Electron FLASH radiotherapy in vivo studies. A systematic review

FLASH-radiotherapy delivers a radiation beam a thousand times faster compared to conventional radiotherapy, reducing radiation damage in healthy tissues with an equivalent tumor response. Although not completely understood, this radiobiological phenomenon has been proved in several animal models with a spectrum of all kinds of particles currently used in contemporary radiotherapy, especially electrons. However, all the research teams have performed FLASH preclinical studies using industrial linear accelerator or LINAC commonly employed in conventional radiotherapy and modified for the delivery of ultra-high-dose-rate (UHDRs). Unfortunately, the delivering and measuring of UHDR beams have been proved not to be completely reliable with such devices. Concerns arise regarding the accuracy of beam monitoring and dosimetry systems. Additionally, this LINAC totally lacks an integrated and dedicated Treatment Planning System (TPS) able to evaluate the internal dose distribution in the case of in vivo experiments. Finally, these devices cannot modify dose-time parameters of the beam relevant to the flash effect, such as average dose rate; dose per pulse; and instantaneous dose rate. This aspect also precludes the exploration of the quantitative relationship with biological phenomena. The dependence on these parameters need to be further investigated. A promising advancement is represented by a new generation of electron LINAC that has successfully overcome some of these technological challenges. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on in vivo experiments using electron FLASH radiotherapy and explore the promising clinical perspectives associated with this technology

Propuesta de implementación del ciclo S&OP en una empresa de ingenería para el sector minero

En este trabajo de investigación presentamos el análisis del macro- y microambiente del sector en el que opera la empresa, así como el análisis de los factores que lo componen con el fin de definir estrategias para el negocio. En cuanto al diagnóstico de la cadena de suministro, describimos los tipos de operación y cuáles utiliza la empresa, luego analizamos los principales procesos de la cadena de valor desde la planificación hasta la ejecución de todo el proceso order-to-cash, haciendo uso del value stream mapping, indicadores financieros y de desempeño. También, analizamos la estrategia de supply chain utilizada por la empresa bajo la metodología de Perez-Franco, profundizando en los diferentes niveles de la estrategia de la empresa y en cómo se interrelacionan para generar valor. La propuesta de mejora se basa en planificar y reestructurar la atención de la demanda a través de una estrecha colaboración con proveedores estratégicos y clientes externos; todo esto enmarcado en un proceso S&OP. La implementación de esta metodología es modular, con la participación multidisciplinaria de las áreas de la empresa.This research work presents the analysis of the macro and microenvironment of the sector in which the company operates, as well as the analysis of the factors that compose them in order to define strategies for the business. Regarding the diagnosis of the supply chain, the types of operation are described and which ones the company uses, then the main processes of the value chain are analyzed from planning to execution of the entire process order-to-cash, making use of value stream mapping, financial and performance indicators. It also discusses the strategy of Supply Chain used by the company under the Perez-Franco methodology, delving into the different levels of the company's strategy and how they interrelate to generate value. The improvement proposal is based on planning and restructuring demand attention through close collaboration with strategic suppliers and external customers; all this framed in an S&OP process. The implementation of this methodology will be modular, with the multidisciplinary participation of the company's areas

Monitoring the 5'UTR landscape reveals isoform switches to drive translational efficiencies in cancer

Transcriptional and translational control are key determinants of gene expression, however, to what extent these two processes can be collectively coordinated is still poorly understood. Here, we use Nanopore long-read sequencing and cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE-seq) to document the landscape of 5' and 3' untranslated region (UTR) isoforms and transcription start sites of epidermal stem cells, wild-type keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinomas. Focusing on squamous cell carcinomas, we show that a small cohort of genes with alternative 5'UTR isoforms exhibit overall increased translational efficiencies and are enriched in ribosomal proteins and splicing factors. By combining polysome fractionations and CAGE-seq, we further characterize two of these UTR isoform genes with identical coding sequences and demonstrate that the underlying transcription start site heterogeneity frequently results in 5' terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) and pyrimidine-rich translational element (PRTE) motif switches to drive mTORC1-dependent translation of the mRNA. Genome-wide, we show that highly translated squamous cell carcinoma transcripts switch towards increased use of 5'TOP and PRTE motifs, have generally shorter 5'UTRs and expose decreased RNA secondary structures. Notably, we found that the two 5'TOP motif-containing, but not the TOP-less, RPL21 transcript isoforms strongly correlated with overall survival in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our findings warrant isoform-specific analyses in human cancer datasets and suggest that switching between 5'UTR isoforms is an elegant and simple way to alter protein synthesis rates, set their sensitivity to the mTORC1-dependent nutrient-sensing pathway and direct the translational potential of an mRNA by the precise 5'UTR sequence

Mola : Seminario de Materialidades y Nuevos Paradigmas, Córdoba 2019

Introducción Universo MOLA; Gracias Iván Tarasconi; Materialidades; Diseño de indumentaria. sistema de moldería sin desperdicio: msd. “El mejor residuo es el que no se genera” / Liliana E. Cisneros & Lis Carrizo De La Fuente; La moda en terapia / Paula Aguirre; Nazca objetos. Los desechos plásticos como material de diseño / Josefina Sperat & Paola Cervio; Búsqueda de la materialidad / Andrea de Iacovo; Nuevos Paradigmas; Huella de carbono en la industria de la moda. Medición del impacto personal en vinculación a la industria de la moda y métricas que conducen al cambio de hábitos / Agostina Martino & Isis del Mar Morillas & Natsué Kiyama; Sustentabilidad y diseño ¿Cómo incorporamos criterios sobre la temática en la enseñanza? / Iván Tarasconi & Moriana Abraham; Nuevos paradigmas en la comunicación y el marketing en moda / Gabriela Ratner; Indumento - Cuerpo – Identidad; ¿Sustentabilidad de las formas?: Sistemas de representación del cuerpo en el mundo de la moda / Fabiola Heredia; Moda y género. Una reflexión sobre la percepción de los cuerpos y los vestidos en los vínculos sociales / Victoria Zaccari; Oír al consumidor / Fedra - Silvina Mauricci & Selediana De Souza Godinho & Silvana Golato; Fashion ManifestoEl compromiso hacia el cambio no debe quedar solo en palabras, sino en acciones. El actuar, el dar ejemplo sobre lo que se puede lograr, es lo que en definitiva, va a generar un cambio de consciencia y de paradigmas. Estamos rodeados de información, de letras, de teorías, pero cuando lo materializamos es cuando podemos sentir desde otra dimensión y creer que todo es posible. Universo MOLA está comprometido con el hacer, con el intercambio y con el crecer en colaboración para crear nuevas verdades. Los textos que este documento recolecta no son meras palabras al viento, son acciones evidenciadas en papel que hablan de historias, puntos de vista y especialmente, hilos para seguir tejiendo la construcción de una industria y un consumo responsable de moda en América Latina. Nos enorgullece que Córdoba, una provincia tan rica en creatividad y empeño, sea la abanderada en crear un documento empapado de revolución, de cambio y, primordialmente, de esperanza. La moda, un eje económico y de desarrollo, que a hoy ya sale de la frivolidad y superficialidad, crea oportunidades transversales en todo nuestro sistema de colaboración y crecimiento en sociedad. Entender que es un espacio, altamente creativo, y además de generación de impacto en todas las áreas de nuestra vida, nos llevará a entender su poder e influencia para que todo lo que realicemos dentro de esta industria esté validada por un propósito mayor que sobrepasa todas las aristas del egoísmo. Esta publicación recupera y pone en valor las investigaciones y ponencias presentadas en el primer seminario de materialidades y nuevos paradigmas realizado en la ciudad de Córdoba, junto a la Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Este evento ha sido organizado por las Voces del Universo MOLA de Argentina y abrió las puertas para que una comunidad conociera, compartiera y aprendiera sobre estas temáticas que hacen al corazón de la sostenibilidad. Queda en este documento, el eterno agradecimiento a aquellos investigadores, organizaciones, actores y activistas que aportan sus conocimientos todos los días para que entre todos, creemos el mundo justo y ético que buscamos. Que este documento sea fuente de inspiración, conocimiento y punta de pensamiento para todos los que lo lean.Fil: Abraham, Moriana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Tarasconi, Iván. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; ArgentinaFil: Heredia, Fabiola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Museo de Antropología; ArgentinaFil: Ratner, Gabriela. Universidad de Palermo. Facultad de Diseño y Comunicación; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Paula. Fashion Revolution; ArgentinaFil: Sperat, Josefina. Nazca Objetos; ArgentinaFil: Cervio, Paola. Nazca Objetos; ArgentinaFil: De Iacovo, Andrea. Boomara vegan shoes; ArgentinaFil: Martino, Agostina. Iwela Design; ArgentinaFil: Morillas, Isis del Mar. Universidad Siglo 21; ArgentinaFil: Kiyama, Natsué. Universidad Siglo 21; ArgentinaFil: Zaccari, Victoria. Universidad de Morón; Argentin

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI