Mediação da cultura e da informação na Fundação Casa de José Américo

Cultural mediation and mediation of information promote the dissemination and appropriation of information that permeates the social sphere, favor access to memory and, at the same time, potencialize the recognition of feeling of belonging to places and social groups. In this context, this communication aimed to analyze the actions performed at Fundação Casa de José Américo, categorize them in the light of the concept mediation of information coined by Almeida Júnior and identify the evidence of cultural mediation that favors the identity and memorial strengthening of the Paraíba people. The theoretical and empirical reference were based on the conceptual aspects of cultural mediation, mediation of information, memory and identity. As for the methodology, the research, in which the case study method was used, is of a descriptive nature, and the object of investigation was Fundação Casa José Américo. To collect the data, it was adopted the questionnaire application technique with the professionals who work in the information section of the aforementioned Institution. After analyzing the collected data, it was found that most participants in this research recognize themselves as mediators of information, develop direct and indirect actions in a conscious way and have achieved interference in the process of cultural mediation, when they favor recognition and strengthening of the memorialistic and identity traits of the people of Paraíba.A mediação cultural e a mediação da informação promovem a disseminação e a apropriação da informação que permeia a esfera social, além de favorecer o acesso à memória e, ao mesmo tempo, potencializar o reconhecimento dos sentimentos de pertencimento aos ambientes e aos grupos sociais. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar as ações realizadas na Fundação Casa de José Américo, categorizá-las à luz do conceito de mediação da informação, cunhado por Almeida Júnior, e identificar os indícios de mediação cultural que favorecem o fortalecimento identitário e memorialístico do povo paraibano. Os referenciais teóricos e empíricos foram baseados nos aspectos conceituais de mediação cultural, mediação da informação, memória e identidade. Quanto à metodologia da pesquisa, a qual é de natureza descritiva, empregou-se o método do estudo de caso, tendo como objeto de investigação a Fundação Casa José Américo. Para coletar os dados, foi adotada a técnica de aplicação de questionário com os profissionais que atuam nos ambientes de informação da Instituição. Após analisar os dados coletados, constatou-se que a maioria dos participantes se reconhece como mediador da informação desenvolve ações diretas e indiretas de maneira consciente e alcança certa interferência no processo de mediação cultural, uma vez que favorece o reconhecimento e o fortalecimento dos traços memorialísticos e identitários do povo paraibano

AVALIAÇÃO DE RISCOS E BENEFÍCIOS DO USO DE CONTRACEPTIVOS HORMONAIS EM MULHERES COM FATORES DE RISCO PARA DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES

A avaliação de riscos e benefícios do uso de contraceptivos hormonais em mulheres com fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares é crucial para a saúde da mulher. Embora os contraceptivos hormonais sejam eficazes na prevenção da gravidez, eles também apresentam riscos potenciais, especialmente em mulheres com histórico familiar ou outros fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, como tabagismo, hipertensão arterial e obesidade. Os principais benefícios incluem regulação do ciclo menstrual, redução do risco de câncer de ovário e endométrio, e melhora dos sintomas da síndrome dos ovários policísticos. No entanto, é fundamental realizar uma avaliação individualizada do perfil de risco cardiovascular de cada paciente antes de iniciar o uso de contraceptivos hormonais. Além disso, é importante considerar opções alternativas de contracepção em mulheres com alto risco cardiovascular, como dispositivos intrauterinos não hormonais. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar, envolvendo médicos ginecologistas, cardiologistas e outros profissionais de saúde, é essencial para garantir a segurança e a eficácia do uso de contraceptivos hormonais em mulheres com fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Esta revisão visa aprofundar a compreensão desses riscos e benefícios, bem como destacar as medidas para uma abordagem individualizada e segura na prescrição de contraceptivos hormonais. Mulheres com fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, como tabagismo, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, dislipidemia e história familiar de eventos cardiovasculares precoces, podem apresentar um perfil de risco aumentado ao utilizar contraceptivos hormonais. Estrogênio e progestina, os principais componentes desses contraceptivos, podem influenciar o sistema cardiovascular de várias maneiras, incluindo alterações no perfil lipídico, aumento da coagula ilidade sanguínea e efeitos sobre a função endotelial e vascular. Embora os contraceptivos hormonais ofereçam uma série de benefícios além da contracepção, como regulação do ciclo menstrual, redução do risco de câncer de ovário e endométrio, e melhora dos sintomas da síndrome dos ovários policísticos, é essencial ponderar cuidadosamente esses benefícios em relação aos riscos cardiovasculares potenciais em cada paciente

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Mediação da cultura e da informação na Fundação Casa de José Américo

Cultural mediation and mediation of information promote the dissemination and appropriation of information that permeates the social sphere, favor access to memory and, at the same time, potencialize the recognition of feeling of belonging to places and social groups. In this context, this communication aimed to analyze the actions performed at Fundação Casa de José Américo, categorize them in the light of the concept mediation of information coined by Almeida Júnior and identify the evidence of cultural mediation that favors the identity and memorial strengthening of the Paraíba people. The theoretical and empirical reference were based on the conceptual aspects of cultural mediation, mediation of information, memory and identity. As for the methodology, the research, in which the case study method was used, is of a descriptive nature, and the object of investigation was Fundação Casa José Américo. To collect the data, it was adopted the questionnaire application technique with the professionals who work in the information section of the aforementioned Institution. After analyzing the collected data, it was found that most participants in this research recognize themselves as mediators of information, develop direct and indirect actions in a conscious way and have achieved interference in the process of cultural mediation, when they favor recognition and strengthening of the memorialistic and identity traits of the people of Paraíba.A mediação cultural e a mediação da informação promovem a disseminação e a apropriação da informação que permeia a esfera social, além de favorecer o acesso à memória e, ao mesmo tempo, potencializar o reconhecimento dos sentimentos de pertencimento aos ambientes e aos grupos sociais. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar as ações realizadas na Fundação Casa de José Américo, categorizá-las à luz do conceito de mediação da informação, cunhado por Almeida Júnior, e identificar os indícios de mediação cultural que favorecem o fortalecimento identitário e memorialístico do povo paraibano. Os referenciais teóricos e empíricos foram baseados nos aspectos conceituais de mediação cultural, mediação da informação, memória e identidade. Quanto à metodologia da pesquisa, a qual é de natureza descritiva, empregou-se o método do estudo de caso, tendo como objeto de investigação a Fundação Casa José Américo. Para coletar os dados, foi adotada a técnica de aplicação de questionário com os profissionais que atuam nos ambientes de informação da Instituição. Após analisar os dados coletados, constatou-se que a maioria dos participantes se reconhece como mediador da informação desenvolve ações diretas e indiretas de maneira consciente e alcança certa interferência no processo de mediação cultural, uma vez que favorece o reconhecimento e o fortalecimento dos traços memorialísticos e identitários do povo paraibano

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt