33 research outputs found

    Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change : UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

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    Abscisic acid is an endogenous stimulator of insulin release from human pancreatic islets with cyclic ADP-ribose as second messenger.

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    Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant stress hormone recently identified as an endogenous pro-inflammatory cytokine in human granulocytes. Because paracrine signaling between pancreatic cells and inflammatory cells is increasingly recognized as a pathogenetic mechanism in the metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes, we investigated the effect of ABA on insulin secretion. Nanomolar ABA increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from RIN-m and INS-1 cells and from murine and human pancreatic islets. The signaling cascade triggered by ABA in insulin releasing cells sequentially involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, cAMP overproduction, protein kinase A-mediated activation of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase CD38, and cyclic ADP-ribose overproduction. ABA is rapidly produced and released from human islets, RIN-m, and INS-1 cells stimulated with high glucose concentrations. In conclusion, ABA is an endogenous stimulator of insulin secretion in human and murine pancreatic cells. Autocrine release of ABA by glucose-stimulated pancreatic cells, and the paracrine production of the hormone by activated granulocytes and monocytes suggest that ABA may be involved in the physiology of insulin release as well as in its dysregulation under conditions of inflammation

    Middle and late Pleistocene glaciations in the Campo Felice Basin (central Apennines, Italy)

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    The present paper refers to research conducted in the tectonic-karst depression of Campo Felice in the central Apennines (Italy), in which glacial, alluvial and lacustrine sediments have been preserved. Stratigraphic interpretations of sediments underlying the Campo Felice Plain are based on evidence obtained from nine continuous-core boreholes. The boreholes reach a depth of 120 m and provide evidence of five sedimentation cycles separated by erosion surfaces. Each cycle is interpreted as an initial response to a mainly warm stage, characterized by low-energy alluvial and colluvial deposition, pedogenesis, and limited episodes of marsh formation. In turn, a mainly cold stage follows during which a lake formed, and glaciers developed and expanded, leading to deposition of glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. The chronological framework is established by eleven accelerator mass spectrometer 14C ages and three 39Ar–40Ar ages on leucites from interbedded tephra layers. These age determinations indicate five glacial advances that respectively occurred during marine oxygen isotope stages 2, 3–4, 6, 10 and 14
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