index (GSI) in 2012-2013. Two hundred sixteen filled stomach, 14 semi- filled stomach and 215 empty stomach were analyzed. Small fish and Crustaceans were constituated main and secondry foods with 51.03% and 15.66% respectively. Mollusca were random food (5.52%). VI of stomach was estimated 48.32%. This value demonstrated that this species was moderate feeder. The result of Non-Parametric Multi-Divisional Scaling, shows the stomach contents difference between length classification. Also, determined some independent population which different length group, has no overlap from feed aspect