Enhancement of photoactivity and cellular uptake of (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(CH3COO)6] complex by loading on porous MCM-41 support. Photodynamic studies as an anticancer agent

The incorporation by ionic assembly of the hexanuclear molybdenum cluster (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(CH3CO2)6] (1) in amino-decorated mesoporous silica nanoparticles MCM-41, has yielded the new molybdenum-based hybrid photosensitizer 1@MCM-41. The new photoactive material presents a high porosity, due to the intrinsic high specific surface area of MCM-41 nanoparticles (989 m2 g-1) which is responsible for the good dispersion of the hexamolybdenum clusters on the nanoparticles surface, as observed by STEM analysis. The hybrid photosensitizer can generate efficiently singlet oxygen, which was demonstrated by using the benchmark photooxygenation reaction of 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABDA) in water. The photodynamic therapy activity has been tested using LED light as an irradiation source (λirr ~ 400-700 nm; 15.6 mW/cm2). The results show a good activity of the hybrid photosensitizer against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, reducing up to 70 % their viability after 20 min of irradiation, whereas low cytotoxicity is detected in the darkness. The main finding of this research is that the incorporation of molybdenum complexes at porous MCM-41 supports enhances their photoactivity and improves cellular uptake, compared to free clusters.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (grant RTI2018-101675-B-I00) is acknowledged. F.G. thanks Universitat Jaume I (grant UJI-B2021-51) for the financial support. R.M.-M. laboratory members thank the financial support from the Spanish Government (project RTI2018-100910-B-C41) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO 2018/024). The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (M.N.S.). C.T. acknowledges the Generalitat Valenciana for her postdoctoral fellowship (APOSTD/2019/121). R.G. thanks Universitat Jaume I for a postdoctoral fellowship (POSTDOC-B/2018/09). We would like to thank Prof. Iván Mora-Seró (INAM-UJI) for the singlet oxygen phosphorescence measurements. The help of Jean Colombari in the final phase of this work is also recognized. SCIC-UJI is acknowledged for the technical support

Photodynamic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Using a Hexanuclear Molybdenum Complex Embedded in Transparent polyHEMA Hydrogels

Three new photoactive polymeric materials embedding a hexanuclear molybdenum cluster (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(CH3COO)6] (1) have been synthesized and characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and emission spectroscopy. The materials are obtained in the format of transparent and thin sheets, and the formulations used to synthesize them are comprised of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), as a polymerizable monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), as cross-linkers. All the polymeric hydrogels generate singlet oxygen (1O2) upon irradiation with visible light (400–700 nm), as demonstrated by the reactivity toward two chemical traps of this reactive species (9,10-dimethylanthracene and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene). Some differences have been detected between the photoactive materials, probably attributable to variations in the permeability to solvent and oxygen. Notably, one of the materials resisted up to 10 cycles of photocatalytic oxygenation reactions of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. All three of the polyHEMA hydrogels doped with 1 are efficient against S. aureus biofilms when irradiated with blue light (460 nm). The material made with the composition of 90% HEMA and 10% PEGDMA (Mo6@polymer-III) is especially easy to handle, because of its flexibility, and it achieves a notable level of bacterial population reduction (3.0 log10 CFU/cm2). The embedding of 1 in cross-linked polyHEMA sheets affords a protective environment to the photosensitizer against aqueous degradation while preserving the photochemical and photobactericidal activity

Power processing unit for hall-effect thrusters on "Meteor-M №3 spacecraf"

The development results of power processing unit (PPU-M) for hall-effect thrusters on «Meteor-M №3» spacecraft are considered. The structure, weight, dimensions and main technical characteristics of the system in the paper are presented. The work peculiarity of the system is unstable input voltage of both power bus and control bus that increases the ripple voltages and currents at the input and the output and causes the additional requirements to the circuit design. A comparative analysis of the system characteristics and European analogs was carried out, and then a conclusion on the basis of available data that the characteristics of the system are not inferior to European analogs was made

Power processing unit for hall-effect thrusters on "Meteor-M №3 spacecraf"

The development results of power processing unit (PPU-M) for hall-effect thrusters on «Meteor-M №3» spacecraft are considered. The structure, weight, dimensions and main technical characteristics of the system in the paper are presented. The work peculiarity of the system is unstable input voltage of both power bus and control bus that increases the ripple voltages and currents at the input and the output and causes the additional requirements to the circuit design. A comparative analysis of the system characteristics and European analogs was carried out, and then a conclusion on the basis of available data that the characteristics of the system are not inferior to European analogs was made

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Stability in Hydrogen Evolution of Mo6 Iodide Clusters Supported on Graphene Oxide

Catalytic properties of the cluster compound (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] (TBA = tetrabutylammonium) and a new hybrid material (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO (GO = graphene oxide) in water photoreduction into molecular hydrogen were investigated. New hybrid material (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO was prepared by coordinative immobilization of the (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] onto GO sheets and characterized by spectroscopic, analytical, and morphological techniques. Liquid and, for the first time, gas phase conditions were chosen for catalytic experiments under UV¿Vis irradiation. In liquid water, optimal H2 production yields were obtained after using (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] and (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO) catalysts after 5 h of irradiation of liquid water. Despite these remarkable catalytic performances, ¿liquid-phase¿ catalytic systems have serious drawbacks: the cluster anion evolves to less active cluster species with partial hydrolytic decomposition, and the nanocomposite completely decays in the process. Vapor water photoreduction showed lower catalytic performance but offers more advantages in terms of cluster stability, even after longer radiation exposure times and recyclability of both catalysts. The turnover frequency (TOF) of (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO is three times higher than that of the microcrystalline (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6], in agreement with the better accessibility of catalytic cluster sites for water molecules in the gas phase. This bodes well for the possibility of creating {Mo6I8}4+-based materials as catalysts in hydrogen production technology from water vaporThis research was funded by the Severo Ochoa Program, grant number SEV-2016-0683, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, grant number PGC2018-099744, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, grant number I-Link1063, and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant number 18-33-20056

International Large Detector: Interim Design Report

The ILD detector is proposed for an electron-positron collider with collision centre-of-mass energies from 90~\GeV~to about 1~\TeV. It has been developed over the last 10 years by an international team of scientists with the goal to design and eventually propose a fully integrated detector, primarily for the International Linear Collider, ILC. In this report the fundamental ideas and concepts behind the ILD detector are discussed and the technologies needed for the realisation of the detector are reviewed. The document starts with a short review of the science goals of the ILC, and how the goals can be achieved today with the detector technologies at hand. After a discussion of the ILC and the environment in which the experiment will take place, the detector is described in more detail, including the status of the development of the technologies foreseen for each subdetector. The integration of the different sub-systems into an integrated detector is discussed, as is the interface between the detector and the collider. This is followed by a concise summary of the benchmarking which has been performed in order to find an optimal balance between performance and cost. To the end the costing methodology used by ILD is presented, and an updated cost estimate for the detector is presented. The report closes with a summary of the current status and of planned future actions