Cross-talk between signaling pathways: The link between plant secondary metabolite production and wounding stress response

Plants subjected to wounding stress produce secondary metabolites. Several of these metabolites prevent chronic diseases and can be used as colorants, flavors, and as antimicrobials. This wound-induced production of plant secondary metabolites is mediated by signaling-molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA). However, their specific role and interactions that modulate the wound-respond in plants is not fully understood. In the present study, a subtractive cDNA library was generated, to better understand the global response of plants to wounding stress. Carrot (Daucus carota) was used as a model system for this study. A total of 335 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequences were obtained. ESTs sequences with a putative identity showed involvement in stress-signaling pathways as well as on the primary and secondary metabolism. Inhibitors of ROS biosynthesis, ET action, and JA biosynthesis alone and in combination were applied to wounded-carrots in order to determine, based on relative gene expression data, the regulatory role of ET, JA, and ROS on the wound-response in plants. Our results demonstrate that ROS play a key role as signaling-molecules for the wound-induced activation of the primary and secondary metabolism whereas ET and JA are essential to modulate ROS levels

Cellular Senescence in Lung Fibrosis

Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic and ultimately fatal age-related lung diseases characterized by the progressive and irreversible accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Over the past years, significant progress has been made in our incomplete understanding of the pathobiology underlying fibrosing ILDs, in particular in relation to diverse age-related processes and cell perturbations that seem to lead to maladaptation to stress and susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Growing evidence suggests that a specific biological phenomenon known as cellular senescence plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence is defined as a cell fate decision caused by the accumulation of unrepairable cellular damage and is characterized by an abundant pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic secretome. The senescence response has been widely recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and in tumour suppression. However, recent evidence strengthens the idea that it also drives degenerative processes such as lung fibrosis, most likely by promoting molecular and cellular changes in chronic fibrosing processes. Here, we review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung fibrosis pathobiology, and we highlight current and emerging therapeutic approaches to treat fibrosing ILDs by targeting cellular senescence

Functional Equivalence of Imagined vs. Real Performance of an Inhibitory Task: An EEG/ERP Study

Early neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies suggested that motor imagery recruited a different network than motor execution. However, several studies have provided evidence for the involvement of the same circuits in motor imagery tasks, in the absence of overt responses. The present study aimed to test whether imagined performance of a stop-signal task produces a similar pattern of motor-related EEG activity than that observed during real performance. To this end, mu and beta eventrelated desynchronization (ERD) and the Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP) were analyzed. The study also aimed to clarify the functional significance of the Stop-N2 and Stop-P3 event-related potential (ERPs) components, which were also obtained during both real and imagined performance. The results showed a common pattern of brain electrical activity, and with a similar time course, during covert performance and overt execution of the stop-signal task: presence of LRP and Stop-P3 in the imagined condition and identical LRP onset, and similar mu and beta ERD temporal windows for both conditions. These findings suggest that a similar inhibitory network may be activated during both overt and covert execution of the task. Therefore, motor imagery may be useful to improve inhibitory skills and to develop new communicating systems for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) devices based on inhibitory signalsThis research was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Reference PSI2013-43594-R). AJG-V was supported by a research grant from the Fundación Ramón DominguezS

Iniciativas de mitigación al cambio climático en sistemas de producción de carne bovina en países tropicales

La producción ganadera se basa principalmente en el uso de sistemas extensivos de pastoreo, el cual es un sistema ineficiente que genera niveles bajos de rentabilidad y por ende altas emisiones por unidad de producto. La ganadería de carne a nivel mundial, es el Sistema de producción que mayores emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero genera por unidad de producto. Los asocios gramínea-leguminosa forrajeras pueden generar una reducción significativa sobre las emisiones de metano (CH4) provenientes de parches de estiércol y sobre las emisiones de CH4 entérico. La implementación de sistemas silvopastoriles al igual que la restauración de pasturas degradadas y la inclusión de pasturas mejoradas, surgen como mecanismos promisorios de reducción de emisiones (acciones nacionales de mitigación) para la ganadería de carne en Colombia

Situación y perspectivas de la economía mexicana, nueva época, año 4, núm. 16, septiembre-diciembre 2014

En días recientes trascendió que el PIB de Estados Unidos ha crecido 4.6 por ciento durante el segundo trimestre de este año y el dólar se ha fortalecido frente al peso de manera drástica. Estos eventos podrían generar un efecto positivo en el desempeño macroeconómico de nuestro país en el corto plazo; pues darían un respiro al sector exportador mexicano que coloca en Estados Unidos casi un 80 por ciento de su producción. En consecuencia, es probable que tenga lugar un repunte en la actividad económica de nuestro país durante el segundo semestre de 2014

Situación y perspectivas de la economía mexicana, nueva época, año 5, núm. 17, enero-abril 2015

Los analistas económicos coinciden en que el PIB de Estados Unidos observará una leve recuperación durante 2015. Este evento, junto con la depreciación cambiaria, podría tener un efecto expansivo en el desempeño económico de nuestro país; a través del repunte del sector exportador mexicano. Sin embargo, la caída de los precios del petróleo y el potencial aumento de la tasa de interés de Estados Unidos podrían generar efectos contractivos en los próximos meses. Así, las circunstancias económicas sugieren un año complicado para la economía mexicana, sobre todo para el segundo semestre del año cuando hayan pasado las elecciones

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 13

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público. El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTFAG) - Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kléber Ramírez (UPTM) - Mérida - Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (CABBOPP) - Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE) - Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CEDINTER) - Antioquia – Colombia y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (v(2)) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Y mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The scalar product method is used to extract the v2 coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10-30%, 30-50% and 50-90%. In contrast to the J/psi mesons, the measured v(2) values for the Y mesons are found to be consistent with zero. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe