Nas alcovas da amamentação: o sofrimento psíquico de mulheres que apresentam dificuldades em amamentar

Breastfeeding is an experience that exposes the mother-baby dyad to an great emotional intensity. This research aims to investigate and discuss the psychological suffering of women who have difficulties in breastfeeding using the psychoanalytic theory of Donald Woods Winnicott of the relationship between mother and baby. For this, observations and interviews with mothers who presented breastfeeding difficulties, users of the Human Milk Bank of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, were performed. The psychoanalytic method used in the interviews allowed mothers to speak freely about their experiences of breastfeeding with their children in a context of transference with the researcher. The data were collected and analyzed based on qualitative research methodology, which provided an investigation in which the subjects discourse about their experiences and feelings is prioritized. It has been seen that the possibility of breastfeeding requires much more than information about the value of breastfeeding, demonstrating the need to consider the uniqueness of each woman in this process.UFU - Universidade Federal de UberlândiaTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Amamentar é uma experiência que expõe a díade mãe-bebê a uma grande intensidade emocional. Esta pesquisa tem como intuito investigar e problematizar o sofrimento psíquico da mulher que apresenta dificuldades em amamentar utilizando-se para tal a teoria psicanalítica de Donald Woods Winnicott sobre o relacionamento mãe-bebê. Para isso, foram realizadas observações e entrevistas com mães que apresentaram dificuldades de amamentação, usuárias do Banco de Leite Humano do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. O método psicanalítico empregado nas entrevistas permitiu o falar livremente dessas mães acerca de suas vivências durante a amamentação de seus filhos em um contexto de transferência com a pesquisadora. Os dados foram coletados e analisados a partir da metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, o que propiciou uma investigação em que se prioriza o discurso dos sujeitos acerca de suas vivências e sentimentos. Foi visto que a possibilidade de amamentar requer muito mais do que a informação sobre o valor da amamentação, demonstrando a necessidade de se considerar a singularidade de cada mulher nesse processo

Síndrome de Chiari e Hidrossiringomielia com comprometimento neurológico: um relato de caso

A Malformação de Chiari (MC) pertence a um amplo grupo de raras deformidades estruturais da junção craniocerebelomedular. O tipo I da doença caracteriza-se pela herniação tonsilar ou amigdaliana cerebelar devido à anomalia da base do crânio e da parte superior da coluna cervical, além de a porção medial do lobo inferior do cerebelo pelo canal cervical também se protuberar através do forame magno, impedindo que o líquor flua normalmente através do canal. A real prevalência da doença é desconhecida, pois muitos pacientes com herniação cerebelar são assintomáticos e o problema agrava-se na fase adulta, com queixas de cefaleia intensa e, por vezes, parestesia. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de síndrome de Chiari (SC) em uma paciente de 53 anos, ao abordar sua apresentação clínica, diagnóstico e tratamento. Paciente do sexo feminino, 53 anos, foi admitida em um hospital da rede pública de referência se queixando de cefaleia occipital intensa e cervicalgia com irradiação da dor para os membros superiores, acompanhada de parestesia nos quatro segmentos. Relatou já sentir dor há 2 anos, mas apresentou piora do quadro clínico há 8 meses. Foi, também, observada incontinência urinária devido à dissinergia detrusora-esfincteriana por provável bexiga neurogênica. Foi, então, realizado exame de imagem de ressonância magnética (RNM) do crânio e da coluna cervical, com obtenção de sequências ponderadas em T1, T2 e STIR, nos planos sagital e transverso com contraste, o qual evidenciou leve alargamento medular, além de sinais de hidrossiringomielia difusa, com hipossinal na sequência T2 intramedular na altura de D1-D2 (coluna dorsal). Foi notada discreta herniação das tonsilas cerebelares junta ao forame magno, típica da SC, sendo, por fim, confirmado o diagnóstico. A paciente, no entanto, não apresentava hidrocefalia, mesmo com a interrupção do fluxo do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) para o canal vertebral. Ela encaixou- se nos parâmetros de indicação cirúrgica, sendo realizada craniotomia occipital, com acesso ao plexo coroide do quarto ventrículo do tronco encefálico com o intuito de elevar as tonsilas cerebelares baixas, herniadas no canal espinhal cervical e bloqueando o fluxo do LCR. Após a descompressão craniocervical, o curso do líquor foi restaurado e a paciente foi, por fim, encaminhada à sala de recuperação pós-operatória. A SC é uma rara doença que apresenta quadro clínico e alterações radiológicas complexas e extensas e, por vezes, o diagnóstico é retardado devido à inespecificidade dos sintomas confundidos com cervicalgias e cefaleias comuns. A hipótese diagnóstica deve ser embasada nas queixas do paciente, na anamnese minuciosa, exame clínico e nos exames de imagens, sendo a prevalência desta patologia de difícil definição e com faixas etárias distintas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Women’s career development in STEM: the role of self-concepts

The participation of women in the labor market has increased significantly over the years. However, there is still a very significant female underrepresentation in areas such as Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) in several countries around the world. Faced with this reality, it is questioned how much psychological factors such as self-concepts can predict women's professional choices, as well as affect their permanence and advancement in STEM fields. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation is to verify the influence of self-concepts for women’s career choice, permanence and advancement in predominantly male professions. To achieve this objective, three studies were carried out. In the first study, it was intended to identify how self-concepts impact women’s career development in predominantly male professions through a systematic and integrative literature review. 282 studies on the topic were analyzed. The results indicated that most studies focuses on the stage of career choice and few studies address the permanence and advancement stages. Specific contributions to STEM contexts are even scarcer in all stages. The most discussed self-concepts are self-efficacy and self-esteem, with little to no research considering the locus of control and self-confidence. In the second study, a survey aimed to analyze the influence of the perception of self-efficacy, self-esteem and locus of control on women’s career permanence and advancement in STEM. The survey had a sample of 107 women, over 18 years old, who belong to STEM areas. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that self-concepts can be important for obtaining STEM jobs, for retention and for hierarchical level changing in these fields. The third study aimed to analyze the impact of a career intervention on women’s self-efficacy, self-esteem and locus of control in predominantly male professions. The intervention, carried out like an online mentoring program, had a sample of 20 women, over 18 years old, who belong to STEM areas. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that participation in a mentoring program generated statistically significant differences in the scores of self-efficacy, self-esteem and locus of control in mentees, but the same was not observed in mentors. It is concluded that this dissertation contributed to the expansion of knowledge about the impact of self-concepts for women’s career choice, permanence and advancement in STEM fields and how development of self-concepts can be an alternative for facing psychological and contextual barriers that still persist in the labor market and often prevent women from persisting and achieving success in their careers, especially in predominantly male areas.Pesquisa sem auxílio de agências de fomentoDissertação (Mestrado)A participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho tem aumentado significativamente ao longo dos anos. No entanto, ainda há uma sub-representação feminina muito expressiva em áreas como Ciências, Tecnologia, Engenharia e Matemática (STEM) em vários países do mundo. Diante de tal realidade, questiona-se o quanto fatores psicológicos como os autoconceitos podem predizer as escolhas profissionais das mulheres, assim como afetar sua permanência e ascensão nos campos STEM. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desta dissertação é verificar a influência dos autoconceitos para a escolha, permanência e ascensão de carreira de mulheres em profissões predominantemente masculinas. Para atingir este objetivo, foram realizados três estudos. No primeiro estudo, pretendeu-se identificar como os autoconceitos impactam o desenvolvimento de carreira de mulheres em profissões predominantemente masculinas através de uma revisão sistemática e integrativa da literatura. Foram analisados 282 estudos acerca do tema. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria das pesquisas tem o enfoque na etapa de escolha de carreira e que, de forma geral, há poucos estudos que discutem as etapas de permanência e ascensão. Em todas as etapas, são ainda mais escassas as contribuições específicas para os contextos STEM. Os autoconceitos mais abordados são autoeficácia e autoestima, com pouca ou nenhuma pesquisa sobre lócus de controle e autoconfiança. No segundo estudo, a realização de um survey visou analisar a influência da percepção de autoeficácia, autoestima e lócus de controle na permanência e ascensão de carreira de mulheres em STEM. O survey contou com uma amostra de 107 mulheres, maiores de 18 anos, que atuam nas áreas de STEM. A análise dos dados se deu por meio de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Os resultados demonstraram que os autoconceitos podem ser importantes para a obtenção de empregos nos campos STEM, para a retenção e mudança de nível hierárquico nesses campos. Já o terceiro estudo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto de uma intervenção de carreira na autoeficácia, na autoestima e no lócus de controle de mulheres em profissões predominantemente masculinas. A intervenção, realizada no formato de um programa de mentoria online, contou com uma amostra de 20 mulheres, maiores de 18 anos, que atuam nas áreas de STEM. A análise dos dados se deu por meio de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Os resultados indicaram que a participação em um programa de mentoria gerou diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos escores de autoeficácia, autoestima e lócus de controle nas mentorandas, mas o mesmo não foi observado nas mentoras. Conclui-se que esta dissertação colaborou para a ampliação do conhecimento acerca do impacto de autoconceitos para a escolha, permanência e ascensão de carreira de mulheres em STEM e de como o desenvolvimento de autoconceitos pode ser uma alternativa para o enfrentamento de barreiras psicológicas e contextuais que ainda perduram no mundo do trabalho e que, muitas vezes, impedem que mulheres persistam e alcancem o sucesso em suas carreiras, principalmente em áreas predominantemente masculinas

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data