Strain engineering of the silicon-vacancy center in diamond

We control the electronic structure of the silicon-vacancy (SiV) color-center in diamond by changing its static strain environment with a nano-electro-mechanical system. This allows deterministic and local tuning of SiV optical and spin transition frequencies over a wide range, an essential step towards multiqubit networks. In the process, we infer the strain Hamiltonian of the SiV revealing large strain susceptibilities of order 1 PHz/strain for the electronic orbital states. We identify regimes where the spin-orbit interaction results in a large strain susceptibility of order 100 THz/strain for spin transitions, and propose an experiment where the SiV spin is strongly coupled to a nanomechanical resonator

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Correlates of Patient Satisfaction in Psychiatric Inpatient Care A Survey Study from a Tertiary Hospital in Turkey

In the current study, a questionnaire to evaluate satisfaction levels and related factors upon discharge was completed by 100 patients receiving care for mental illness in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. The relationships among sociodemographic variables, nonpharmacological interventions, and participants' views about the treatment course and quality of care they received were investigated. Overall satisfaction levels of participants were good. Older participants reported more positive opinions. Involuntary hospitalization, use of restraints/seclusion, or electroconvulsive therapy did not change overall satisfaction. Participants who were hospitalized for the first time were more afraid of other patients, which may imply that this population needs special care from the treatment team. Spending an adequate amount of time and providing necessary information about their treatment plan impact patients' treatment experience positively

Analysis of Social Class by LCA in Patients with Schizophrenia: Change in Psychopathology after 12 Month of Treatment

WOS: 000264539000005Objective: The social factors may contribute to the heterogeneous course of schizophrenia and relationship between these factors and the level of care received is complex. Social factors may influence access to treatment and outcome of the disease. Current diagnostic systems classify longitudinal course of schizophrenia based on symptom patterns. We aimed to identify latent social classes in Turkish patients with schizophrenia who participated to IC-SOHO observational study. Latent class analysis may allow a physician to understand various patient social groups (social casemix) in a very heterogeneous patient data flow seen in everyday practice. Method: 692 outpatients with schizophrenia (ICD-10 or DSM-IV), who were initiated or switched to antipsychotic treatment, were included in this 3-year, non-interventional, prospective, observational study. Information regarding social functioning items including housing (independent, dependent, supervised, or hospitalized), work status (employed paid/unpaid, unemployed able to work/unable to work, or retired), number of social activities in past 4 weeks, and relationship with spouse or partner, were collected by interviewing the patients and relatives. We performed a latent class analysis acording to patient's indicators of social functioning to identify social classes. We compared mean change of psychopathology among social classes for all patients and for patients treated with antipsychotic monotherapy for one year. Results: Data for baseline indicators used in the casemix analysis were available for 614 patients. We identified 5 classes of patients (inactives, 38.9%; in a relationship, 29.5%; no relationship unemployed dependents, 15.3%; no relationship employed dependents, 11.6%; no relationship retirees, 4.8%) that share similar characteristics, (likelihood ratio chi-square=107.1, df=347) with 4 aspects of social functioning items. There was no statistical difference among social classes in the improvement of positive, negative, and overall symptom severity at the end of one year naturalistic follow-up. CGI-S score decreases from baseline for positive symptoms were significantly higher with atypical antipsychotics when compared to typicals. Conclusion: The categorical modeling of social functioning may be a simple and valid tool for the further exploration ofthe classes in schizophrenia patients. Testing for long-term efficacy of different treatments in the putative groups may provide valuable insight for functional outcomes of patients with schizophrenia

Şizofreni hastalarında sosyal sınıf analizi: 12 haftalık tedaviden sonra psikopatolojideki değişim

Amaç: Sosyal etkenler şizofreninin heterojen gidişine katkıda bulunabilir ve bu etkenler ile alınan bakımın düzeyi arasındaki ilişki karmaşıktır. Sosyal etkenler ilaca erişimi ve hastalığın sonlanımlarını etkileyebilir. Güncel tanısal sistemler şizofreninin uzunlamasına gidişini semptom şekillerine göre sınışar. Bu analizde, IC-SOHO gözlem çalışmasına katılan Türk şizofreni hastalarında latent sosyal sınışarı belirlemeyi amaçladık. Latent sınıf analizi, doktorun günlük pratiğinden kaynaklanan çok heterojen hasta verilerindeki farklı hasta sosyal gruplarını anlamasını mümkün kılabilir. Yöntem: Antipsikotik tedavi başlanan veya değiştirilen, şizofreni tanısı konulmuş (ICD–10 veya DSM-IV’ göre), 692 poliklinik hastası bu 3 yıllık prospektif gözlem çalışmasına girdi. Barınma şartları (bağımsız, bağımlı, gözetim altında veya hastanede yatarak), çalışma durumu (maaşlı/maaşsız çalışıyor, işsiz ama çalışabilir/ çalı şamaz veya emekli), son 4 haftadaki sosyal aktivite sayısı, eşi veya partneri ile ilişkisi dahil sosyal işlevsellikle ilgili bilgiler hastalar ve yakınları ile yapılan görüşme ile toplandı. Sosyal sınışarın belirlenmesi için sosyal işlevsellik göstergelerine dayalı latent sınıf analizi yapıldı. Tüm hastalar için ve bir yıl boyunca antipsikotik monoterapisi alan hastalar için sosyal sınışar arasında psikopatolojideki ortalama değişikliği karşılaştırdık. Sonuçlar: 614 hastanın casemix (karışık durum) analizinde kullanılan başlangıç göstergeleri verisi vardı. Sosyal işlevsellik maddeleri bakımından aynı özellikleri paylaşan (benzerlik oranı ki-kare=107.1, df=347) 5 hasta sınıfı belirledik (inaktişer %38.9; sosyal ilişkisi olanlar %29.5; sosyal ilişkisi olmayan işsiz bağımlılar %15.3; ilişkisi olmayan çalışan bağımlılar %11.6; sosyal ilişkisi olmayan emekliler %4.8). Bir yıllık doğal izlemin sonunda pozitif, negatif ve genel semptom şiddetinde iyileşmede sosyal sınışar arasında istatistiksel fark yoktu. Tartışma: Sosyal işlevselliğin kategorik modellenmesi, şizofreni hastalarında sınışarın daha ileri araştırılması için basit ve geçerli bir araç olabilir. Farklı tedavilerin uzun dönemli etkinliğinin kavramsal gruplarda değerlendirilmesi, şizofreni hastalarının işlevsellik sonlanımları hakkında çok değerli bilgiler sağlayabilir.Objective: The social factors may contribute to the heterogeneous course of schizophrenia and relationship between these factors and the level of care received is complex. Social factors may influence access to treatment and outcome of the disease. Current diagnostic systems classify longitudinal course of schizophrenia based on symptom patterns. We aimed to identify latent social classes in Turkish patients with schizophrenia who participated to IC-SOHO observational study. Latent class analysis may allow a physician to understand various patient social groups (social casemix) in a very heterogeneous patient data flow seen in everyday practice. Method: 692 outpatients with schizophrenia (ICD-10 or DSM-IV), who were initiated or switched to antipsychotic treatment, were included in this 3-year, non-interventional, prospective, observational study. Information regarding social functioning items including housing (independent, dependent, supervised, or hospitalized), work status (employed paid/unpaid, unemployed able to work/unable to work, or retired), number of social activities in past 4 weeks, and relationship with spouse or partner, were collected by interviewing the patients and relatives. We performed a latent class analysis acording to patient's indicators of social functioning to identify social classes. We compared mean change of psychopathology among social classes for all patients and for patients treated with antipsychotic monotherapy for one year. Results: Data for baseline indicators used in the casemix analysis were available for 614 patients. We identified 5 classes of patients (inactives, 38.9%; in a relationship, 29.5%; no relationship unemployed dependents, 15.3%; no relationship employed dependents, 11.6%; no relationship retirees, 4.8%) that share similar characteristics, (likelihood ratio chi-square=107.1, df=347) with 4 aspects of social functioning items. There was no statistical difference among social classes in the improvement of positive, negative, and overall symptom severity at the end of one year naturalistic follow-up. CGI-S score decreases from baseline for positive symptoms were significantly higher with atypical antipsychotics when compared to typicals. Conclusion: The categorical modeling of social functioning may be a simple and valid tool for the further exploration of the classes in schizophrenia patients. Testing for long-term efficacy of different treatments in the putative groups may provide valuable insight for functional outcomes of patients with schizophreni