Género y diversidad entre mujeres

Resumen: En este artículo introduzco el concepto género interseccional como categoría analítica para el examen de las diferencias entre mujeres. El enfoque de la interseccionalidad es utilizado para examinar cómo el género interactua con la raza/etnia, cultura/religión y el nivel educativo/ocupacional. En esta perspectiva, el género es entendido como intrínseca y simultáneamente constituido por todas las categorías de identificación/discriminación social. Esto implica que toda forma de discriminación de género está originada e interconectada con estas condiciones de manera inextricable y que la noción de género cambia al interactuar con las otras condiciones sociales. El género interseccional se presenta aquí como una categoría de analisis fructífera para indagar sobre la formación y transformación de la identidad de género de las mujeres en tránsito. Palabras clave: Teorías feministas, Esencialismo de género, Feminismo afro-americano y postcolonial, Localización, Marginalidad como lugar epistemológico, Interseccionalidad, Subjetividad "en tránsito" Abstract: This paper introduces the concept of "intersectional gender" as an analytical category to analyze the differences among women. The intersectionality approach is used to examine how gender interacts with race/ethnicity, culture/religión, and educational/occupational level. In this perspective, gender is meant as intrinsically and simultaneously constituted by all categories of social identification/discrimination. This approch implies the recognition that all forms of gender discrimination are interconnected with these conditions and that the notion of gender changes during the process. Intersectional gender is presented here as a fruitful category of analysis in order to investigate the formation and transformation of gender identity of women "in transit". Keywords: Feminist theories, Gender Essentialism, Afro-American and Postcolonial Feminism, Locationality, Marginality as epistemological locus, Intersectionality, In Transit Subjectivity

The polysemy of gender discrimination in the IACTHR jurisprudence : towards the elimination of structural gender discrimination through transformative reparations

This article focuses on the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) on structural gender discrimination and transformative reparations. It dwells on feminist legal and political analysis on the multiple meanings of gender discrimination and distinguish three feminist categories −that have been incorporated in the International Human Rights Law− that respectively focus on the disadvantaged group (‘women approach’), the discriminatory structure that produces disadvantage (‘gender approach’), and the combined effects of different grounds of discrimination (‘intersectionality approach’). The article is novel for its use of the polysemy of gender discrimination as a lens to analyze strengths and weaknesses of three emblematic cases of the IACtHR: González et al. (‘Cottonfield’) v. México, Atala Riffo v. Chile, and Gonzales Lluy et al. v. Ecuador. Our analysis shows that the IACtHR refers to different meanings of gender discrimination in the interpretation of the facts, on the one hand, and in the reparation and non-repetition measures, on the other. Our findings allow us to suggest that the pathway to strengthen the role of the Inter-American Court towards the elimination of gender structural discrimination is to issue transformative reparations that include the reforms of the legal and institutional gender-blind framework that maintain and reproduce such discrimination. This study is not only relevant for the Inter-American systems but also for the European Court of Human Rights and the African Court on Human and People’s Rights that can use the IACtHR jurisprudence as a model

“Gender discrimination” the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Este artículo analiza la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en materia de discriminación de género. En la primera parte examinamos la polisemia de la categoría género y distinguimos tres enfoques: el de las mujeres como grupo desaventajado (enfoque de mujeres); el que pone el acento en la estructura social discriminatoria (enfoque de género); y el que se dirige a la estructura social compleja que interactúa con otros factores de discriminación (enfoque de la interseccionalidad). La segunda parte está dedicada al análisis de tres casos emblemáticos: Campo Algodonero, Atala Riffo y Gonzales Lluy. Exploramos qué dimensiones subyacen a la identificación de la violación de derechos humanos y sus causas, por un lado, y a las medidas de reparación y no repetición, por el otro. El objetivo es destacar los avances de la jurisprudencia interamericana en materia de discriminación estructural de género y proponer posibles desarrollos futuroThis article analyzes the jurisprudence of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights on gender discrimination. In the first part, we analyze the polysemy of the category of gender and distinguish three approaches: the focus on women as a disadvantaged group (women approach), the focus on the discriminatory social structure (gender approach), and the focus on the complex social structure that interacts with other factors of discrimination (intersectionality approach). The second part is devoted to the analysis of three emblematic cases: Campo Algodonero, Atala Riffo and Gonzales Lluy. We explore which dimensions underlie the identification of human rights violations and their causes, on the one hand, measures of reparation and non-repetition, on the other. The goal is to highlight the evolution of the Inter-American jurisprudence on structural gender discrimination and to propose possible future developments.Este artículo se ha realizado en el marco de los proyectos de investigación “Jueces en democracia: La filosofía política de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos” (DER2016-79805-P) y “Human rights at the intersection of gender and migration (RYC-2017-23010) ambos financiados por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades del Gobierno de Españ

A Cross-Sectional Survey on Burnout Prevalence and Profile in the Sicilian Population of Ambulance Driver-Rescuers

Introduction: Burnout is present at a high rate in emergency medicine. The ambulance driver-rescuers, who furnish first aid to the victims, are the non-medical part of the Italian 118-service staff. There is a lack of research on burnout risk in Italian Emergency Medical Services and, particularly, for this category of workers. The two Italian studies, including a little group of ambulance driver-rescuers, reported inconsistent findings. Hypothesis: This survey investigated for the first time the prevalence and exact profile of burnout in a large sample of Italian driver-rescuers. As a secondary aim, the study described how the items of the Italian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) cluster in components in this sample. Methods: This cross-sectional census survey was conducted from June 2015 through May 2016 and involved all the driver-rescuers operating in Sicily, the biggest and most southern region of Italy. The subjects received a classification according to different profiles of burnout by using the Italian version of the MBI-HSS (burnout, engagement, disengagement, over-extension, and work-inefficacy). In order to explore the existence of independent factors, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on the survey to obtain eigenvalues >one for each component in the data. Results: The final sample comprised 2,361 responders (96.6% of the initial sample). Of them, 29.8% were in burnout (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.8% to 31.8%) and 1.7% presented a severe form (95% CI, 1.1% to 2.3%); 30.0% were engaged in their work (95% CI, 21.0% to 34.8%), 24.7% of responders were disengaged (95% CI, 22.9% to 26.5%), 1.2% presented an over-extension profile (95% CI, 0.8% to 1.7%), and 12.6% felt work-inefficacy (95% CI, 11.3% to 14.1%). The factors loaded into a five-factor solution at PCA, explaining 48.1% of the variance and partially replicating the three-factor structure. The Emotional Exhaustion (EE) component was confirmed. New dimensions from Personal Accomplishment (PA) and Depersonalization (DP) sub-scales described empathy and disengagement with patients, respectively, and were responsible for the increased risk of burnout. Conclusions: These results endorse the importance of screening and psychological interventions for this population of emergency workers, where burnout could manifest itself more insidiously. It is also possible to speculate that sub-optimal empathy skills could be related to the disengagement and work-inefficacy feelings registered

From theory to praxis: a round trip towards the institutionalization of intersectionality

After three decades of intensive debate, public institutions are beginning to follow international recommendations on the adoption of intersectionality in legislation and public policies. However, the obstacles to the implementation of intersection- ality are still mostly unexplored. This article aims to fill this gap through the em- pirical study of the material and discursive obstacles to implement an intersec- tionality-informed plan in the municipality of Madrid. Using qualitative methodol- ogies, our study highlights that, when it is discursively constructed through the concepts of gender and diversity, intersectionality loses its transformative poten- tial or is postponed indefinitely. These discursive obstacles are linked to three material obstacles: i) the absence of a regulatory framework and guidelines; ii) the compartmentalized organization and institutional culture; and iii) the lack of dis- aggregated data and underutilization of available data. The results of our study show that adequate training can help administrative staff to overcome these dis- cursive and material obstacles. Our study contributes to the theoretical debate on intersectionality with empirical evidence and provides recommendations for its implementation within public institutions

Multicenter Observational Retrospective Study on Febrile Events in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Cpx-351 in "Real-Life": The SEIFEM Experience

: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the absolute risk of infection in the real-life setting of AML patients treated with CPX-351. The study included all patients with AML from 30 Italian hematology centers of the SEIFEM group who received CPX-351 from July 2018 to June 2021. There were 200 patients included. Overall, 336 CPX-351 courses were counted: all 200 patients received the first induction cycle, 18 patients (5%) received a second CPX-351 induction, while 86 patients (26%) proceeded with the first CPX-351 consolidation cycle, and 32 patients (10%) received a second CPX-351 consolidation. A total of 249 febrile events were recorded: 193 during the first or second induction, and 56 after the first or second consolidation. After the diagnostic work-up, 92 events (37%) were classified as febrile neutropenia of unknown origin (FUO), 118 (47%) were classifiable as microbiologically documented infections, and 39 (17%) were classifiable as clinically documented infections. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 14% (28/200). The attributable mortality-infection rate was 6% (15/249). A lack of response to the CPX-351 treatment was the only factor significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis [p-value: 0.004, OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.39]. Our study confirms the good safety profile of CPX-351 in a real-life setting, with an incidence of infectious complications comparable to that of the pivotal studies; despite prolonged neutropenia, the incidence of fungal infections was low, as was infection-related mortality

Report EduINAF anno 2021/2022

Il periodo a cui fa riferimento questo Report (Anno scolastico 2021/2022: Settembre 2021-Agosto 2022) è stato caratterizzato dal protrarsi dell’emergenza COVID in Italia con conseguenti difficoltà delle scuole e periodi di ricorso alla Didattica a Distanza (DaD). Il 2021/2022 è stato anche il terzo anno di attività della testata registrata EduINAF, il magazine di Didattica e Divulgazione dell’Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica. In questo periodo, la redazione di EduINAF, oltre a pubblicare risorse didattiche e contenuti informativi sul mondo della Didattica e Divulgazione della scienza, ha organizzato e contribuito a organizzare numerose iniziative a sostegno della scuola e della società, come le dirette osservative della Serie “Il Cielo in Salotto”, i concorsi per le scuole e altre campagne di engagement. In questo Report si presentano le attività svolte nell’arco di tempo indicato e si analizzano i risultati ottenuti in termini di audience, di comportamento e di gradimento del pubblico. L’obiettivo è quello di fornire il contesto per strutturare il Piano Editoriale 2022/2023 che conterrà le linee guida per la programmazione del prossimo anno scolastico

Off-label long acting injectable antipsychotics in real-world clinical practice: a cross-sectional analysis of prescriptive patterns from the STAR Network DEPOT study

Introduction Information on the off-label use of Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in the real world is lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients treated with on- vs off-label LAIs and predictors of off-label First- or Second-Generation Antipsychotic (FGA vs. SGA) LAI choice in everyday clinical practice. Method In a naturalistic national cohort of 449 patients who initiated LAI treatment in the STAR Network Depot Study, two groups were identified based on off- or on-label prescriptions. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test several clinically relevant variables and identify those associated with the choice of FGA vs SGA prescription in the off-label group. Results SGA LAIs were more commonly prescribed in everyday practice, without significant differences in their on- and off-label use. Approximately 1 in 4 patients received an off-label prescription. In the off-label group, the most frequent diagnoses were bipolar disorder (67.5%) or any personality disorder (23.7%). FGA vs SGA LAI choice was significantly associated with BPRS thought disorder (OR = 1.22, CI95% 1.04 to 1.43, p = 0.015) and hostility/suspiciousness (OR = 0.83, CI95% 0.71 to 0.97, p = 0.017) dimensions. The likelihood of receiving an SGA LAI grew steadily with the increase of the BPRS thought disturbance score. Conversely, a preference towards prescribing an FGA was observed with higher scores at the BPRS hostility/suspiciousness subscale. Conclusion Our study is the first to identify predictors of FGA vs SGA choice in patients treated with off-label LAI antipsychotics. Demographic characteristics, i.e. age, sex, and substance/alcohol use co-morbidities did not appear to influence the choice towards FGAs or SGAs. Despite a lack of evidence, clinicians tend to favour FGA over SGA LAIs in bipolar or personality disorder patients with relevant hostility. Further research is needed to evaluate treatment adherence and clinical effectiveness of these prescriptive patterns

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe