Development of a simpliifed method for the quantification of visible reflectance

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en la adaptación y desarrollo de metodologías para la caracterización de la reflectancia visible de materiales con distintos grados de permeabilidad a la luz –cortinas roller screencon instrumental de mediano y bajo costo, y evaluar su grado de ajuste respecto a la metodología propuesta por estándares a nivel internacional. El trabajo se estructura en cuatro etapas: 1) determinación de la reflectancia espectral en espectrorradiómetro y cálculo de la reflectancia visible para cada uno de los tejidos -considerados valores de referencia-; 2) determinación y cálculo de la reflectancia difusa hemisférica de los tejidos mediante el método adaptado de Akbari; 3) determinación y cálculo de la reflectancia difusa hemisférica de los tejidos mediante el método de reflectancia hemisférica; 4) análisis estadístico de los resultados. Se analizan once tejidos screen de diferentes colores y factores de apertura. Se concluye que las técnicas evaluadas resultan adecuadas para cuantificar de forma confiable, económica y simple, la reflectancia visible difusa de las cortinas roller screen con un error cuadrático medio inferior al 0,15, respecto a los valores obtenidos con la técnica de referencia.The main objective of this work is to advance in the adaptation and development of methods for the characterization of visible reflectance of materials with different degrees of permeability to light - roller screen curtains - with medium and low cost instruments, and to determine their degree of adjustment with respect to the methodology proposed by international standards. The work is divided into four sections: 1) determination of spectral reflectance in spectroradiometer and calculation of visible reflectance for each of the fabrics -considered as reference values-; 2) determination and calculation of hemispherical diffuse reflectance of the fabrics using the adapted Akbari method; 3) determination and calculation of hemispherical diffuse reflectance of the fabrics using the hemispherical reflectance method; 4) statistical analysis of the results. Eleven screen fabrics of different colors and openness factors are analyzed. It is concluded that the tested techniques are adequate to quantify in a reliable, economic and simple way, the diffuse visible reflectance of roller screen curtains with a mean square error lower than 0.15, with respect to the values obtained with the reference technique.Fil: Villalba, Ayelén María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Alchapar, Noelia Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Mercado, Hector Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Pattini, Andrea Elvira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Érica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentin

Development of a simpliifed method for the quantification of visible reflectance

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en la adaptación y desarrollo de metodologías para la caracterización de la reflectancia visible de materiales con distintos grados de permeabilidad a la luz –cortinas roller screencon instrumental de mediano y bajo costo, y evaluar su grado de ajuste respecto a la metodología propuesta por estándares a nivel internacional. El trabajo se estructura en cuatro etapas: 1) determinación de la reflectancia espectral en espectrorradiómetro y cálculo de la reflectancia visible para cada uno de los tejidos -considerados valores de referencia-; 2) determinación y cálculo de la reflectancia difusa hemisférica de los tejidos mediante el método adaptado de Akbari; 3) determinación y cálculo de la reflectancia difusa hemisférica de los tejidos mediante el método de reflectancia hemisférica; 4) análisis estadístico de los resultados. Se analizan once tejidos screen de diferentes colores y factores de apertura. Se concluye que las técnicas evaluadas resultan adecuadas para cuantificar de forma confiable, económica y simple, la reflectancia visible difusa de las cortinas roller screen con un error cuadrático medio inferior al 0,15, respecto a los valores obtenidos con la técnica de referencia.The main objective of this work is to advance in the adaptation and development of methods for the characterization of visible reflectance of materials with different degrees of permeability to light - roller screen curtains - with medium and low cost instruments, and to determine their degree of adjustment with respect to the methodology proposed by international standards. The work is divided into four sections: 1) determination of spectral reflectance in spectroradiometer and calculation of visible reflectance for each of the fabrics -considered as reference values-; 2) determination and calculation of hemispherical diffuse reflectance of the fabrics using the adapted Akbari method; 3) determination and calculation of hemispherical diffuse reflectance of the fabrics using the hemispherical reflectance method; 4) statistical analysis of the results. Eleven screen fabrics of different colors and openness factors are analyzed. It is concluded that the tested techniques are adequate to quantify in a reliable, economic and simple way, the diffuse visible reflectance of roller screen curtains with a mean square error lower than 0.15, with respect to the values obtained with the reference technique.Fil: Villalba, Ayelén María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Alchapar, Noelia Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Mercado, Hector Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Pattini, Andrea Elvira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Érica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentin

Hyperthermia studies using inductive and ultrasound methods on E. coli bacteria and mouse glioma cells

The survival of Escherichia coli bacteria and mouse glioma cells were studied under different temperatures using direct heating in water, ultrasound, and magnetic fluid hyperthermia. The survival of these microorganisms depended on whether the heating mode was continuous or discontinuous, surviving more in the former than in the discontinuous heating mode. Whereas Escherichia coli bacteria did not survive at temperatures ≥50∘C, the mouse glioma cells did not survive at temperatures ≥48∘C

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Deslumbramiento molesto en textiles: métricas basadas en efecto de saturación y/o contraste

Se evaluó el nivel de deslumbramiento producido por seis textiles diferentes. Este tipo de sistema de sombreado es comercializado sin una adecuada caracterización fotométrica, lo que conlleva a una aplicación inadecuada de los mismos. Para evaluar el deslumbramiento, se calcularon tres métricas a través de la técnica HDR. Estas métricas son: Iluminancia Vertical a Nivel de los Ojos (Ev), Índice de Deslumbramiento de la CIE (CGI) y Probabilidad de Deslumbramiento con Luz Natural (DGP) y están basadas en el efecto de saturación (Ev), contraste (CGI) o ambas (DGP). Asimismo, se evaluó qué métricas conviene utilizar, si una específica a la condición lumínica predominante o una métrica general aplicable a todas las condiciones lumínicas. En este estudio se observó que la métrica exclusivamente de contraste (CGI) fue más sensible que una métrica general (DGP). Asimismo, se observó que sólo un textil se destacó en cuanto al control de deslumbramiento: El 4308.The level of glare produced by six different textiles was evaluated. This type of shading system is marketed without an adequate photometric characterization, which leads to an inappropriate application of them. In order to evaluate glare, three metrics were calculated through the HDR image technique. These metrics are: Vertical Illuminance at Eye Level (Ev), Cie Glare Index (CGI) and Daylight Glare Probability (DGP). These metrics are based on the saturation effect (Ev), contrast (CGI) or both (DGP). Likewise, it was evaluated which metrics should be used, whether one specific to the predominant light condition or a general metric applicable to all lighting conditions. In this study, it was observed that the exclusively contrast metric (CGI) was more sensitive than a general metric (DGP). Likewise, it was observed that only one fabric was the best in terms of glare control: The 4308.Fil: Yamin Garretón, Julieta Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ayelén María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Roberto Germán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Pattini, Andrea Elvira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Mercado, Hector Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; ArgentinaXVI Encontro Nacional de Conforto no Ambiente Construído; XII Encontro Latino-Americano de Conforto no Ambiente ConstruídoPalmas-ToBrasilCentro de Ensino Superior de PalmasUniversidade Federal do TocantinsInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do TocantinsCentro Universitário Luterano de PalmasCentro Universitário Católica do Tocantin