Heart rate responses during isometric exercises in patients undergoing a phase III cardiac rehabilitation program

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A magnitude das respostas cardiovasculares depende dos componentes estático e dinâmico bem como da duração e intensidade da contração realizada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as respostas da frequência cardíaca (FC) frente a diferentes percentuais de contração isométrica em 12 pacientes (63±11,6 anos; média±dp) com doença da artéria coronária e/ou fatores de risco para ela, participantes de um programa de reabilitação cardíaca fase III. MÉTODOS: A variação da frequência cardíaca (&#916;FC) foi avaliada durante as contrações voluntárias máximas (CVM; 5" e 10" de duração) e submáximas (CVSM; 30 e 60% da CVM-5, até exaustão muscular) de preensão palmar, utilizando-se um dinamômetro (hand grip). Adicionalmente, o RMSSD dos iR-R em ms (índice representante da modulação vagal cardíaca) foi calculado em repouso (pré-contração) nos últimos 30 segundos da CVSM e na recuperação (pós-contração). RESULTADOS: A &#916;FC apresentou maiores valores em CVM-10 vs CVM-5 (17±5,5 vs 12±4,2 bpm, p<0,05) e no CVSM-60 vs CVSM-30 (19±5,8 vs 15±5,1 bpm, p<0,05). No entanto, os resultados para CVM-10 mostraram &#916;FC similar quando comparados aos resultados obtidos para CVSM (p&gt;0,05). RMSSD de repouso reduziu-se (p<0,05) durante a CVSM-30 (30%=29,9±17,1 vs 12,9±8,5ms) e CVSM-60 (60%=25,8±18,2 vs 9,96±4,2 ms), mas retornou aos valores basais quando a contração foi interrompida. CONCLUSÕES: Em pacientes com doença da artéria coronária e/ou fatores de risco para ela, a contração isométrica de baixa intensidade mantida por longos períodos de tempo apresenta os mesmos efeitos sobre as respostas da FC, quando comparada à contração isométrica de alta ou máxima intensidade, porém de breve duração.BACKGROUND: The magnitude of cardiovascular responses is dependent on the static and dynamic components as well as the duration and intensity of the contraction performed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the heart rate responses to different percentages of isometric contractions in 12 patients (63±11.6 years) with coronary artery disease and/or risk factors for coronary artery disease that were participating in a phase III cardiac rehabilitation program. METHODS: Heart rate variation (&#916;HR) was evaluated during maximum (MVC, five and ten seconds in duration) and submaximal (SMVC, 30 and 60% of MVC-5, until muscle exhaustion) voluntary contraction, using a handgrip dynamometer. Additionally, the representative index of cardiac vagal modulation (RMSSD index) was calculated at rest (pre-contraction), at the final 30 seconds of SMVC and during recovery (post-contraction). RESULTS: &#916;HR showed higher values in MVC-10 versus MVC-5 (17±5.5 vs 12±4.2 bpm, p<0.05) and the SMVC-60 vs SMVC-30 (19±5.8 vs 15±5.1 bpm, p<0.05). However, results for CVM-10 showed similar &#916;HR compared to results for CVSM (p&gt; 0.05). RICVM at rest decreased (p<0.05) during SMVC-30 (30% = 27.9±17.1 vs 12.9±8.5 ms) and SMVC-60 (60% =25.8±18.2 vs 9.96±4.2 ms), but returned to the baseline values when the contraction was interrupted. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with coronary artery disease and/or risk factors for coronary heart disease, low intensity isometric contraction, maintained over long periods of time, presents the same effect on the responses of HR, compared to a high intensity or maximal isometric contraction of briefly duration.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Aspectos técnicos e institucionais de um sistema de inteligência competitiva desenvolvido para a indústria de máquinas para madeira

This paper presents a competitive intelligence system developed for the entrepreneurs of the Brazilian woodworking machinery industry. The system, called MaqMad, was designed as a tool to support the enterprise decision-making and gathers information on the competitive and technological environment of the industry. The architecture of the system allows customizing the access to the information available concerning the particularities of each user. Unlike the original conceptions of IC, eminently intra-organizational, MaqMad was structured as an area of inter-organizational cooperation among companies that make up the industry, as well as suppliers and consumers of such equipment. Based on the characterization of technical and institutional aspects, the main limits of the system operation are presented and the possibilities of overcoming them

Seasonal and spatial variability of vertical particle flux along the Beagle Channel (Southern Patagonia)

The Beagle Channel is a 300-km long passage connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans at ~55° S, where glaciers and river streams meet subantarctic waters. Here we present the first evaluation of downward fluxes and composition of particulate matter in the channel. Settling particle fluxes were collected by sequential sediment traps deployed in two contrasting areas: one in the western part of the channel, corresponding to an early post-glacial environment (site A) and a second, fully deglaciated, river-dominated environment (site B) in the eastern part. In early summer, fluxes at both sites are driven by organic matter produced in spring, with peak organic carbon fluxes of 289 and 413 mg C m−2 d−1 at sites A and B, respectively (C:N ratios of 7.3 and 6.3, respectively). During winter, the fluxes of fecal pellets, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PON) were at their minimum. At site A (integrated annual POC flux of 74 g C m−2 yr−1), seasonality was weak and the flux was driven by ballast material (>95% of total particle flux) of glacial origin year-around, which also promotes the POC export. According to isotopic and taxonomic analyses performed at site A, the low seasonality in the organic component of the flux appears to be mainly related to autochthonous production of nano- and picophytoplankton during autumn and winter, later replaced by microphytoplankton fluxes during spring and summer. At site B, ballast material accounted for <60% of total mass flux and the POC flux showed a marked seasonality with a well-defined maximum after the spring phytoplankton bloom. Regarding the contribution of zooplankton, fecal pellets of appendicularians dominated at the western sector of the channel (site A) while Munida gregaria pellets dominated the flux at the eastern site (site B). This work is a contribution to ongoing efforts to unveil the physical and biogeochemical variables driving the biological carbon pump and the land-sea connections in this high-latitude ecosystem threatened by climate change.Fil: Flores Melo, Elizabeth Ximena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Giesecke, R.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Schloss, Irene Ruth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambientales y Recursos Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Latorre, Maite Pilmayquen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Durrieu de Madron, X.. Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens; FranciaFil: Bourrin, F.. Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens; FranciaFil: Spinelli, Mariela Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Menniti, C.. Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens; FranciaFil: González, H. E.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Menschel, E.. Centro de Investigacion En Ecosistemas de la Patagonia;Fil: Martín de Nascimento, Jacobo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Stroke frequency, associated factors, and clinical features in primary systemic vasculitis: a multicentric observational study

Objectives: The cerebral vessels may be affected in primary systemic vasculitis (PSV), but little is known about cerebrovascular events (CVEs) in this population. This study aimed to determine the frequency of CVEs at the time of diagnosis of PSV, to identify factors associated with CVEs in PSV, and to explore features and outcomes of stroke in patients with PSV. Methods: Data from adults newly diagnosed with PSV within the Diagnostic and Classification Criteria in VASculitis (DCVAS) study were analysed. Demographics, risk factors for vascular disease, and clinical features were compared between patients with PSV with and without CVE. Stroke subtypes and cumulative incidence of recurrent CVE during a prospective 6-month follow-up were also assessed. Results: The analysis included 4828 PSV patients, and a CVE was reported in 169 (3.50%, 95% CI 3.00–4.06): 102 (2.13% 95% CI 1.73–2.56) with stroke and 81 (1.68% 95% CI 1.33–2.08) with transient ischemic attack (TIA). The frequency of CVE was highest in Behçet’s disease (9.5%, 95% CI 5.79–14.37), polyarteritis nodosa (6.2%, 95% CI 3.25–10.61), and Takayasu’s arteritis (6.0%, 95% CI 4.30–8.19), and lowest in microscopic polyangiitis (2.2%, 95% CI 1.09–3.86), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (2.0%, 95% CI 1.20–3.01), cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (1.9%, 95% CI 0.05–9.89), and IgA-vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein) (0.4%, 95% CI 0.01–2.05). PSV patients had a 11.9% cumulative incidence of recurrent CVE during a 6-month follow-up period. Conclusion: CVEs affect a significant proportion of patients at time of PSV diagnosis, and the frequency varies widely among different vasculitis, being higher in Behçet’s. Overall, CVE in PSV is not explained by traditional vascular risk factors and has a high risk of CVE recurrence

Association of Genetic Variants With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Individuals With African Ancestry.

Importance:Primary open-angle glaucoma presents with increased prevalence and a higher degree of clinical severity in populations of African ancestry compared with European or Asian ancestry. Despite this, individuals of African ancestry remain understudied in genomic research for blinding disorders. Objectives:To perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of African ancestry populations and evaluate potential mechanisms of pathogenesis for loci associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. Design, Settings, and Participants:A 2-stage GWAS with a discovery data set of 2320 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma and 2121 control individuals without primary open-angle glaucoma. The validation stage included an additional 6937 affected individuals and 14 917 unaffected individuals using multicenter clinic- and population-based participant recruitment approaches. Study participants were recruited from Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, the United States, Tanzania, Britain, Cameroon, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Morocco, Peru, and Mali from 2003 to 2018. Individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma had open iridocorneal angles and displayed glaucomatous optic neuropathy with visual field defects. Elevated intraocular pressure was not included in the case definition. Control individuals had no elevated intraocular pressure and no signs of glaucoma. Exposures:Genetic variants associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. Main Outcomes and Measures:Presence of primary open-angle glaucoma. Genome-wide significance was defined as P &lt; 5 × 10-8 in the discovery stage and in the meta-analysis of combined discovery and validation data. Results:A total of 2320 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma (mean [interquartile range] age, 64.6 [56-74] years; 1055 [45.5%] women) and 2121 individuals without primary open-angle glaucoma (mean [interquartile range] age, 63.4 [55-71] years; 1025 [48.3%] women) were included in the discovery GWAS. The GWAS discovery meta-analysis demonstrated association of variants at amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 2 (APBB2; chromosome 4, rs59892895T&gt;C) with primary open-angle glaucoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.20-1.46]; P = 2 × 10-8). The association was validated in an analysis of an additional 6937 affected individuals and 14 917 unaffected individuals (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09-1.21]; P &lt; .001). Each copy of the rs59892895*C risk allele was associated with increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma when all data were included in a meta-analysis (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.14-1.25]; P = 4 × 10-13). The rs59892895*C risk allele was present at appreciable frequency only in African ancestry populations. In contrast, the rs59892895*C risk allele had a frequency of less than 0.1% in individuals of European or Asian ancestry. Conclusions and Relevance:In this genome-wide association study, variants at the APBB2 locus demonstrated differential association with primary open-angle glaucoma by ancestry. If validated in additional populations this finding may have implications for risk assessment and therapeutic strategies

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London