44 research outputs found
The Geologic Times, Vol. 6
The sixth issue of the Earth Science Association\u27s newsletter, The Geologic Times.
Contents:
What Makes Mercury So Dark? by Kathleen E. Vander Kaaden
What Are You Going To Do After Graduation? by Hannah Newcombe
Seismic Refraction Applications At SSU by Kyle McCaffery
Comic by Adam Surette
What Is New In The ESA Community?!https://digitalcommons.salemstate.edu/esa/1005/thumbnail.jp
The Geologic Times, Vol. 3
The third issue of the Earth Science Association\u27s newsletter, The Geologic Times.
Contents:
Hawaiian Excursions - What Does A Semester Abroad Look Like? by Sharissa Thompson
Trying To Inspire The Future Generation by Lisa Rusch
Mineral of the Month: Amphibole: Garbage Mineral Supergroup by Cora Van Hazinga
Student Present Their Research At NEGSA by Rebecca Wright
The NAA - North Appalachian Anomaly by Arianna Gaffneyhttps://digitalcommons.salemstate.edu/esa/1002/thumbnail.jp
The Geologic Times, Vol. 4
The fourth issue of the Earth Science Association\u27s newsletter, The Geologic Times.
Contents:
Formation And Collapse Of The Adirondack Mountains by Erkan Toraman
Living Sustainably With Active Volcanoes: Hazards And Resources by Sara Mana
Node Country For Old Men by Cora Van Hazinga
The Field Camp Experience... by Emily Doyle
What is new in the ESA community?!https://digitalcommons.salemstate.edu/esa/1003/thumbnail.jp
Using the Extrusive Volcanic Features of Mt. Marsabit, Kenya to Identify Regional Tectonic Stress
Extrusive volcanic features like vents, craters, and cones can produce alignments and other linear structures that indicate the orientations of feeder dikes and regional tectonic stresses. These dikes form parallel to the maximum compressional stress (σ1) and perpendicular to minimum compressive stress (σ3), and/or exploit preexisting planes of weakness. Volcanic constructs fed by these magmatic intrusions are therefore indicators of tectonic stress directions and subsurface structural fabrics, which can be deduced through detailed mapping and assessment of the spacing, shapes, and linear arrays of these volcanic features.
Mt Marsabit (2.32°N, 37.97°E) is a massive 6,300 km2 off-axis volcano located in Northern Kenya on the eastern shoulder of the Kenyan Rift, 170 km east from the center of the East African Rift System (EARS). Initial construction began in the Miocene, with the peak of volcanic activity occurring in the Pliocene. A multitude of maar craters, scoria cones, and tuff cones developed in the Quaternary, primarily along the northern and eastern slopes. These extrusive volcanic features were mapped in the late eighties but have not been revisited using modern technology.
Here we present findings from our analyses of the morphologies and alignments of 242 of extrusive volcanic features found on Marsabit. We then interpret the subsurface feeder system to off-axis volcanism in this sector of the EARS. Methodologies modified from Paulsen and Wilson (2010) and Muirhead et al. (2015) are used to map volcanic craters and cones using Google Earth. The orientations, shapes, and positions of volcanic features observed over the 8,000 km2 region indicate the presence of NE-SW orientated feeder dikes, which trend oblique to the general N-S trends observed in nearby sectors of the EARS such as faults found immediately south of Lake Turkana and the Elgeyo escarpment of the Kenyan rift. The strong NE-SW orientation of volcanic lineaments on Marsabit suggests that either a local NW-SE extension direction or a NE-SW orientated crustal fabric controls the geometry of the underlying plumbing system to this off-axis volcano. From this data we have created a series of rose diagrams to indicate the possible angles and locations of subsurface dikes, illustrating the regional tectonic stress field in Marsabit. We then compare these rose diagrams to other features found in the EARS
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Temporal and Stratigraphic Framework for Paleoanthropology Sites Within East-Central Area 130, Koobi Fora, Kenya
In the Koobi Fora region of the northeast Lake Turkana Basin (Kenya) dozens of archeological sites have been studied for decades in order to understand the behavior of Early Pleistocene hominins. Data collected from these sites have been important for demonstrating the manufacture styles of Oldowan stone-tool users, hominin dietary preferences, and processes of Early Stone Age site formation. A particularly rich locality is collection Area 130. Area 130 is noteworthy for hominin fossils KNM-ER 1805 (Homo) and 1806 (Paranthropus) as well as the FxJj 18 site complex, which represents one of the type localities for the Developed Oldowan of Koobi Fora. However, despite research beginning in the late 1960s, and several revisions to the stratigraphy and dating of the Koobi Fora Formation, few published studies provide a detailed chronostratigraphy for Area 130. The lack of a detailed chronostratigraphy has contributed to conflicting interpretations for the dates of the hominin fossils and archaeological sites. Here we present new geochronologic and paleomagnetic data to develop a chronostratigraphic framework that allows us to directly assess the age of the sediments, fossils, and artifacts from Area 130. Individual pumices from the Orange Tuff marker level and a previously unnamed tuff exposed near the FxJj 18 archaeological site complex (referred here as the FxJj 18 tuff) were analyzed for high-precision single crystal 40Ar/39Ar dating and dated at 1.763 ± 0.007 Ma and 1.520 ± 0.005 Ma respectively. Concurrently, we collected orientated paleomagnetic samples from stratigraphic levels of the KBS Member in Area 130 and used them to develop a magnetostratigraphic section. Our findings can be used to refine the sequence and chronology of the archaeological and fossils sites from Area 130 and other penecontemporaneous sites within the Lake Turkana Basin. Our data show that the first appearance of the Developed Oldowan for Koobi Fora does not correlate with any obvious evolutionary changes represented by the local hominin hypodigm nor with the arrival of a cognitively advanced hominin. Therefore we speculate that the advent of this more sophisticated type of stone tool was a response to a change in the diet of the genus Homo
Retail Chicken Carcasses as a Reservoir of Multidrug-Resistant .
is a major cause of foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide, mainly through poultry. Recently, there has been an increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections globally. The increased drug resistance results in increased costs and poorer health outcomes due to unavailability or delayed treatment. This study aims to determine the prevalence of in retail raw chicken meat and identify their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 270 retail raw chicken carcasses (local and imported) were collected from three hypermarket chains in Qatar between November 2017 and April 2018. Thirty carcasses were contaminated with (11.11%). The prevalence of in locally produced chicken was higher than in imported chicken (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.18-5.53,  = 0.016). No significant differences were found between the prevalence and storage temperature or hypermarket chain. The highest resistance rates in the isolates were reported to tetracycline (73.7%) followed by nitrofurantoin (53.3%), ampicillin (50%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone (26.7%), and ciprofloxacin (23.3%). Eight isolates were potential extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producers, all in imported frozen chicken ( < 0.0001). Additionally, 43.3% of the isolates were MDR and associated with frozen chicken (OR = 16.88, 95% CI: 2.55-111.47,  = 0.002). The findings indicate that while the prevalence of in retail chicken in Qatar is moderate, a large proportion of them are MDR.This research was funded by, Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, grant number “BRC-2018-ID-01 to Nahla O. Eltai.
High-resolution CT phenotypes in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a multinational Delphi consensus study
One view of sarcoidosis is that the term covers many different diseases. However, no classification framework exists for the future exploration of pathogenetic pathways, genetic or trigger predilections, patterns of lung function impairment, or treatment separations, or for the development of diagnostic algorithms or relevant outcome measures. We aimed to establish agreement on high-resolution CT (HRCT) phenotypic separations in sarcoidosis to anchor future CT research through a multinational two-round Delphi consensus process. Delphi participants included members of the Fleischner Society and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders, as well as members' nominees. 146 individuals (98 chest physicians, 48 thoracic radiologists) from 28 countries took part, 144 of whom completed both Delphi rounds. After rating of 35 Delphi statements on a five-point Likert scale, consensus was achieved for 22 (63%) statements. There was 97% agreement on the existence of distinct HRCT phenotypes, with seven HRCT phenotypes that were categorised by participants as non-fibrotic or likely to be fibrotic. The international consensus reached in this Delphi exercise justifies the formulation of a CT classification as a basis for the possible definition of separate diseases. Further refinement of phenotypes with rapidly achievable CT studies is now needed to underpin the development of a formal classification of sarcoidosis
The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data
The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.Peer reviewe