Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes

Over the past 25 years, Russia has faced several economic and geopolitical challenges, including the 2008 global financial crisis, sanctions imposed in 2014, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To remain resilient in the face of these challenges, Russia needs to adopt a flexible development strategy and transition to a new path of development. This transition requires the development of new knowledge-intensive industries, expansion into promising markets, strengthening trade and economic partnerships, and achieving technological sovereignty. This study examines the innovation system in Northwest Russia and identifies factors that are critical for its sustainability and innovation security in the face of geopolitical instability. The study uses an integrated approach to trace the knowledge production and innovation process from research findings to the commercialization of new technologies. The study finds that there are strong correlations between innovation activity and R&D investment, patent activity, and the number of innovative organisations. The study also identifies three types of regional innovation systems in Northwest Russia: core, semi-periphery, and periphery. The nature of the regions' involvement in R&D determines the dynamics and specialization of their publications and patents. The study also finds that there is a positive correlation between the volume of innovative products and quantitative factors in the functioning of subsystems involved in knowledge generation and innovation. Finally, the study examines the geography and structure of the international research network that the regions of Northwest Russia had formed by 2022. It shows that the geopolitical transformation requires a significant part of cooperation ties with unfriendly countries to be restructured

Analysis of the "Dandruff attack" on the Tron Network: risks, damage assessment, and solutions

This study, conducted by employees of Match Systems in November-December 2022, presents a subjective opinion on the potential involvement of certain addresses and transactions in suspicious activity. This research was initiated in response to reports from Match Systems' clients, that identified a new pattern of network attacks distinct from the well-known "Dust Attacks." The study relies solely on publicly available data and does not incorporate any additional information. The assessment and conclusions drawn are based on observed patterns of suspicious activity and have not been corroborated by court decisions or law enforcement agencies. The findings of this study do reveal the existence of a new threat, that has had detrimental effects on numerous users who have experienced frustration and financial losses. The study also offers recommendations for users to safeguard themselves and their funds. It is important to note that because of the subjective nature of this study, it should be taken into consideration alongside other sources of information. Careful analysis is necessary before implementing any actions based on its findings. Furthermore, given the constantly evolving landscape of cyber threats, individuals and organizations must remain vigilant and stay informed about the latest threats and best practices for protecting their asset

Enhancement of photoactivity and cellular uptake of (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(CH3COO)6] complex by loading on porous MCM-41 support. Photodynamic studies as an anticancer agent

The incorporation by ionic assembly of the hexanuclear molybdenum cluster (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(CH3CO2)6] (1) in amino-decorated mesoporous silica nanoparticles MCM-41, has yielded the new molybdenum-based hybrid photosensitizer 1@MCM-41. The new photoactive material presents a high porosity, due to the intrinsic high specific surface area of MCM-41 nanoparticles (989 m2 g-1) which is responsible for the good dispersion of the hexamolybdenum clusters on the nanoparticles surface, as observed by STEM analysis. The hybrid photosensitizer can generate efficiently singlet oxygen, which was demonstrated by using the benchmark photooxygenation reaction of 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABDA) in water. The photodynamic therapy activity has been tested using LED light as an irradiation source (λirr ~ 400-700 nm; 15.6 mW/cm2). The results show a good activity of the hybrid photosensitizer against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, reducing up to 70 % their viability after 20 min of irradiation, whereas low cytotoxicity is detected in the darkness. The main finding of this research is that the incorporation of molybdenum complexes at porous MCM-41 supports enhances their photoactivity and improves cellular uptake, compared to free clusters.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (grant RTI2018-101675-B-I00) is acknowledged. F.G. thanks Universitat Jaume I (grant UJI-B2021-51) for the financial support. R.M.-M. laboratory members thank the financial support from the Spanish Government (project RTI2018-100910-B-C41) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO 2018/024). The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (M.N.S.). C.T. acknowledges the Generalitat Valenciana for her postdoctoral fellowship (APOSTD/2019/121). R.G. thanks Universitat Jaume I for a postdoctoral fellowship (POSTDOC-B/2018/09). We would like to thank Prof. Iván Mora-Seró (INAM-UJI) for the singlet oxygen phosphorescence measurements. The help of Jean Colombari in the final phase of this work is also recognized. SCIC-UJI is acknowledged for the technical support

БЛОКЧЕЙН бИТКОИН: Типология участников

The paper describes the classification and criteria for blockchain environment participants. The overview of the main types of blockchain participants is essential for the understanding of blockchain social and economic behaviour. It structured in the description of the several patterns which is often generated inside the Bitcoin blockchain and the list of the economic entities with the criteria of their behaviour. The paper gives the view on the different types of blockchain entities both from outside and inside the blockchain. Also, the paper lists the possible risks of criminal behaviour corresponding to every entity.El artículo describe la clasificación y los criterios para los participantes del entorno de blockchain. La descripción general de los principales tipos de participantes de blockchain es esencial para la comprensión del comportamiento social y económico de blockchain. Se estructura en la descripción de los diversos patrones que a menudo se generan dentro de la cadena de bloques de Bitcoin y la lista de las entidades económicas con los criterios de su comportamiento. El documento ofrece una vista de los diferentes tipos de entidades de blockchain tanto desde fuera como desde dentro de blockchain. Además, el documento enumera los posibles riesgos de comportamiento criminal que corresponden a cada entidad.В статье описывается классификация и критерии классификации участников блокчейн среды. Обзор основных видов блокчейн участников имеет важное значение для понимания социального и экономического поведения в блокчейн. Статья структурирована как описание нескольких моделей, которые часто возникают внутри блокчейн Биткоин и перечень хозяйствующих субъектов с критериями их поведения. В статье дается представление о различных типах блокчейн структур со взглядом как снаружи, так и внутри блокчейн. Кроме того, в документе перечислены возможные риски преступного поведения, соответствующего каждому объект

Photodynamic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Using a Hexanuclear Molybdenum Complex Embedded in Transparent polyHEMA Hydrogels

Three new photoactive polymeric materials embedding a hexanuclear molybdenum cluster (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(CH3COO)6] (1) have been synthesized and characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and emission spectroscopy. The materials are obtained in the format of transparent and thin sheets, and the formulations used to synthesize them are comprised of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), as a polymerizable monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), as cross-linkers. All the polymeric hydrogels generate singlet oxygen (1O2) upon irradiation with visible light (400–700 nm), as demonstrated by the reactivity toward two chemical traps of this reactive species (9,10-dimethylanthracene and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene). Some differences have been detected between the photoactive materials, probably attributable to variations in the permeability to solvent and oxygen. Notably, one of the materials resisted up to 10 cycles of photocatalytic oxygenation reactions of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. All three of the polyHEMA hydrogels doped with 1 are efficient against S. aureus biofilms when irradiated with blue light (460 nm). The material made with the composition of 90% HEMA and 10% PEGDMA (Mo6@polymer-III) is especially easy to handle, because of its flexibility, and it achieves a notable level of bacterial population reduction (3.0 log10 CFU/cm2). The embedding of 1 in cross-linked polyHEMA sheets affords a protective environment to the photosensitizer against aqueous degradation while preserving the photochemical and photobactericidal activity

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Power processing unit for hall-effect thrusters on "Meteor-M №3 spacecraf"

The development results of power processing unit (PPU-M) for hall-effect thrusters on «Meteor-M №3» spacecraft are considered. The structure, weight, dimensions and main technical characteristics of the system in the paper are presented. The work peculiarity of the system is unstable input voltage of both power bus and control bus that increases the ripple voltages and currents at the input and the output and causes the additional requirements to the circuit design. A comparative analysis of the system characteristics and European analogs was carried out, and then a conclusion on the basis of available data that the characteristics of the system are not inferior to European analogs was made

Power processing unit for hall-effect thrusters on "Meteor-M №3 spacecraf"

The development results of power processing unit (PPU-M) for hall-effect thrusters on «Meteor-M №3» spacecraft are considered. The structure, weight, dimensions and main technical characteristics of the system in the paper are presented. The work peculiarity of the system is unstable input voltage of both power bus and control bus that increases the ripple voltages and currents at the input and the output and causes the additional requirements to the circuit design. A comparative analysis of the system characteristics and European analogs was carried out, and then a conclusion on the basis of available data that the characteristics of the system are not inferior to European analogs was made

BigSolDB: Solubility Dataset of Compounds in Organic Solvents and Water in a Wide Range of Temperatures

Solubility is crucial in organic chemistry and holds significant value in the field of medicinal chemistry. Employing computational and QSPR modeling for solubility estimation is favorable as it reduces experimental costs. However, high-quality experimental data is essential for training these QSPR models. In our study, we compiled a dataset consisting of 54,273 experimental solubility values within a temperature range of 243.15 to 403.15 K in various organic solvents and water. This dataset can be used as a reference for individual values or training solubility QSPR models. We conducted a statistical analysis and identified prevalent patterns in the data. Furthermore, we developed an interactive, parametric t-SNE-based tool to explore the chemical space of solutes. Utilizing this tool, we characterized common scaffolds in the dataset and demonstrated that the chemical space of solutes is extensive and diverse

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Stability in Hydrogen Evolution of Mo6 Iodide Clusters Supported on Graphene Oxide

Catalytic properties of the cluster compound (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] (TBA = tetrabutylammonium) and a new hybrid material (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO (GO = graphene oxide) in water photoreduction into molecular hydrogen were investigated. New hybrid material (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO was prepared by coordinative immobilization of the (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] onto GO sheets and characterized by spectroscopic, analytical, and morphological techniques. Liquid and, for the first time, gas phase conditions were chosen for catalytic experiments under UV¿Vis irradiation. In liquid water, optimal H2 production yields were obtained after using (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] and (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO) catalysts after 5 h of irradiation of liquid water. Despite these remarkable catalytic performances, ¿liquid-phase¿ catalytic systems have serious drawbacks: the cluster anion evolves to less active cluster species with partial hydrolytic decomposition, and the nanocomposite completely decays in the process. Vapor water photoreduction showed lower catalytic performance but offers more advantages in terms of cluster stability, even after longer radiation exposure times and recyclability of both catalysts. The turnover frequency (TOF) of (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO is three times higher than that of the microcrystalline (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6], in agreement with the better accessibility of catalytic cluster sites for water molecules in the gas phase. This bodes well for the possibility of creating {Mo6I8}4+-based materials as catalysts in hydrogen production technology from water vaporThis research was funded by the Severo Ochoa Program, grant number SEV-2016-0683, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, grant number PGC2018-099744, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, grant number I-Link1063, and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant number 18-33-20056