Experimental investigation on residual stresses in heavy wide flange QST steel sections

This paper presents the experimental results of residual stress measurements conducted on heavy wide flange quenched and self-tempered (QST) steel sections which have been developed by ArcelorMittal under the proprietary name HISTAR (HIgh-STrength ARcelorMittal). These sections are often applied in high-rise buildings, trusses or offshore structures and combine high strength with good toughness and weldability. The experiments are part of a larger study to arrive at buckling curves for these members as they are currently not provided by the European code. Two different sections with flange thicknesses greater than 100 mm are investigated and two types are examined: the stocky HD and more slender HL type. The sectioning method is adopted for measuring the residual stresses. It is found that both types display compres-sive residual stresses at the flange tips and the web and tensile residual stresses at the web-to-flange junc-tions. In absolute sense the residual stresses are greater in the HL type. From the experimental results a residual stress model is derived which can serve as the initial stress state of a heavy HISTAR section in non-linear finite element analyses

Protest Against Natural Destruction Reflected in Elizabeth Rudnick’s The Curse Of Maleficent Novel (2014): A Sociological Approach

May Purnamasari. A320120204. PROTEST AGAINST NATURAL DESTRUCTION REFLECTED IN ELIZABETH RUDNICK’S THE CURSE OF MALEFICENT NOVEL (2014): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Research Paper. Department of English Education. School of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. This study is about natural destruction done by humans which is reflected in The Curse of Maleficent novel (2014) written by Elizabeth Rudnick, and it is analyzed by using a sociological approach. The purpose of this research is to describe the indicator of natural destruction, to explain the cause of natural destruction, to explain the impact of natural destruction, to describe how natural destruction is depicted in the novel, and to reveal why the author addresses natural destruction in her novel. This research is a qualitative research. The primary data of this research is The Curse of Maleficent novel (2014) which is written by Elizabeth Rudnick. The secondary data of this research are website, author’s biography, articles and several books related to this research. There are four conclusions in this research. First, there are two indicators of natural destruction, namely pollution and destruction of forest. Second, the cause of natural destruction is human activity that can harm environment. Third, the impacts of natural destruction are illness and death. Fourth, there are fives things that support the story of natural destruction of the novel, namely the Human world, the Moors, war, human greed, and harmony. Fifth, Elizabeth Rudnick raises the issue of natural destruction in her novel to reveal about natural destruction that has occurred in environment

Quantification and characterization of water and wastewater in dairy farms. I. Water demand and effluent management

This study was carried out to quantify and characterize water demands in the different stages of the milking process and effluent management, in order to establish management criteria in dairy farms in Buenos Aires. Sixty-five dairy farms in three dairy areas were selected, and their farmers were surveyed. Water volumes used during the different milking routines were quantified in six of them, these will later become part of the total effluent. Surveys showed the several destinations of effluent generated during the milking process. Some, like effluent discharge into water bodies, may result in their contamination. Others, such as poorly designed effluent storages, could be responsible for the leaching of pollutants into groundwater. It was established that 74,47 to 91,29% of the total water volume was used by the plate-cooler operation (4,65?9,20 L.water/L.milk). Groundwater used by the plate-cooler can be reused, as its quality is not affected. This characterization allows to adequate and diminish water volumes used in dairy farms, giving priority to those practices that represent the largest water demands. The rational water use and effluent management will allow to minimize the potential environmental impact from one of the most important livestock productions in this region.Fil: Nosetti, L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Herrero, M.A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Pol, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Maldonado May, V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Iramain, M.S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Flores, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEl objetivo fue cuantificar la demanda de agua en las distintas operaciones realizadas durante el ordeño y caracterizar el manejo de los efluentes, para establecer criterios de manejo en tambos de Buenos Aires. Se seleccionaron y encuestaron 65 tambos en tres cuencas lecheras. Se caracterizaron 6 para cuantificar los caudales utilizados en las distintas rutinas durante el ordeño y que son generadoras del efluente final. Las encuestas mostraron varios destinos del efluente eliminado. Algunos, como el vertido a cuerpos de agua superficial resultan en un impacto en su posible contaminación, otros, como las lagunas de tratamiento mal diseñadas son un riesgo para la contaminación de aguas subterráneas. El mayor volumen de agua utilizada en el ordeño corresponde a la placa de refrescado (4,65 a 9,2 L.agua/L.leche producida) significando el 74,47% al 91,29% del consumo total. Esta fracción es la que posee mayores alternativas de reutilización, porque es agua subterránea que no altera su calidad durante el uso. Esta caracterización permite adecuar y disminuir el consumo de agua en los tambos, en función de las prácticas que mostraron mayores consumos. Un manejo racional del agua y de los efluentes permitirá disminuir el impacto ambiental de una de las producciones ganaderas más importantes de la región

A review of diagnostic and functional imaging in headache

The neuroimaging of headache patients has revolutionised our understanding of the pathophysiology of primary headaches and provided unique insights into these syndromes. Modern imaging studies point, together with the clinical picture, towards a central triggering cause. The early functional imaging work using positron emission tomography shed light on the genesis of some syndromes, and has recently been refined, implying that the observed activation in migraine (brainstem) and in several trigeminal-autonomic headaches (hypothalamic grey) is involved in the pain process in either a permissive or triggering manner rather than simply as a response to first-division nociception per se. Using the advanced method of voxel-based morphometry, it has been suggested that there is a correlation between the brain area activated specifically in acute cluster headache — the posterior hypothalamic grey matter — and an increase in grey matter in the same region. No structural changes have been found for migraine and medication overuse headache, whereas patients with chronic tension-type headache demonstrated a significant grey matter decrease in regions known to be involved in pain processing. Modern neuroimaging thus clearly suggests that most primary headache syndromes are predominantly driven from the brain, activating the trigeminovascular reflex and needing therapeutics that act on both sides: centrally and peripherally

Evaluation of microbial and enzymatic communities in soil and rizosphere from soybean plants.

Understanding the biological and biochemical soil properties, as well as its enzymatic activity is important in designing an efficient alternative to demonstrate desired modifications in the soil. Such modifications are related to crop systems, cultivation practices or other human activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of some microorganisms ( Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Trichoderma and Fusarium ) and enzymatic activity in soil from soybean crops with different yields. Soil sampling was determined according to the productivity yields of the property, which were divided into high, medium, and low yield. Microorganisms were evaluated by counting populations of fungi and bacteria through serial dilutions of total bacteria, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma and Fusarium. The \u3b2-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase activities were determined by spectrophotometry after one hour of incubation at 37 \ub0C, with the specific substrate p-nitrophenol-\u3b2-D-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenol-phosphate and p-nitrophenyl sulphate, respectively, for each studied enzyme. Urease was determined by the ammonium release method, after incubating the soil with urea for two hours, at 37 \ub0C. Soil samples from the high-yield plot had higher concentrations of Bacillus and total bacteria. The low-yield soil showed a higher level of colonies of the genus Fusarium. The studied enzyme activities (\u3b2-glycosidase, arylsulphatase and urea) were found at lower values in soil samples from the high-yield field and differed statistically from the low-yield field. However, in the rhizosphere samples, these enzymes had a higher activity in the high-yield field. In view of these results, it is possible that the yield of soybean plants influences the number of microorganisms and the enzymatic activity of the soil microbiota.Comprendre les propri\ue9t\ue9s biologiques et biochimiques du sol, de m\ueame que son activit\ue9 enzymatique est important dans la mise \u153uvre d\u2019une alternative efficiente pour d\ue9montrer les modifications d\ue9sir\ue9es dans le sol. De telles modifications sont reli\ue9es aux syst\ue8mes de culture, pratiques culturales ou les autres activit\ue9s humaines. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer la diversit\ue9 de quelques microorganismes ( Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Trichoderma and Fusarium ) et activit\ue9 enzymatique dans le sol des cultures du soja avec diff\ue9rents rendements. L\u2019\ue9chantillonnage des sols \ue9tait d\ue9termin\ue9 selon la productivit\ue9 de la propri\ue9t\ue9, qui \ue9tait divis\ue9e en \ue9lev\ue9e, moyenne et faible rendement. Les microorganismes \ue9taient \ue9valu\ue9s par comptage des populations des champignons et bact\ue9ries \ue0 travers des s\ue9ries de dilutions des bact\ue9ries totales, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma and Fusarium. Les activit\ue9s du b-glucosidase, acide phosphatase et arylsulphatase \ue9taient d\ue9termin\ue9es par la spectrophotom\ue9trie apr\ue8s une heure d\u2019incubation \ue0 37\ub0C, avec le substrat sp\ue9cifique de p-nitrophenol-\u3b2-D-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenol-phosphate et p-nitrophenyl sulphate, respectivement, pour chaque enzyme \ue9tudi\ue9e. Ur\ue9ase \ue9tait d\ue9termin\ue9e par la m\ue9thode de la lib\ue9ration d\u2019ammonium, apr\ue8s incubation du sol avec l\u2019ur\ue9e pendant deux heures, \ue0 37\ub0C. Les \ue9chantillons des terres \ue0 haut rendement ont les concentrations \ue9lev\ue9es en Bacillus et bact\ue9rie totale. Les terres \ue0 faible rendement ont montr\ue9 un niveau \ue9lev\ue9 de colonies du genre Fusarium. Les activit\ue9s des enzymes \ue9tudi\ue9es (b-glycosidase, arylsulphatase et ur\ue9e) \ue9taient trouv\ue9es \ue0 de faibles valeurs dans les \ue9chantillons de terres \ue0 haut rendement et diff\ue8rent statistiquement des terres \ue0 faible rendement. N\ue9anmoins, dans les \ue9chantillons de la rhizosph\ue8re, ces enzymes ont une activit\ue9 \ue9lev\ue9e sur les terres \ue0 rendement \ue9lev\ue9. D\u2019apr\ue8s ces r\ue9sultats, il est possible que le rendement des plants du soja influence le nombre de microorganismes et l\u2019activit\ue9 des enzymes des sols microbiote

Immersed boundary-finite element model of fluid-structure interaction in the aortic root

It has long been recognized that aortic root elasticity helps to ensure efficient aortic valve closure, but our understanding of the functional importance of the elasticity and geometry of the aortic root continues to evolve as increasingly detailed in vivo imaging data become available. Herein, we describe fluid-structure interaction models of the aortic root, including the aortic valve leaflets, the sinuses of Valsalva, the aortic annulus, and the sinotubular junction, that employ a version of Peskin's immersed boundary (IB) method with a finite element (FE) description of the structural elasticity. We develop both an idealized model of the root with three-fold symmetry of the aortic sinuses and valve leaflets, and a more realistic model that accounts for the differences in the sizes of the left, right, and noncoronary sinuses and corresponding valve cusps. As in earlier work, we use fiber-based models of the valve leaflets, but this study extends earlier IB models of the aortic root by employing incompressible hyperelastic models of the mechanics of the sinuses and ascending aorta using a constitutive law fit to experimental data from human aortic root tissue. In vivo pressure loading is accounted for by a backwards displacement method that determines the unloaded configurations of the root models. Our models yield realistic cardiac output at physiological pressures, with low transvalvular pressure differences during forward flow, minimal regurgitation during valve closure, and realistic pressure loads when the valve is closed during diastole. Further, results from high-resolution computations demonstrate that IB models of the aortic valve are able to produce essentially grid-converged dynamics at practical grid spacings for the high-Reynolds number flows of the aortic root

Experimental support of the scaling rule for demographic stochasticity

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73613/1/j.1461-0248.2006.00903.x.pd

Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism

Background & aims: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is purported as a key nutritional supplement for the preservation of muscle mass in health, disease and as an ergogenic aid in exercise. Of the two available forms of HMB (calcium (Ca-HMB) salt or free acid (FA-HMB)) – differences in plasma bioavailability have been reported. We previously reported that ∼3 g oral FA-HMB increased muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and reduced muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The objective of the present study was to quantify muscle protein metabolism responses to oral Ca-HMB. Methods: Eight healthy young males received a primed constant infusion of 1,2 13C2 leucine and 2H5 phenylalanine to assess MPS (by tracer incorporation in myofibrils) and MPB (via arterio-venous (A-V) dilution) at baseline and following provision of ∼3 g of Ca-HMB; muscle anabolic (MPS) and catabolic (MPB) signalling was assessed via immunoblotting. Results: Ca-HMB led a significant and rapid (<60 min) peak in plasma HMB concentrations (483.6 ± 14.2 μM, p < 0.0001). This rise in plasma HMB was accompanied by increases in MPS (PA: 0.046 ± 0.004%/h, CaHMB: 0.072 ± 0.004%/h, p < 0001) and suppressions in MPB (PA: 7.6 ± 1.2 μmol Phe per leg min−1, Ca-HMB: 5.2 ± 0.8 μmol Phe per leg min−1, p < 0.01). Increases in the phosphorylation of mTORc1 substrates i.e. p70S6K1 and RPS6 were also observed, with no changes detected in the MPB targets measured. Conclusions: These findings support the pro-anabolic properties of HMB via mTORc1, and show that despite proposed differences in bioavailability, Ca-HMB provides a comparable stimulation to MPS and suppression of MPB, to FA-HMB, further supporting its use as a pharmaconutrient in the modulation of muscle mass

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration

Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (p_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p_T. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.Comment: 510 authors, 127 pages text, 56 figures, 1 tables, LaTeX. Submitted to Nuclear Physics A as a regular article; v3 has minor changes in response to referee comments. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm