The Effects of Grass Carp on Aquatic Plants, Plankton and Benthos in Ponds

The effects of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.)on aquatic plant biomass, water quality, phytoplankton, chlorophyll a, zooplankton and benthic fauna were investigated between May and September 2000 in earthen ponds at Cifteler- Sakaryabasi Aquaculture and Research Station. (PDF has 8 pages

The effect of Curcumin on apoptosis in experimental fibrosarcoma model

Fibrosarkom, görülme sıklığı %2-3 olan ve sağ kalım oranı %50 olarak bildirilen bir yumuşak doku sarkomudur. Tedavide kullanılan lokal ekzisyon, radyoterapi ve kemoterapi yöntemleri her zaman başarılı olamayabilmektedir. Apoptoz programlanmış hücre ölümüdür. Bcl-2 ve bax, apoptoza aracılık eden bcl ailesine ait proteinlerdir. Bax proteini apoptotik, Bcl-2 proteini antiapoptotik etkiye sahiptir. Kanser tedavisinde kanserli hücrelerin apoptoza götürülerek temizlenmesi temel tedavi stratejisini oluşturmaktadır. Curcumin son yıllarda apoptotik etkisi ve bu etki nedeniyle kanserde tedavi amaçlı kullanımı çok araştırılan doğal bir moleküldür. Bu çalışmanın amacı; curcuminin fibrosarkom üzerine apoptotik etkisini ve Bcl-2, Bax proteinlerinin ekspresyonlarının nasıl etkilendiğini incelemektir. Çalışmaya 24 adet Wistar Albino erkek sıçan alındı. Sıçanlar kontrol (n=8), fibrosarkom (n=6), fibrosarkom+curcumin tedavi (n=5), sadece curcumin grubu (n=5) olmak üzere dört gruba ayrıldı. Fibrosarkom ve fibrosarkom+curcumin tedavi gruplarına 3-metilkolantren (3-MC) uygulayarak fibrosarkom modeli oluşturuldu. Daha sonra fibrosarkom+curcumin tedavi grubuna ve sadece curcumin grubuna gavaj yoluyla 10 gün sıçan başına 200 mg curcumin verildi. Apoptozun saptanması için doku kesitlerinde tunel yöntemi kullanılarak apoptotik hücre sayımı yapıldı. Bcl-2 ve bax proteinlerinin ekspresyonları Western blot ve immunohistokimyasal yöntemler kullanılarak gösterildi. Apoptotik hücreler fibrosarkom+curcumin grubunda fibrosarkom grubuna göre anlamlı olarak artmış bulundu (p=0.006). Sadece curcumin uygulanan grup ve kontrol grubu arasında değişiklik olmadığı görüldü.(p=0.448). Fibrosarkomda curcumin tedavisinin Bcl-2 protein ekspresyonunu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmamakla birlikte belirgin şekilde azalttığı saptandı (p=0.068). Bax ekspresyonu ise tedavi ile değişiklik göstermedi (p=0.223). Bizim çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, curcuminin fibrosarkom dokusu üzerine güçlü şekilde apoptotik etki yaptığını ve bu etkide bcl-2 ekspresyonunun rolü olduğunu, ancak Bcl-2 ekspresyonundaki azalmanın apoptotik hücre sayısındaki artış kadar güçlü olmaması nedeniyle, muhtemelen curcuminin apoptotik etkisinde farklı mekanizmaların da rol oynuyor olabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, curcumin normal dokuda apoptotik/antiapoptotik etki veya nekroz oluşturmamıştır. Curcuminin, fibrosarkomda tedavi amaçlı kullanımına yönelik farklı dozlar ve sürelerde ve ayrıca radyoterapi ve kemoterapi ile de kombine kullanıldığı ileri çalışmalar yapılması gereklidir.Fibrosarcomais a soft tissue sarcom. Itis reported that the density of visibilitiy is %2-3 and the rate of remain alive is %50. The methods of local removal, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which are used in treatment can't be succesfull everytime. Apoptosis is a cell death which is programmed. Bcl-2 and Bax are proteins which belong to Bcl family and they mediate apoptosis. Bax protein has apoptotic effect and Bcl-2 protein has antiapoptotic effect. In cancer treatment, the clearance of taking cancerous cell to apoptosis composes the strategy of basic treatment. The fact that curcumin has apoptotic effect and is usage fort he purpose of cancer treatment because of this effect is natural molecule which has been searched in recent years. The aim of this study is invastigation apoptotic effect of curcumin on fibrosarcoma and whether expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins changed. 24 Wistar Albino male rats were taken in this study. Rats were divided into four groups: Control group (n=8), fibrosarcoma group (n=6), Fibrosarcoma + curcumin tretment group (n=5) only curcumin group (n=5). Fibrosarcom model was formed by applying 3-Metilcholantren (3-MC) to fibrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma + curcumin treatment groups. Then fibrosarcoma + curcumin treatment group and only curcumin group were given 200 mg curcumin for each rat viagavaj for ten days. To fix apoptosis, apoptotic cell counting was done by being used tunel method in tissue sections. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were fixed by being used Western Blot and immunohistochemical methods. It was found that in comparison with fibrosarcoma group, apoptotic cell increased significantly in fibrosarcoma + curcumin group (p=0.006). It was seen that there was no difference between the group which was only applied for curcumin and control group (p=0,448). It was also seen that curcumin treatment reduced Bcl-2 protein expression importantly in fibrosarcoma (p=0,068). But it was not significant statistically. Bax expression not changed in fibrosarcoma + curcumin treatment group, comparison to fibrosarcoma group (p=0,223) Results which we gained in our study show that curcumin has strong apoptotic effect on fibrosarcoma tissue, Bcl-2 expression plays part in this effect, but different mechanisms have an influence on apoptotic effect of curcumin because of decrease in Bcl-2 expression isn't as powerful as increase in apoptotic cell number. Besides, curcumin doesn't form apoptotic/antiapoptotic effect or necrosis in normal tissue. It is necessary that further studies must be done in different doses and periods with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and curcumin must be used in fibrosarcoma for the purpose of treatment in these furter studies

SOLUTIONS FOR THE FRACTIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DIFFUSION PROCESS

In this research we present two new approaches with Laplace transformation to form the truncated solution of space-time fractional differential equations (STFDE) with mixed boundary conditions. Since order of the fractional derivative of time derivative is taken between zero and one we have a sub-diffusive differential equation. First, we reduce STFDE into either a time or a space fractional differential equation which are easier to deal with. At the second step the Laplace transformation is applied to the reduced problem to obtain truncated solution. At the final step using the inverse transformations, we get the truncated solution of the problem we consider it. Presented examples illustrate the applicability and power of the approaches, used in this study

Covid 19 Salgınında Nomofobi ve Psikolojik Sağlamlığın Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

Amaç: Araştırma Sars-Coronavirus-2 salgınında bireylerde nomofobi ve psikolojik sağlamlığın bazı değişkenlere göre incelenebilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılan araştırma, Ağustos- Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında, kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılabilen ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 1047 kişi ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler “Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu”, “Nomofobi Ölçeği” ve “Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS-25 paket programında yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Sars-Coronavirus-2 salgınında katılımcıların %69.5’inin telefon kullanımının önceye oranla artığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Cinsiyet, aile tipi, ekonomik durum, vücut ağırlığı, telefon kullanım süresi değişkenlerinin psikolojik sağlamlıkla; yaş, telefon kullanım süresi, vücut ağırlığı değişkenlerinin ise nomofobi ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nomofobi ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasında düşük düzeyde negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç ve Öneriler: Katılımcıların Covid-19 salgınında telefon kullanma sürelerinin değiştiği, nomofobinin düşük düzeyde arttığı, bu durumun psikolojik sağlamlığı etkilediği saptanmıştır. Bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlıklarını korumak için teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin farkındalık eğitimlerinin verilmesi önerilmektedir

Congenital Portal Vein Aneurysm Associated with Peliosis Hepatis and Intestinal Lymphangiectasia

Portal vein aneurisym (PVA), peliosis hepatis (PH) and intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) all are very uncommon entities. Herein, we presented a unique patient with these three rare entities who was admitted to our hospital because of portal hypertensive ascites rich in protein and lymphocyte. PVA was extrahepatic and associated with coronary vein aneurysm. Peliosis hepatis was of microscopic form. Lymphangiectasia was present in peritoneum and small intestine. Diagnoses of these rare entities were made by imaging techniques and histopathological findings. Patient also had hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction narrowing. Best of our knowledge, there is no such a case reported previously with the association of PVA, PH and IL. Therefore, we propose PVAPHIL syndrome to define this novel association

Mikrodeformasyon ile Yüzey Özellikleri Değiştirilen 316L Paslanmaz Çeliğin Sentetik Vücut Sıvısı ile Etkileşimi

Bu çalışmada ortopedik uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan bir biyomedikal alaşım olan 316L paslanmaz çelik yüzeyinde mikro sertlik ölçüm cihazı kullanılarak mikrodeformasyon alanları oluşturulmuş ve elde edilen farklı yüzey desenlerinin biyouyumluluğa etkisi sentetik vücut sıvısı içi statik daldırma deneyleri ile test edilmiştir. 7 ve 21 günlük daldırma periyotlarının ardından örnek yüzeyleri oksit ve kalsiyum-fosfatlı yapıların çökelmesi, sıvılar ise iyon salımı açısından incelendiğinde, her iki açıdan da oluşturulan farklı mikrodeformasyon desenlerinin kontrol numunesine kıyasla iyileştirme sağladığı saptanıştır. Oluşturulan desenler arasında ise iz boyutu büyük, izler arası mesafesi geniş olan paternin optimum özellikleri sağlayan yüzey olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve sıvı içi oksit ve kalsiyum-fosfatlı yapıların çökelmesi arasında bir doğru orantı tespit edilememiş, bu da yüzey enerjisini belirlemede mikrodeformasyonun mikroyapısal mekanizmalar üzerindeki etkisinin daha belirleyici olabileceğine dair ön bulgular ortaya koymuştur

The Etiological Factors of Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers

Background/aims: We aimed to determine the etiology of patients with duodenal and gastric ulcers. Methods: 140 patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer between April 2002-2009 were enrolled in this prospective study. Two biopsy specimens were collected from the antrum and corpus for histology and one for rapid urease testing, and stool samples were analyzed for Helicobacter pylori antigen. Serum calcium and gastrin levels were also analyzed. Results: 82 (58%) patients were male, with a median age of 47.70 +/- 15.03 years (range: 16-92). The ulcer was located in the duodenum in 96 patients, stomach in 40, and both duodenum and stomach in 4. The rates of patients positive for Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool, positive in urease testing and positive for Helicobacter pylori presence in antral and corpus samples were 48%, 52%, 67%, and 60%, respectively. 107 (76%) patients were positive for Helicobacter pylori in one of the test methods. 64 (46%) patients had a history of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use within the last month. Mean levels of calcium and gastrin were 9.29 +/- 0.40 (7.90-10.20) and 73.96 +/- 89.88 (12.86-562.50), respectively. Gastrin level was correlated to inflammatory activity (p<0.05). 19 (13.6%) of the patients were negative for Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and hypersecretory illness, and were classified as idiopathic. Conclusions: The most common cause of duodenal and gastric ulcer was Helicobacter pylori, and it was responsible for three-fourths of the cases. About half of the patients had a history of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and Helicobacter pylori were both responsible for the ulcer in three-fourths of these patients. In about one-tenth of the patients, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use was the cause of ulcer alone, and about one-tenth of the ulcers were classified as idiopathic

Atomoxetine treatment may decrease striatal dopaminergic transporter availability after 8 weeks: pilot SPECT report of three cases

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. The pathophysiology is thought to involve noradrenaline and dopamine. The role of dopamine transporter (DAT) was evaluated in imaging studies using mostly dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Here we report the results of a pilot study conducted to evaluate changes in striatal DAT after 8 weeks of atomoxetine treatment. Our results suggest that 8 weeks of atomoxetine treatment may change striatal DAT bioavailability as measured via SPECT but that change was not correlated with genotype or clinical improvement

Real-World Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Turkey: A Multicenter Retrospective Study, Bosphorus Retina Study Group Report No: 1

Objectives: To evaluate the real-world outcomes of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. Materials and Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional, non-comparative study. The records of nAMD patients treated with an anti-VEGF agent on a pro re nata treatment regimen basis between January 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. The patients who completed a follow-up period of 12 months were included. Primary outcome measures of this study were the visit and injection numbers during the first year. Results: Eight hundred eighty eyes of 783 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Mean number of visits at month 12 was 6.9±2.5 (range: 1-15). Mean number of injections at month 12 was 4.1±1.9 (range: 1-11). Mean visual acuity at baseline and months 3, 6, and 12 was 0.90±0.63 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), 0.79±0.57 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), 0.76±0.57 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), and 0.79±0.59 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), respectively. Mean central retinal thickness at baseline and months 6 and 12 was 395±153 μm (range: 91-1582), 330±115 μm (range: 99-975), and 332±114 μm (range: 106-1191), respectively. Conclusion: The numbers of visits and injections were much lower than ideal and were insufficient with the pro re nata treatment regimen

X-ray emission from the Sombrero galaxy: discrete sources

We present a study of discrete X-ray sources in and around the bulge-dominated, massive Sa galaxy, Sombrero (M104), based on new and archival Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~200 ks. With a detection limit of L_X = 1E37 erg/s and a field of view covering a galactocentric radius of ~30 kpc (11.5 arcminute), 383 sources are detected. Cross-correlation with Spitler et al.'s catalogue of Sombrero globular clusters (GCs) identified from HST/ACS observations reveals 41 X-rays sources in GCs, presumably low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We quantify the differential luminosity functions (LFs) for both the detected GC and field LMXBs, whose power-low indices (~1.1 for the GC-LF and ~1.6 for field-LF) are consistent with previous studies for elliptical galaxies. With precise sky positions of the GCs without a detected X-ray source, we further quantify, through a fluctuation analysis, the GC LF at fainter luminosities down to 1E35 erg/s. The derived index rules out a faint-end slope flatter than 1.1 at a 2 sigma significance, contrary to recent findings in several elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31. On the other hand, the 2-6 keV unresolved emission places a tight constraint on the field LF, implying a flattened index of ~1.0 below 1E37 erg/s. We also detect 101 sources in the halo of Sombrero. The presence of these sources cannot be interpreted as galactic LMXBs whose spatial distribution empirically follows the starlight. Their number is also higher than the expected number of cosmic AGNs (52+/-11 [1 sigma]) whose surface density is constrained by deep X-ray surveys. We suggest that either the cosmic X-ray background is unusually high in the direction of Sombrero, or a distinct population of X-ray sources is present in the halo of Sombrero.Comment: 11 figures, 5 tables, ApJ in pres