El control de las acciones tácticas ofensivas en el béisbol 5.

Tactical control in sports today is a vitally important instrument in order to achieve good results and even more so if it is a sport considered within ball games where tactics are determined by the results that can be obtained. . The nature of this research is to determine the use of hit zones in offensive tactical actions and to analyze through this information the tactical offensive behavior of the first category Baseball 5 team from Guantánamo in the 3rd eastern national zone championship.El control táctico en el deporte en la actualidad es un instrumento de vital importancia en el propósito de alcanzar buenos resultados y más aún si se trata de un deporte considerado dentro de los juegos con pelotas donde la táctica es determínate en los resultados que se pueda obtener. La naturaleza de esta investigación es determinar la utilización de las zonas de golpeo en las acciones tácticas ofensivas y analizar mediante esa información el comportamiento tatico ofensivo del equipo de primera categoría de Béisbol 5 de Guantánamo en el 3er campeonato zonal nacional oriental

A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE FONTES E TEMAS DE CONFLITOS EM CANAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO E SUA GESTÃO: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO AMBIENTADO EM UMA EMPRESA DO SETOR AUTOMOTIVO

This paper deals with the conflicts management in distribution channels, considering the manufacturer understanding and of their intermediaries, focusing on the causes for conflicts dressing. The objective of the study is to propose actions that will encourage the conflicts management in dyadic manufacturer-intermediary, which negatively affect the performance of the channel. For this, the relationships are examined in the specific context of an automotive company. This is a qualitative research with an exploratory  nature, implemented primarily through in-depth interviews with the implementation of a basic script of questions. The results indicate that there are seven potential sources of conflict and twenty-three controversial issues are considered relevant and impact on the performance of the channel.El presente trabajo se ocupa de la gestión de conflictos en los canales de distribución, teniendo en cuenta las perspectivas de los fabricantes y sus intermediarios, centrándose en las causas de los conflictos intracanal. El objetivo es proponer acciones que promuevan la gestión de los conflictos existentes entre el fabricante y el intermediario y que afectan  negativamente el rendimiento de la canal. Así, las relaciones fueron examinadas en el contexto específico de un fabricante de automóviles. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de carácter exploratorio y aplicado principalmente a través de entrevistas individuales con la aplicación de un guión básico de preguntas. Los resultados indican que hay siete posibles  fuentes de conflicto y veintitrés temas controvertidos que son considerados relevantes y que traen impacto negativo en el rendimiento de canal.O presente trabalho aborda a gestão de conflitos em canais de distribuição, considerando as perspectivas do fabricante e de seus intermediários, focando as causas geradoras dos conflitos intracanal. O objetivo do estudo é propor ações capazes de fomentar o gerenciamento dos conflitos existentes na díade fabricante-intermediário, que afetam negativamente a performance do canal. Para isso, os relacionamentos são analisados no contexto específico de uma empresa do setor automotivo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com caráter exploratório, implementada, basicamente, por meio de entrevistas individuais em profundidade, com a aplicação de um roteiro básico de questões. Os resultados indicam a existência de sete fontes potenciais de conflito e de vinte e três temas conflituosos, considerados relevantes e de impacto negativo no desempenho do canal

Trust in relational exchanges: Related dimensions and asymmetric effects

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo testar um modelo conceitual das inter-relações entre duas facetas da confiança, mais especificamente a Confiança nas Políticas e Práticas Gerenciais (PPGs) e a Confiança no Pessoal de Linha de Frente (PLF). Para tanto, o trabalho foi desenvolvido no contexto do varejo e de serviços com trocas relacionais de uma concessionária de automóveis localizada nas cidades de Bento Gonçalves e Caxias do Sul (RS). Foi aplicada uma survey, que resultou em uma amostra de 235 respondentes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise multivariada de dados, utilizando-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados apoiam uma visão multidimensional das duas facetas da Confiança (PPG e PLF), sendo constituídas pelas dimensões Competência Operacional, Benevolência Operacional e Orientação para a Solução de Problemas. A faceta da Confiança no PLF teve um papel crítico em relação à faceta da Confiança nas PPGs. Por fim, foram analisados os efeitos assimétricos das dimensões formadoras das facetas da Confiança.Palavras-chave: confiança, dimensões da confiança, facetas da confiança, efeitos assimétricos, survey, trocas relacionais.This paper aims at testing a conceptual framework of the interrelationships between two facets of trust, namely frontline employees (FLE) and management policies and practices (MPP), each of which is measured by the dimensions of operational competence, operational benevolence and problem-solving orientation. In order to test the proposed model, a survey was conducted with 235 customers from a car dealership, considering its retailing and service context, located in the cities of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling technique. Findings supported a multidimensional view of the two facets of trust (i.e., FLE and MPP), based on operational competence, operational benevolence and problem-solving orientation. Moreover, FLE presented a critical role in influencing the MPP trust. Finally, the asymmetric effects of the three dimensions were also analyzed and revealed interesting results.Keywords: trust, trust dimensions, trust facets, asymmetric effects, survey, relational exchanges

A confiança em trocas relacionais: dimensões formadoras e efeitos assimétricos

This paper aims at testing a conceptual framework of the interrelationships between two facets of trust, namely frontline employees (FLE) and management policies and practices (MPP), each of which is measured by the dimensions of operational competence, operational benevolence and problem-solving orientation. In order to test the proposed model, a survey was conducted with 235 customers from a car dealership, considering its retailing and service context, located in the cities of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling technique. Findings supported a multidimensional view of the two facets of trust (i.e., FLE and MPP), based on operational competence, operational benevolence and problem-solving orientation. Moreover, FLE presented a critical role in influencing the MPP trust. Finally, the asymmetric effects of the three dimensions were also analyzed and revealed interesting results.Keywords: trust, trust dimensions, trust facets, asymmetric effects, survey, relational exchanges.Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo testar um modelo conceitual das inter-relações entre duas facetas da confiança, mais especificamente a Confiança nas Políticas e Práticas Gerenciais (PPGs) e a Confiança no Pessoal de Linha de Frente (PLF). Para tanto, o trabalho foi desenvolvido no contexto do varejo e de serviços com trocas relacionais de uma concessionária de automóveis localizada nas cidades de Bento Gonçalves e Caxias do Sul (RS). Foi aplicada uma survey, que resultou em uma amostra de 235 respondentes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise multivariada de dados, utilizando-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados apoiam uma visão multidimensional das duas facetas da Confiança (PPG e PLF), sendo constituídas pelas dimensões Competência Operacional, Benevolência Operacional e Orientação para a Solução de Problemas. A faceta da Confiança no PLF teve um papel crítico em relação à faceta da Confiança nas PPGs. Por fim, foram analisados os efeitos assimétricos das dimensões formadoras das facetas da Confiança.Palavras-chave: confiança, dimensões da confiança, facetas da confiança, efeitos assimétricos, survey, trocas relacionais

An ant genus-group ( Prenolepis ) illuminates the biogeography and drivers of insect diversification in the Indo-Pacific

The Malay Archipelago and the tropical South Pacific (hereafter the Indo-Pacific region) are considered biodiversity hotspots, yet a general understanding of the origins and diversification of species-rich groups in the region remains elusive. We aimed to test hypotheses for the evolutionary processes driving insect species diversity in the Indo-Pacific using a higher-level and comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for an ant clade consisting of seven genera. We estimated divergence times and reconstructed the biogeographical history of ant species in the Prenolepis genus-group (Formicidae: Formicinae: Lasiini). We used a fossil-calibrated phylogeny to infer ancestral geographical ranges utilizing a biogeographic model that includes founder-event speciation. Ancestral state reconstructions of the ants\u27 ecological preferences, and diversification rates were estimated for selected Indo-Pacific clades. Overall, we report that faunal interchange between Asia and Australia has occurred since at least 20–25 Ma, and early dispersal to the Fijian Basin happened during the early and mid-Miocene (ca. 10–20 Ma). Differences in diversification rates across Indo-Pacific clades may be related to ecological preference breadth, which in turn may have facilitated geographical range expansions. Ancient dispersal routes suggested by our results agree with the palaeogeography of the region. For this particular group of ants, the rapid orogenesis in New Guinea and possibly subsequent ecological shifts may have promoted their rapid diversification and widespread distribution across the Indo-Pacific

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

A educação física e os temas transversais: contribuindo para a formação crítica e social dos alunos: Physical education and cross-cutting themes: contributing to the critical and social training of students

A origem sociocultural, o tipo de formação e o efeito geracional dos professores de educação física em um ambiente de ensino nas escolas por meio da educação física e temas transversais influenciam o comportamento pedagógico, nas relações entre socialização e professores, sua capacidade de transmitir conhecimentos pedagógicos e seus modos de interação com os alunos no âmbito do ensino. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a contribuição para a formação crítica e social dos alunos por meio de temas transversais na disciplina de educação física. A educação física é um autocontrole associado ao avanço físico, motor, afetivo, sociocultural e na saúde e bem estar. Portanto, independentemente do seu valor para as crianças e jovens, a EF escolar não tem cumprido com os seus propósitos reais, exigindo uma prática motivadora e significativa para os formandos. A competência específica é o conjunto de características individuais que permitem a um indivíduo dominar determinada situação por meio de uma atividade efetiva. Essas características formam um sistema dinâmico, cujo resultado é justamente a competência

Behavioural evidence for self-medication in bumblebees?

The presence of antimicrobial secondary metabolites in nectar suggests that pollinators, which are threatened globally by emergent disease, may benefit from the consumption of nectars rich in these metabolites. We tested whether nicotine, a nectar secondary metabolite common in Solanaceae and Tilia species, is used by parasitized bumblebees as a source of self-medication , using a series of toxicological, microbiological and behavioural experiments. Caged bees infected with Crithidia bombi had a slight preference for sucrose solution laced with the alkaloid and behavioural tests showed that the parasite infection induced an increased consumption of nicotine during foraging activity, though nicotine had an appetite-reducing effect overall. When ingested, nicotine delayed the progression of a gut infection in bumblebees by a few days, but dietary nicotine did not clear the infection, and after 10 days the parasite load approached that of control bees. Moreover, when pathogens were exposed to the alkaloid prior to host ingestion, the protozoan's viability was not directly affected, suggesting that anti-parasite effects were relatively weak. Nicotine consumption in a single dose did not impose any cost even in starved bees but the alkaloid had detrimental effects on healthy bees if consistently consumed for weeks. These toxic effects disappeared in infected bees, suggesting that detoxification costs might have been counterbalanced by the advantages in slowing the progression of the infection. Nicotine consumption did not affect bee lifespan but the reduction in the parasite load may have other likely unexplored subtle benefits both for individual bees and their colony.  Potential evidence for self-medication is discussed. The contention that secondary metabolites in nectar may be under selection from pollinators, or used by plants to enhance their own reproductive success, remains to be confirmed.D.B. was supported by a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programm