Transformer-based normative modelling for anomaly detection of early schizophrenia

Despite the impact of psychiatric disorders on clinical health, early-stage diagnosis remains a challenge. Machine learning studies have shown that classifiers tend to be overly narrow in the diagnosis prediction task. The overlap between conditions leads to high heterogeneity among participants that is not adequately captured by classification models. To address this issue, normative approaches have surged as an alternative method. By using a generative model to learn the distribution of healthy brain data patterns, we can identify the presence of pathologies as deviations or outliers from the distribution learned by the model. In particular, deep generative models showed great results as normative models to identify neurological lesions in the brain. However, unlike most neurological lesions, psychiatric disorders present subtle changes widespread in several brain regions, making these alterations challenging to identify. In this work, we evaluate the performance of transformer-based normative models to detect subtle brain changes expressed in adolescents and young adults. We trained our model on 3D MRI scans of neurotypical individuals (N=1,765). Then, we obtained the likelihood of neurotypical controls and psychiatric patients with early-stage schizophrenia from an independent dataset (N=93) from the Human Connectome Project. Using the predicted likelihood of the scans as a proxy for a normative score, we obtained an AUROC of 0.82 when assessing the difference between controls and individuals with early-stage schizophrenia. Our approach surpassed recent normative methods based on brain age and Gaussian Process, showing the promising use of deep generative models to help in individualised analyses.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, presented at NeurIPS22@PAI4M

Mmp-2 And Mmp-9 activities and Timp-1 and Timp-2 expression in the prostatic tissue of two ethanol-preferring rat models

We investigated whether chronic ethanol intake is capable of altering the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression in the dorsal and lateral prostatic lobes of low (UChA) and high (UChB) ethanol-preferring rats. MMP-2 and MMP9 activities and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression were significantly reduced in the lateral prostatic lobe of the ethanol drinking animals. Dorsal prostatic lobe was less affected showing no significant alterations in these proteins, except for a reduction in the TIMP-1 expression in UChA rats. These important findings demonstrate that chronic ethanol intake impairs the physiological balance of the prostate extracellular matrix turnover, through downregulation of MMPs, which may contribute to the development of prostatic diseases. Furthermore, since these proteins are also components of prostate secretion, the negative impact of chronic ethanol intake on fertility may also involve reduction of MMPs and TIMPs in the seminal fluid2015COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação2011/03394-4; 2011/13713-

Brown howler monkey: alouatta guariba Humboldt, 1812

Alouatta guariba is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil and northeast Argentina. In the south, its distribution is limited by the Camaquã river basin (Printes et al. 2001) and to the north by the Paraguaçu river in the state of Bahia (Gregorin 2006; Neves et al. 2018). The western boundary is marked by the limits of the Atlantic Forest. It occurs in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Mendes et al. 2008, Bicca-Marques et al. 2018). In Argentina the species is limited to the province of Misiones (Agostini et al. 2017).Fil: Buss, Gerson. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação dos Primatas; BrasilFil: Oklander, Luciana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Bicca Marques, Júlio César. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Parana. Escola de Ciencias Da Vida.; BrasilFil: Hirano, Zelinda B.. Universidade Regional de Blumenau; BrasilFil: Chaves, Oscar M.. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Parana. Escola de Ciencias Da Vida.; BrasilFil: Mendes, Sergio L.. Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica; BrasilFil: Neves, Leonardo G.. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Melo, Fabiano R.. Universidade Federal de Viçosa.; BrasilFil: Rylands, Anthony B.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Jerusalinsky, Leandro. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação dos Primatas Brasileiros; Brasi

Uma discussão sobre atividades de monitoria: estudo de caso da disciplina metrologia da FEM/UFPA

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a atividade de monitoria ministrada no ano de 2019 na disciplina de Metrologia para a turma do segundo semestre do curso de engenharia mecânica da Universidade Federal do Pará, e também discutir como a atividade de monitoria foi avaliada pelos alunos. O processo de ensino foi dividido em três fases, atividades teóricas, simuladas e práticas. Ao final do curso, foi elaborado um formulário online com 5 questões com o objetivo de saber como a monitoria foi compreendida pelos alunos acompanhados. O formulário foi disponibilizado por meio de uma extensão da plataforma Google. O procedimento avaliativo dividido em três etapas, teórica, simulada e prática, proporcionou uma visão ampla de como ocorre gradativamente a absorção do que é ensinado aos alunos. Observou-se a interação através da forma que os alunos monitorados tiveram uma boa experiência de ensino/aprendizagem proporcionada pela presença do monitor em sala de aula. Um monitor é fundamental para ampliar a disseminação do conhecimento que é repassado do professor para o aluno-monitorado

Uma discussão sobre atividades de monitoria: estudo de caso da disciplina metrologia da FEM/UFPA

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a atividade de monitoria ministrada no ano de 2019 na disciplina de Metrologia para a turma do segundo semestre do curso de engenharia mecânica da Universidade Federal do Pará, e também discutir como a atividade de monitoria foi avaliada pelos alunos. O processo de ensino foi dividido em três fases, atividades teóricas, simuladas e práticas. Ao final do curso, foi elaborado um formulário online com 5 questões com o objetivo de saber como a monitoria foi compreendida pelos alunos acompanhados. O formulário foi disponibilizado por meio de uma extensão da plataforma Google. O procedimento avaliativo dividido em três etapas, teórica, simulada e prática, proporcionou uma visão ampla de como ocorre gradativamente a absorção do que é ensinado aos alunos. Observou-se a interação através da forma que os alunos monitorados tiveram uma boa experiência de ensino/aprendizagem proporcionada pela presença do monitor em sala de aula. Um monitor é fundamental para ampliar a disseminação do conhecimento que é repassado do professor para o aluno-monitorado

EVOLUÇÃO MAGMÁTICA DA INTRUSÃO BÁSICA NO POÇO 1UN30 E SUA INTERAÇÃO COM O ARENITO ENCAIXANTE, NA PORÇÃO NORTE DA BACIA DO PARNAÍBA (N E NE DO BRASIL): Magmatic evolution of basic intrusion in the well 1UN30 and its interaction with the enclosing sandstone, in the northern of the Parnaíba Basin

This work was developed as a result of petrographic, chemical and litogeochemical analysis of the 1UN30 well, drilled in the Parnaíba Basin. The petrography indicates that the igneous rock has glomeroporphyrytic texture and essential mineralogy of plagioclase and pyroxene with olivine and opaque minerals as accessories. The sandstone is a quartzarenite to subarkose with framework of the quartz, K-feldspar and opaque minerals, and interstices filled by tremolite and clay minerals. The igneous rock, by litogeochemical, is an intraplate tholeiitic basalt. Analysis of MEV pointed the clay minerals as belonging to the illite-smectite group and identified minerals of chlorite group. Through the textures and chemical analysis of the grains, two phases of plagioclase formation are identified. The most calcic phase occurs as corroded and zoned core with thick sieve textured. The other consists at the edges of corroded cores or in isolated crystals, zoned and with fine sieve texture. It concludes that the rock was formed by four evolutionary events: the first phase of crystallization; rapid decompression during rising of the magma chamber; mix with a warmer and rich in calcium magma; and the second phase of crystallization. The interaction with the magma formed tremolite and clay minerals in the sandstone, maintaining the anterior sedimentary aspect, in a process called contact diagenesis.Este trabalho desenvolveu-se através dos resultados das análises petrográficas, químicas e litogeoquímicas do testemunho do poço 1UN30, perfurado na Bacia do Parnaíba. A petrografia aponta: a rocha ígnea como de textura glomeroporfirítica e mineralogia essencial de plagioclásio e piroxênio, com olivina e minerais opacos acessórios; o arenito como quartzo arenito a subarcóseo com arcabouço de quartzo, K-feldspato e minerais opacos, e interstícios preenchidos por tremolita e argilominerais. A rocha ígnea, pela litogeoquímica, é um basalto toleítico intraplaca. Análises em MEV no arenito apontaram os argilominerais como do grupo ilita-esmectita e identificaram minerais do grupo da clorita. Pelas texturas e química dos grãos, identifica-se duas fases de formação de plagioclásio. Uma mais cálcica ocorre como núcleos corroídos, zonados e de textura peneira grossa. A outra consiste nas bordas dos núcleos corroídos ou em cristais isolados, zonados e com textura peneira fina. Conclui-se que a rocha foi formada por quatro eventos evolutivos: primeira fase de cristalização; descompressão rápida, durante a ascensão da câmera magmática; mistura com magma mais quente, rico em cálcio; e segunda fase de cristalização. A interação com o magma formou tremolita e argilominerais no arenito encaixante, com preservação do aspecto sedimentar prévio, em um processo denominado diagênese de contato

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio