The migration of crew resource management training

Thomas, MJ ORCiD: 0000-0002-5553-5825Crew resource management (CRM) training has its origins in a very practical problem first described in the late 1970s: a string of serious aviation accidents precipitated by the ineffective management of available resources. While CRM training was originally aimed exclusively at flight deck crew members, the concept eventually spread to other safety critical roles within aviation (cabin crew, maintenance, air traffic control), and has since been successfully applied in a range of other safety critical domains, including maritime and rail operations, health care, and the offshore oil and gas industry. This chapter examines the migration of CRM philosophy and training methods to these other important operational roles and domains

Chapter 10 - Safety Aspects

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Australia's Great Barrier Reef

Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (the GBR) is an iconic natural ecosystem, globally renowned for its majesty and grandeur. The GBR encompasses a vast array of unique and important marine and terrestrial habitats, from deepwater reefs to archetypal barrier reefs, as well as vast seagrass and algal meadows, intertidal mud flats, sand cays, and continental islands. The variety of environments and habitats encompassed within the GBR gives rise to extraordinary biodiversity. The GBR is also unusual compared with most reef systems around the world because the islands and adjacent coastal areas are sparsely populated. Moreover, Australia is a developed economy and does not generally rely heavily on subsistence or artisanal extraction of reef resources. That said, the GBR is being increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, such as land clearing and agricultural runoff, coastal development, pollution, and above all, increasing global carbon emissions that are rapidly changing environmental conditions. Sustained and ongoing global climate change has culminated in unprecedented and recurrent mass coral bleaching in recent years, which now represents the foremost threat to the integrity, functioning, and biodiversity of coral reef environments. Significant investment and effort is committed to conserving the GBR, both to maintain the ecological function and human benefits derived from the various natural systems, but the effectiveness and longer-term benefit of established and renewed management actions are conditional on immediate and effective action to reduce global carbon emissions