Ostravica, kulturní a kreativní centrum

ANOTACEPředmětem diplomové práce je architektonické zpracování rekonstrukce části stávajícího městského bloku v Ostravě s historickým pojmenováním Ostravica - textilia. Jedná se objekt tvořený dvěma domy postavených v roce 1911 a 1929, které byly později propojeny z důvodu navýšení kapacity skladů a výrobních prostorů. Ostravica je jeden z nejvýznamnějších objektů ve středu města a svým umístěním tvoří pomyslnou bránu do centra Ostravy. Historie neměla na objekt příliš příznivý vliv. Zásahy při přestavbách a nedostatečná údržba způsobily úpadek celého objektu a tím i ztrátu jeho původní funkce obchodního domu. Rok 2005 byl pro tento objekt zlomový, zřícení stropů předznamenalo i další degradaci objektu a dnes se celý blok nachází v havarijním stavu. Důležitou částí bylo vytvořit objektu nový smysl a cíl. Jako jeden z nejpopulárnějších domů v Ostravě, má dům již dnes své fanoušky opěvující jeho původní slávu. Pro Ostravany je Ostravica jakýmsi symbolem živé Ostravy v minulosti. Novou ideou je konverze prostorů obchodního domu na života pulzující objekt plný umělecké fantazie překypující za hranice nejen Ostravy, ale i celé republiky. Dosáhnout takových cílů je možné jen prostřednictvím mladých kreativních jedinců, které bude Ostravica lákat svou multikulturní vybaveností. Měděný lesk koruny střechy se odráží do značných vzdáleností. Tyčí se nad objektem jako svítící uhlík v krbu a vztahuje tak na sebe pozornost. Již z dálky bude patrné, že je tento objekt něčím jiný než domy v jeho okolí. Lišit se však bude hlavně svým kypícím životem uvnitř i venku. Velké okenní tabule v parteru objektu budou umožňovat kolemjdoucím nahlédnout do dění uvnitř objektu. Restaurace bude přes den lákat na svou nevšední gastronomii a s příchodem noci na posezení u točeného ležáku z místního pivovaru. Parter druhé části objektu bude sloužit jako poloveřejný prostor, kde si lidé budou moci zakoupit například knihu, získat nějaké informace, či si projít výstavu zdejších umělců. Otevřená dvorana završená mohutným světlíkem na střeše bude na střed objektu dopadat lámavým světlem a vytvářet příznivou atmosféru v každém z pater. Různorodost nabízených možností, přiláká odlišné jedince, kteří se v objektu budou více či méně střetávat. Možností, kde si budou moci vyměňovat zkušenosti je hned několik. První takovou příležitostí může být společná snídaně ve zdejší kavárně umístěna ve druhém patře nad restaurací. Při vertikální stoupáním objektem je v návrhu umožněno nahlédnutí do volných pracovních či výstavních prostorů. Velikost dvorany pak umožňuje průhled všemi patry a otevírá atraktivní možnosti sledování ostatních návštěvníků. Nájemníci coworků mají možnost si během pracovní pauzy zlepšit kondici v prostorách fitness, nebo se po práci kulturně vyžít v místním alternativním divadle. Nový hlavní sál umístěný v horních patrech navyšuje plochy pochozí střechy, kam si kdokoli bude moci zajít na drink s výhledem na centrum Ostravy či v zimních měsících vyzkoušet své bruslařské dovednosti. V neposlední řadě bude kulturní a kreativní centrum Ostravice nabízet prostory pro tanec a poslech hudby. Dá se tedy říci, že je objekt zacílen tak, aby si zde každý našel to co je mu blízké a užil si romantickou atmosféru staré architektury propojené s novou.ANNOTATION The topic of the diploma thesis is the architectonic process of the reconstruction of a part of the Ostrava city block with the historical name Ostravica - textilia. It is a building consisted of two houses built in 1911 and 1929, which were later united to increase the capacity of warehouses and production facilities. Ostravica is one of the most important buildings in the middle of the city and its location forms an imaginary gate to the center of Ostrava. History has not been favorable to the building. Interventions in rebuilding and inadequate maintenance caused the degradation of the entire building and the loss of its original function of the shopping mall. In 2005 the collapse of the ceilings foreshadowed further degradation and today the whole building is in serious disrepair. One of the main goals has been to create a new aim for the building.As one of the most popular buildings in Ostrava, it has many fans who exalt its original glory. For Ostravan inhabitants Ostravica is a symbol of Ostrava colorful life in the past. A new idea is the conversion of the shopping mall into a vibrant building full of artistic fantasy and it can only be achieved through young creative individuals who can be attracted by Ostravica's multicultural qualities. Large windows in the building's parterre will allow passers-by to look inside. During the day a restaurant will attract visitors by its special gastronomy and during the evening to taste the draft lager from the local brewery. The parterre of the second part will serve as a semi-public space, where people will be able to buy books, get some information, or visit an exhibition of local artists. The hall, topped by a massive skylight on the roof, will create a favorable light atmosphere on each of the floors. The variety of possibilities will attract different kind of individuals who will, more or less, meet there. There are several ways for visitors to exchange experiences. The first opportunity could be a breakfast in the local café on the second floor above the restaurant. Going vertically through the building, the design allows a view to the exhibition or work space. The size of the hall allows viewing through all floors and opens up possibility to see other visitors. Tenants of CO-WORK workplaces will have the opportunity to improve their physical condition in the fitness area during their work break or to enjoy the culture at the local alternative theater after work

Effects of food provisioning and habitat management on spatial behaviour of Little Owls during the breeding season

The population of Little Owls in Denmark is close to extinction. The main cause is food limitation during the breeding season. Efforts to improve breeding success include providing breeding pairs with supplementary food and attempts to improve foraging habitats by creating short grass areas near the nests. In addition to increasing the reproductive output, feeding and habitatmanagementmay cause parents towork less hard improving their future reproductive value. We studied working efforts of five radio-tagged Little Owl pairs in years of absence and presence of food provisioning, and/or access to short sward vegetation areas near to the nest.We quantifiedmovement as theminimumflight distance hour–1 (MFD), using themean distance from the nest (DN) as a supplementary index. Under unmanipulated conditions, males had higherMFD and DN than females. If provided with food and/or areas with short sward vegetation, males but not females reduced their MFD and DN significantly. If MFD was adjusted for DN (the two measures correlated positively), both sexes reduced their DN-adjusted MFD as response to food provisioning but not to habitat provisioning. Food provisioning therefore had similar proximate effects on the foraging effort ofmales and females, whereas provisioning of short sward habitats had an indirect effect onmale but not female MFD, because of decreased commuting distances between nest and foraging sites. The results indicate that food provisioning not only leads to increased reproductive output in an endangered raptor, but also to decreased working effort, which in turn may improve adult survival

The declining occurrence of moose (Alces alces) at the southernmost edge of its range raise conservation concerns

The border region between Austria, the Czech Republic, and Germany harbors the most south-western occurrence of moose in continental Europe. The population originated in Poland, where moose survived, immigrated from former Soviet Union or were reintroduced after the Second World War expanded west and southwards. In recent years, the distribution of the nonetheless small Central European population seems to have declined, necessitating an evaluation of its current status. In this study, existing datasets of moose observations from 1958 to 2019 collected in the three countries were combined to create a database totaling 771 records (observations and deaths). The database was then used to analyze the following: (a) changes in moose distribution, (b) the most important mortality factors, and (c) the availability of suitable habitat as determined using a maximum entropy approach. The results showed a progressive increase in the number of moose observations after 1958, with peaks in the 1990s and around 2010, followed by a relatively steep drop after 2013. Mortality within the moose population was mostly due to human interactions, including 13 deadly wildlife-vehicle collisions, particularly on minor roads, and four animals that were either legally culled or poached. Our habitat model suggested that higher altitudes (ca. 700–1,000 m a.s.l.), especially those offering wetlands, broad- leaved forests and natural grasslands, are the preferred habitats of moose whereas steep slopes and areas of human activity are avoided. The habitat model also revealed the availability of large core areas of suitable habitat beyond the current distribution, suggesting that habitat was not the limiting factor explaining the moose distribution in the study area. Our findings call for immediate transboundary conservation measures to sustain the moose population, such as those aimed at preventing wildlife-vehicle collisions and illegal killings. Infrastructure planning and development activities must take into account the habitat requirements of moose.publishedVersio

Measuring individual identity information in animal signals: Overview and performance of available identity metrics

Identity signals have been studied for over 50 years but, and somewhat remarkably, there is no consensus as to how to quantify individuality in animal signals. While there is a variety of different metrics to quantify individuality, these methods remain un‐validated and the relationships between them unclear. We contrasted three univariate and four multivariate identity metrics (and their different computational variants) and evaluated their performance on simulated and empirical datasets. Of the metrics examined, Beecher's information statistic (HS) performed closest to theoretical expectations and requirements for an ideal identity metric. It could be also easily and reliably converted into the commonly used discrimination score (and vice versa). Although Beecher's information statistic is not entirely independent of study sampling, this problem can be considerably lessened by reducing the number of parameters or by increasing the number of individuals in the analysis. Because it is easily calculated, has superior performance, can be used to quantify identity information in single variable or in a complete signal and because it indicates the number of individuals who can be discriminated given a set of measurements, we recommend that individuality should be quantified using Beecher's information statistic in future studies. Consistent use of Beecher's information statistic could enable meaningful comparisons and integration of results across different studies of individual identity signals.Grant NCN 2015/19/P/NZ8/0250

Threat-sensitive anti-predator defence in precocial wader, the northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus

Birds exhibit various forms of anti-predator behaviours to avoid reproductive failure, with mobbing—observation, approach and usually harassment of a predator—being one of the most commonly observed. Here, we investigate patterns of temporal variation in the mobbing response exhibited by a precocial species, the northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus). We test whether brood age and self-reliance, or the perceived risk posed by various predators, affect mobbing response of lapwings. We quantified aggressive interactions between lapwings and their natural avian predators and used generalized additive models to test how timing and predator species identity are related to the mobbing response of lapwings. Lapwings diversified mobbing response within the breeding season and depending on predator species. Raven Corvus corax, hooded crow Corvus cornix and harriers evoked the strongest response, while common buzzard Buteo buteo, white stork Ciconia ciconia, black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus and rook Corvus frugilegus were less frequently attacked. Lapwings increased their mobbing response against raven, common buzzard, white stork and rook throughout the breeding season, while defence against hooded crow, harriers and black-headed gull did not exhibit clear temporal patterns. Mobbing behaviour of lapwings apparently constitutes a flexible anti-predator strategy. The anti-predator response depends on predator species, which may suggest that lapwings distinguish between predator types and match mobbing response to the perceived hazard at different stages of the breeding cycle. We conclude that a single species may exhibit various patterns of temporal variation in anti-predator defence, which may correspond with various hypotheses derived from parental investment theory

Nest Site Selection and Nest Survival of Eastern Wild Turkeys in a Pyric Landscape

Pine (Pinus spp.)-dominated forests are commonly managed with prescribed fire in the southeastern United States to reduce fuel loads, maintain diverse plant communities, and increase habitat quality for wildlife. Prescribed fire alters understory vegetation, which is a key component of nesting habitat for ground-nesting birds. We assessed the influences of vegetation, prescribed fire, and landscape features (e.g., roads, edge) on nest site selection and nest survival of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in a pine-dominated ecosystem in west-central Louisiana. We radio-marked 55 female wild turkeys and evaluated vegetation and landscape characteristics associated with 69 nests during the 2014 and 2015 reproductive periods. We used conditional logistic regressions with matched-pairs case-control sampling and information-theoretic approaches to determine if vegetation characteristics within 15m of a nest site, distances to surrounding vegetation communities and edges, and prescribed fire history of patches where a nest was located influenced nest site selection. We calculated hazard ratios for covariates in our top-performing models to determine if any of these characteristics affected nest site survival. Turkeys in our study had a longer reproductive season and higher nesting and renesting rates relative to other populations in the southeastern United States. At the local scale, turkeys nested in areas with higher percent ground cover vegetation. At the landscape scale, turkeys nested closer to roads and farther from edges of 2 plant communities. Turkeys selected to nest in forest stands burned 2 years prior. Nest survival was not affected by percent ground cover, distance to roads, or distance to edge but was negatively associated with time-since fire; turkey nests in stands burned ≥3 years prior had lower survival than nests in stands burned the current year. We suggest that burning on a 3-year fire return interval is compatible with management for wild turkeys in southeastern pine-dominated forests. Includes supporting information

Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds

The behavioural rhythms of organisms are thought to be under strong selection, influenced by the rhythmicity of the environment. Such behavioural rhythms are well studied in isolated individuals under laboratory conditions, but free-living individuals have to temporally synchronize their activities with those of others, including potential mates, competitors, prey and predators. Individuals can temporally segregate their daily activities (for example, prey avoiding predators, subordinates avoiding dominants) or synchronize their activities (for example, group foraging, communal defence, pairs reproducing or caring for offspring). The behavioural rhythms that emerge from such social synchronization and the underlying evolutionary and ecological drivers that shape them remain poorly understood. Here we investigate these rhythms in the context of biparental care, a particularly sensitive phase of social synchronization where pair members potentially compromise their individual rhythms. Using data from 729 nests of 91 populations of 32 biparentally incubating shorebird species, where parents synchronize to achieve continuous coverage of developing eggs, we report remarkable within-and between-species diversity in incubation rhythms. Between species, the median length of one parent's incubation bout varied from 1-19 h, whereas period length-the time in which a parent's probability to incubate cycles once between its highest and lowest value-varied from 6-43 h. The length of incubation bouts was unrelated to variables reflecting energetic demands, but species relying on crypsis (the ability to avoid detection by other animals) had longer incubation bouts than those that are readily visible or who actively protect their nest against predators. Rhythms entrainable to the 24-h light-dark cycle were less prevalent at high latitudes and absent in 18 species. Our results indicate that even under similar environmental conditions and despite 24-h environmental cues, social synchronization can generate far more diverse behavioural rhythms than expected from studies of individuals in captivity. The risk of predation, not the risk of starvation, may be a key factor underlying the diversity in these rhythms.</p

Measurement of the charm and beauty structure functions using the H1 vertex detector at HERA

Inclusive charm and beauty cross sections are measured in e − p and e + p neutral current collisions at HERA in the kinematic region of photon virtuality 5≤Q 2≤2000 GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable 0.0002≤x≤0.05. The data were collected with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 189 pb−1. The numbers of charm and beauty events are determined using variables reconstructed by the H1 vertex detector including the impact parameter of tracks to the primary vertex and the position of the secondary vertex. The measurements are combined with previous data and compared to QCD predictions

Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds

The behavioural rhythms of organisms are thought to be under strong selection, influenced by the rhythmicity of the environment1, 2, 3, 4. Such behavioural rhythms are well studied in isolated individuals under laboratory conditions1, 5, but free-living individuals have to temporally synchronize their activities with those of others, including potential mates, competitors, prey and predators6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Individuals can temporally segregate their daily activities (for example, prey avoiding predators, subordinates avoiding dominants) or synchronize their activities (for example, group foraging, communal defence, pairs reproducing or caring for offspring)6, 7, 8, 9, 11. The behavioural rhythms that emerge from such social synchronization and the underlying evolutionary and ecological drivers that shape them remain poorly understood5, 6, 7, 9. Here we investigate these rhythms in the context of biparental care, a particularly sensitive phase of social synchronization12 where pair members potentially compromise their individual rhythms. Using data from 729 nests of 91 populations of 32 biparentally incubating shorebird species, where parents synchronize to achieve continuous coverage of developing eggs, we report remarkable within- and between-species diversity in incubation rhythms. Between species, the median length of one parent’s incubation bout varied from 1–19 h, whereas period length—the time in which a parent’s probability to incubate cycles once between its highest and lowest value—varied from 6–43 h. The length of incubation bouts was unrelated to variables reflecting energetic demands, but species relying on crypsis (the ability to avoid detection by other animals) had longer incubation bouts than those that are readily visible or who actively protect their nest against predators. Rhythms entrainable to the 24-h light–dark cycle were less prevalent at high latitudes and absent in 18 species. Our results indicate that even under similar environmental conditions and despite 24-h environmental cues, social synchronization can generate far more diverse behavioural rhythms than expected from studies of individuals in captivity5, 6, 7, 9. The risk of predation, not the risk of starvation, may be a key factor underlying the diversity in these rhythms

Environmental drivers of Ixodes ricinus abundance in forest fragments of rural European landscapes

Background: The castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) transmits infectious diseases such as Lyme borreliosis, which constitutes an important ecosystem disservice. Despite many local studies, a comprehensive understanding of the key drivers of tick abundance at the continental scale is still lacking. We analyze a large set of environmental factors as potential drivers of I. ricinus abundance. Our multi-scale study was carried out in deciduous forest fragments dispersed within two contrasting rural landscapes of eight regions, along a macroclimatic gradient stretching from southern France to central Sweden and Estonia. We surveyed the abundance of I. ricinus, plant community composition, forest structure and soil properties and compiled data on landscape structure, macroclimate and habitat properties. We used linear mixed models to analyze patterns and derived the relative importance of the significant drivers. Results: Many drivers had, on their own, either a moderate or small explanatory value for the abundance of I. ricinus, but combined they explained a substantial part of variation. This emphasizes the complex ecology of I. ricinus and the relevance of environmental factors for tick abundance. Macroclimate only explained a small fraction of variation, while properties of macro- and microhabitat, which buffer macroclimate, had a considerable impact on tick abundance. The amount of forest and the composition of the surrounding rural landscape were additionally important drivers of tick abundance. Functional (dispersules) and structural (density of tree and shrub layers) properties of the habitat patch played an important role. Various diversity metrics had only a small relative importance. Ontogenetic tick stages showed pronounced differences in their response. The abundance of nymphs and adults is explained by the preceding stage with a positive relationship, indicating a cumulative effect of drivers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the ecosystem disservices of tick-borne diseases, via the abundance of ticks, strongly depends on habitat properties and thus on how humans manage ecosystems from the scale of the microhabitat to the landscape. This study stresses the need to further evaluate the interaction between climate change and ecosystem management on I. ricinus abundance