LA RESURRECCIÓN DE ARISTÓTELES Y LA FILOSOFÍA TOMISTA

Durante la primera mitad del siglo XIII, las obras de Aristóteles sobre filosofía natural, metafísica, psicología y ética se tradujeron al latín, junto con sus comentarios árabes y griegos. En estos escritos, el mundo medieval tuvo que confrontarse con una visión filosófica y científica del universo, cuya naturaleza era altamente superior a cualquiera otra conocida hasta entonces. El efecto de este descubrimiento fue verdaderamente vigorizante y, cuando estas obras se difundieron en las universidades, tuvo lugar una profunda revolución en la mente medieval. Los efectos de esa revolución aún se sienten en nuestro tiempo.Pendant la première moitié du XIII siècle, les ouvrages d’Aristote sur la philosophie naturelle, la métaphysique, la psychologie et l’éthique ; mais aussi les commentaires arabes et grecs, ont été traduits au latin .Dans ces écrits, le monde médiéval a dû affronter une vision philosophique et scientifique de l’univers, jamais connue auparavant. L’effet de cette découverte apporte de nouvelles forces, et lorsqu’elles sont diffusées dans les universités, il y a eu une profonde révolution dans l’esprit médiéval. La portée de cette révolution on la ressent encore aujourd’hui

The gait and balance of patients with diabetes can be improved: a randomised controlled trial

Item does not contain fulltextAIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Gait characteristics and balance are altered in diabetic patients. Little is known about possible treatment strategies. This study evaluates the effect of a specific training programme on gait and balance of diabetic patients. METHODS: This was a randomised controlled trial (n=71) with an intervention (n=35) and control group (n=36). The intervention consisted of physiotherapeutic group training including gait and balance exercises with function-orientated strengthening (twice weekly over 12 weeks). Controls received no treatment. Individuals were allocated to the groups in a central office. Gait, balance, fear of falls, muscle strength and joint mobility were measured at baseline, after intervention and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: The trial is closed to recruitment and follow-up. After training, the intervention group increased habitual walking speed by 0.149 m/s (p<0.001) compared with the control group. Patients in the intervention group also significantly improved their balance (time to walk over a beam, balance index recorded on Biodex balance system), their performance-oriented mobility, their degree of concern about falling, their hip and ankle plantar flexor strength, and their hip flexion mobility compared with the control group. After 6 months, all these variables remained significant except for the Biodex sway index and ankle plantar flexor strength. Two patients developed pain in their Achilles tendon: the progression for two related exercises was slowed down. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Specific training can improve gait speed, balance, muscle strength and joint mobility in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to explore the influence of these improvements on the number of reported falls, patients' physical activity levels and quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00637546 FUNDING: This work was supported by the Swiss National Foundation (SNF): PBSKP-123446/1/1 maart 201

Mitochondrial abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: can mitochondria be targeted therapeutically?

Mitochondrial abnormalities have been identified as a central mechanism in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and, therefore, the mitochondria have been explored as a therapeutic target. This review will focus on the evidence for mitochondrial abnormalities in the two most common neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we discuss the main strategies which have been explored in these diseases to target the mitochondria for therapeutic purposes, focusing on mitochondrially targeted antioxidants, peptides, modulators of mitochondrial dynamics and phenotypic screening outcomes

Updating the approaches to define susceptibility and resistance to anti-tuberculosis agents: implications for diagnosis and treatment

11 páginas, 2 figuras, 1 tablaInappropriately high breakpoints have resulted in systematic false-susceptible AST results to anti-TB drugs. MIC, PK/PD and clinical outcome data should be combined when setting breakpoints to minimise the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.I. Comas was supported by PID2019-104477RB-I00 from the Spanish Science Ministry and by ERC (CoG 101001038)Peer reviewe

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

La resurrección de Aristóteles y la filosofía tomista

Durante la primera mitad del siglo XIII, las obras de Aristóteles sobre filosofía natural, metafísica, psicología y ética se tradujeron al latín, junto con sus comentarios árabes y griegos. En estos escritos, el mundo medieval tuvo que confrontarse con una visión filosófica y científica del universo, cuya naturaleza era altamente superior a cualquiera otra conocida hasta entonces. El efecto de este descubrimiento fue verdaderamente vigorizante y, cuando estas obras se difundieron en las universidades, tuvo lugar una profunda revolución en la mente medieval. Los efectos de esa revolución aún se sienten en nuestro tiempo

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: A Potential Technique for Dating Ancient Ceramics

117 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1980.Thermoluminescence dating of archaeological ceramics is a well-established technique. Another instrumental method for measuring the same information (ionizing radiation damage in crystal) is electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), a method which offers the advantages of no temperature dependent background and no erasure of the stored information. This study was conducted to assess the potential of ESR as an archaeologocal dating technique.Because ESR spectroscopy measure the same effect that thermoluminescence does, it, too has potential use as an archaeological dating technique. The results of ESR measurements of the (Al(,Si)' + O(,O)(DEGREES)) center hyperfine peaks in artificially irradiated quartz powder samples showed that this signal could be detected and analyzed at radiation exposures of archaeological interest (2-9 gray) (200-900 rads) and further, suggested that a linear relationship exists between radiation exposure and ESR peak amplitude in that dose range--the two key criteria for the establishment of a dating technique. The spectrometer operating parameters are given, along with a description of the instrumental difficulties encountered. Other areas for future research are also described.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD