CUTANEOUS PENILE AND SCROTAL METASTASES FROM RECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA - CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Penile and scrotal metastases from rectal adenocarcinoma are rare and usually indicate advanced disease with poor prognosis. We report a 59-year-old male with locally advanced rectal cancer presenting with rectal bleeding. Imaging revealed a circumferential distal rectal tumor with extensive mesorectal, iliac, and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Elevated CEA and CA 19-9 were noted. The patient underwent neoadjuvant treatment. Twelve weeks later, multiple nodular and ulcerative lesions appeared on the penis, scrotum, inguinal region, and mons pubis. Skin biopsy confirmed metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma. Palliative colostomy was performed due to intestinal obstruction, but the patient died shortly after. Retrograde venous and lymphatic spread were likely mechanisms of metastasis. No standardized treatment exists; management is largely palliative. This case highlights an atypical and aggressive metastatic pattern of rectal adenocarcinoma. Awareness of cutaneous penoscrotal metastases is crucial, although the prognosis remains poor. Key words: rectal adenocarcinoma, penile metastasis, scrotal metastasis, surgery

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE IN SERBIA: A SEVEN-DIMENSION ASSESSMENT

Occupational health and safety (OHS) culture is central to decent work (Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.8) and a key lever of organisational resilience. This paper assesses OHS culture in Serbia using a cross-sectional survey structured around seven dimensions: vision, credibility, collaboration, feedback and recognition, responsibility, communication, and action orientation. Responses are summarised at dimension levels and interpreted against a desired, improvement-oriented state embedded in the instrument. The analysis highlights uneven maturity across dimensions and identifies concrete opportunities to strengthen day-to-day safety practices and learning routines. In light of these gaps, a prioritised improvement pathway for organisations is proposed: (i) making leadership commitment visible and credible; (ii) institutionalising joint problem-solving and open communication; (iii) systematising feedback and recognition to reinforce desired behaviours; and (iv) introducing a set of leading indicators to guide continuous improvement. The study provides a multi-dimensional baseline for Serbia and a clear set of actionable pathways for practitioners and policymakers seeking to enhance workplace well-being and resilience while advancing the decent-work agenda

DIVERSION COLITIS - MINI REVIEW

Diversion colitis refers to inflammatory condition of the defunctionalized colon or rectum following fecal diversion, with possible clinical significance primarily for surgical practice. To review current understanding of diversion colitis from a surgical point of view, emphasizing on pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and therapeutic strategy. Incidence is high histologically whereas less than half of patients become symptomatic. In the center of pathogenesis are loss of short-chain fatty acids and microbiome disruption. Endoscopy with biopsy confirms diagnosis. Ostomy reversal remains the most definitive treatment. Short chain fatty acids enemas and topical agents are alternatives for patient not suited for surgery. Diversion colitis highlights the importance of intraluminal nutrition for colorectal mucosal integrity and supports timely restoration of continuity when feasible

OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS AND CONGESTION IN CITIES THROUGH THE USE OF ECO-FRIENDLY MINIBUSES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

he application of modern technologies in combination with logistics centers in the public passenger transportation system can contribute to reducing fuel consumption, preserving the environment, and increasing driving comfort. This work examines the door-to-door passenger transport model as one of the ways for smart traffic management, but also as a means of improving driving comfort, primarily for people with special needs or those requiring constant medical care, etc. Modern technologies include the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning and vehicles powered by alternative fuels in city transport. In the paper, the regional significance of the proposed eMiniBuS project is examined as a first step toward sustainable mobility in the region. The study shows that implementing a door-to-door transportation system with eco-friendly minibuses could reduce the number of passenger vehicles by up to 50% over six years in medium-sized cities, leading to lower CO₂ emissions and improved accessibility. The use of natural gas, hydrogen, and electric vehicles, combined with intelligent management systems, significantly enhances energy efficiency and supports sustainability goals

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF VALVE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE ON WATER HAMMER

There are various causes of water hammer, one of which is the control valve, a component found in most hydraulic systems. This paper examines the impact of inherent and installed control valve characteristics on hydraulic transient regimes. It is well known that guide vanes or nozzles are the primary flow control devices for hydro turbines, while the main turbine inlet valves are the secondary devices, and one of their tasks is to interrupt water supply to the turbine in case of failure of the primary regulators. Three typical inherent valve characteristic curves were selected and their installed characteristics were determined for two derivation pipeline diameters, after which three valve closure times were analyzed, starting from the nominal operating regime. Numerical analyses of unsteady flow regimes are used to obtain pressure distributions and max/min pressure envelopes during water hammer. In order to improve the system's characteristics in unsteady flow regimes, variable speed actuators were analyzed, new valve closing laws were designed, and possible performance improvements were quantified and proposed for practical engineering applications

FORENSIC AND SOCIOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF STRAY DOGS BITES

Dog bites represent an increasingly significant medical, public health, and legal issue, particularly in urban areas with a high number of stray dogs. Alongside actual injuries, there is a growing number of false bite reports aimed at obtaining unlawful financial compensation. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of injuries reported as dog bites in southeastern Serbia during 2022, determine the frequency of falsely reported cases, and identify changes in dog bite frequency in 2023 and 2024. Data were collected from the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Niš, including 443 reported cases. Each case was analyzed for cause, type, location of injury, and demographic characteristics of the injured individuals. In 87.58% of cases, the bite was confirmed as authentic, while 4.74% were determined to be falsely reported. Individuals aged 51 to 70 years were most frequently affected, and the lower limbs were the most common injury location. Most injuries were minor and occurred in the afternoon. No statistically significant change in the frequency of false reporting was observed from 2022 to 2024. The calculated slope of -12.50 and p-value of 0.6166 indicate no statistically significant trend in total dog bite reports. This study highlights the need for a systematic approach, including improved stray dog control, enhanced shelter infrastructure, and the development of forensic protocols to distinguish between real and false bite injuries. Such measures could reduce both the legal and financial burden on local communities

THE SINGLE CUT-OFF CANNOT SEPARATE FASTING AND MEAN: HYPOGLYCEMIA, MID-RANGE GLYCEMIA AND HYPERGLYCEMIA IN AMI

Letter to Edito

EFEKAT RELATIVNE STAROSTI U SRPSKOM FUDBALU

The aim of this research was to examine the presence of Relative Age Effect (RAE) among professional football players in Serbia. The presence of RAE is reflected through the unequal distribution that favors players born closer to the selection cutoff date. The total sample included 913 professional football players in Serbia during the 2022/2023 season. A chi-square test (χ2) was used to determine differences in the distribution of players birthdays by quarters and post-hoc z-test with Bonferroni correction were applied for pairwise comparison between quarters. The results for the total sample indicate statistically significant differences in player representation (χ2 = 16.17, p = .001, ES = .078). The presence of the RAE was confirmed in the Serbian First League (χ2 = 15.94, p = .001, ES = .069), but not in the Super League (χ2 = 5.49, p = .139, ES = .063). No significant differences were found in the distribution of players from teams competing in the play OFF (χ2 = 5.53, p = .137, ES = .061) or play OUT (χ2 = 2.15, p = .543, ES = .034). Nevertheless, descriptive statistics show the highest representation of player born in Q1 in both groups. The results of this study confirm the presence of RAE among professional football players in Serbia; however RAE does not appear to be a factor that significantly affects team standings at the senior competition level. To mitigate the adverse effects of this phenomenon, it is necessary to modify talent identification strategies in Serbia.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita prisustvo efekta relativne starosti (RAE) kod profesionalnih fudbalera u Srbiji. Prisustvo RAE se ogleda kroz nejednaku raspodelu fudbalera koja favorizuje igrače rođene bliže početnom datumu u selektiranju. Ukupan uzorak je predstavljalo 913 profesionalnih igrača koji su nastupali u Srbiji tokom sezone 2022/2023. Hi-kvadrat test je korišćen za utvrđivanje razlika u distribuciji rođendana igrača po kvartalima, a post-hoc analiza z-test sa Bonferoni korekcijom je primenjena za poređenje između kvartala. Rezultati za ukupan uzorak pokazuju statistički značajne razlike prema zastupljenosti igrača po kvartalima (χ2 = 16.17, p = .001, ES = .078). Prisustvo fenomena RAE je potvrđeno u Prvoj ligi Srbije (χ2 = 15.94, p = .001, ES = .069), ali ne i u Super Ligi (χ2 = 5.49, p = .139, ES = .063). Nisu utvrđene značajne razlike u distribuciji igrača koji su igrali u play off (χ2 = 5.53, p = .137, ES = .061) kao i play out delu takmičenja (χ2 = 2.15, p = .543, ES = .034). Ipak, deskriptivna statistika pokazuje najveću zastupljenost igrača rođenih u Q1 za obe grupe. Rezultati ovog istraživanja potvrđuju prisustvo RAE kod profesionalnih fudbalera u Srbiji, ali ukazuju na to da RAE nije faktor koji značajno utiče na plasman timova u seniorskoj konkurenciji. Kako bi se ublažili nepovoljni efekti ovog fenomena neophodno je modifikovati strategiju identifikacije talentovanih igrača u Srbiji

FIZIČKE I FIZIOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE VESLAČA JUNIORSKE KATEGORIJE

This systematic review examines the physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics of junior (U19) rowers. Rowing is a demanding endurance sport that combines aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscular strength, motor precision, and mental resilience. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies published from 1997 to 2024 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, CEEOL, and additional sources. Of the 217 records identified, 20 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The primary outcome was that the 2000 m ergometer performance; 1500 m and on-water data were considered as justified proxies when directly informative for U19 athletes. Key parameters evaluated were anthropometry and body composition, VO₂max and other aerobic indices, anaerobic power and maximal strength, motor abilities (especially coordination and explosive power), and psychological factors (resilience and stress management). Findings highlight the importance of height and limb length for biomechanical efficiency, VO₂max for sustained race pace, and anaerobic capacity for decisive start/finish phases. Lower limb strength and explosive motor abilities are consistently associated with better ergometer and on-water performance. Psychological resilience and effective stress management further differentiate high performing juniors. Practical implications include integrated development of aerobic and anaerobic capacities, targeted strength and power training, and systematic cultivation of psychological skills during adolescence, with routine monitoring of maturation. Longitudinal designs are recommended to track growth related changes and performance trajectories across U19 development. By consolidating current evidence, this review provides actionable guidance for talent identification and junior specific training strategies.Ovaj sistematski pregled ispituje fizičke, fiziološke i psihološke karakteristike juniorskih (U19) veslača. Veslanje je zahtevan sport izdržljivosti koji kombinuje aerobni i anaerobni kapacitet, mišićnu snagu, motoričku preciznost i mentalnu otpornost. Sledeći PRISMA smernice, analizirane su studije objavljene u periodu od 1997. do 2024. godine u bazama podataka PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, CEEOL i dodatnim izvorima. Od 217 identifikovanih radova, 20 je ispunilo kriterijume podobnosti i uključeno je u analizu. Primarni ishod bio je rezultat na testu veslačkog ergometra na 2.000 metara; podaci sa 1.500 metara i sa vode razmatrani su kao opravdane zamene kada su pružali relevantne informacije za U19 sportiste. Ključni procenjivani parametri obuhvatali su antropometriju i telesni sastav, VO₂max i druge aerobne pokazatelje, anaerobnu snagu i maksimalnu snagu, motoričke sposobnosti (posebno koordinaciju i eksplozivnu snagu) i psihološke faktore (otpornost i upravljanje stresom). Nalazi naglašavaju značaj telesne visine i dužine ekstremiteta za biomehaničku efikasnost, VO₂max za održavanje trkačkog tempa i anaerobnog kapaciteta za odlučujuće faze starta i finiša. Snaga donjih ekstremiteta i eksplozivne motoričke sposobnosti dosledno su povezane sa boljim rezultatima na ergometru i na vodi. Psihološka otpornost i efikasno upravljanje stresom dodatno diferenciraju najuspešnije juniore. Praktične implikacije uključuju integrisani razvoj aerobnih i anaerobnih kapaciteta, ciljani trening snage i eksplozivnosti, kao i sistematsko razvijanje psiholoških veština tokom adolescencije, uz redovno praćenje procesa sazrevanja. Preporučuju se longitudinalna istraživanja radi praćenja promena u rastu i razvoja performansi kroz U19 period. Konsolidacijom postojećih dokaza, ovaj pregled pruža primenljive smernice za identifikaciju talenata i juniorski specifične trenažne strategije

ON hα-IRRESOLUTE TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR SPACES

 In this paper, we defined and investigated a generalized type of topological vector space known as $h\alpha$-irresolute topological vector spaces by using the notion of $h\alpha$-open sets, which was given by Abdullah et al. \cite{8} in 2022. We explore and investigate several properties and characterizations of this new notion of $h\alpha$-irresolute topological vector space. Also we give the several characterizations of $h\alpha$-compact space and $h\alpha$-Hausdorff space. Furthermore, we show that an $h\alpha$-irresolute topological vector space is $h\alpha$-hausdorff iff one-point set in $\mathcal{X}$ is $h\alpha$-closed in $\mathcal{X}$