Análise ecológica dos acidentes e da violência letal em Vitória, ES

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the socioeconomic background and its relationship with spatial distribution of mortality due to violence. METHODS: Ecological study conducted to explore the space distribution of mortality due to violence in the city of Vitória, Southeastern Brazil, between 2000 and 2003, based on population and socioeconomic information. Mortality data were correlated with information on victim's place of residence, type of violence, gender, and skin color. Data were analyzed using space average, odds ratio, and cluster analysis. RESULTS: There were reported 828 deaths due to violence during the study period, accounting for 17% of all deaths in the city. Of these, 72% were homicides, 21.8% traffic accidents, and 6% suicides. Violence victims were mostly young black males, living in poorer areas of the city. In contrast, as for suicide and traffic accidents, the victims were older white females living in the wealthiest area of the city. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that violence is a phenomenon occurring in all socioeconomic levels but black people at the lowest level are more likely to die from homicides while white well-off people are more likely to die from suicide and traffic accidents.OBJETIVO: Analizar el contexto socioeconómico y su relación con la incidencia espacial de la mortalidad debido a la violencia. MÉTODOS: Fue realizado estudio del tipo ecológico en el municipio de Vitória (Sureste de Brasil), de 2000 a 2003, sobre la distribución espacial de la mortalidad por accidentes y violencia, con base en las informaciones poblacionales y socioeconómicas. Los datos sobre mortalidad fueron relacionados con informaciones como lugar de residencia de la víctima, tipo de ocurrencia, sexo y raza/color. El análisis de las informaciones utilizó el promedio espacial, odds ratio y análisis de cluster. RESULTADOS: Ocurrieron 828 óbitos por violencia en el período estudiado, representando 17% del total de óbitos del municipio. De estos, 72% eran homicidios, 21,8% accidentes de transporte y 6% suicidios. El patrón de las víctimas de los homicidios fue ser joven, negro, del sexo masculino y residente en regiones más pobres de la ciudad. Suicidios y accidentes de transporte afectaron víctimas más viejas, blancas, del sexo femenino y residentes en el área más rica de la ciudad. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que la violencia es un fenómeno que afecta todas las clases sociales, con destaque para las personas de raza negra y bajo nivel socioeconómico que tienen mayor oportunidad de muerte por homicidio; y blancos de nivel socioeconómico más elevado, suicidios y accidentes de transporte predominan.OBJETIVO: Analisar o contexto socioeconômico e sua relação com a incidência espacial da mortalidade devido à violência. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo do tipo ecológico no município de Vitória, ES, de 2000 a 2003, sobre a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes e violência, com base nas informações populacionais e socioeconômicas. Os dados sobre mortalidade foram relacionados a informações como local de residência da vítima, tipo de ocorrência, sexo e raça/cor. A análise das informações utilizou a média espacial, odds ratio e análise de cluster. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 828 óbitos por violência no período estudado, representando 17% do total de óbitos do município. Destes, 72% eram homicídios, 21,8% acidentes de transporte e 6% suicídios. O padrão das vítimas dos homicídios foi ser jovem, negro, do sexo masculino e residente em regiões mais pobres da cidade. Suicídios e acidentes de transporte acometeram vítimas mais velhas, brancas, do sexo feminino e residentes na área mais rica da cidade. CONCLUSÕES: O resultados mostram que a violência é um fenômeno que atinge todas as classes sociais, com destaque para as pessoas da raça negra e baixo nível socieconômico que têm maior chance de morte por homicídio; e brancos de nível socioeconômico mais elevado, suicídios e acidentes de transporte se sobressaem

Estratégias Emergentes no Manejo do Acidente Vascular Cerebral - Perspectivas e Desafios

This paper presents a systematic review on approaches to the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the emergency setting, highlighting therapeutic interventions such as thrombolytic therapy and mechanical thrombectomy. The analysis of the reviewed studies reveals significant advances in the treatment of acute stroke, including the expansion of therapeutic windows and the growing role of endovascular intervention. Despite progress, challenges persist in early diagnosis, effective patient referral, and availability of specialized resources. Continuous research and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial to advancing understanding and treatment of stroke in the emergency setting, aiming to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life.Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sistemática sobre as abordagens para o manejo do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) na emergência, destacando intervenções terapêuticas como terapia trombolítica e trombectomia mecânica. A análise dos estudos revisados revela avanços significativos no tratamento do AVC agudo, incluindo a ampliação das janelas terapêuticas e o papel crescente da intervenção endovascular. Apesar dos progressos, desafios persistem no diagnóstico precoce, encaminhamento eficaz de pacientes e disponibilidade de recursos especializados. A pesquisa contínua e a colaboração interdisciplinar são fundamentais para avançar na compreensão e no tratamento do AVC na emergência, visando melhorar os desfechos clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Análise ecológica dos acidentes e da violência letal em Vitória, ES

OBJETIVO: Analisar o contexto socioeconômico e sua relação com a incidência espacial da mortalidade devido à violência. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo do tipo ecológico no município de Vitória, ES, de 2000 a 2003, sobre a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes e violência, com base nas informações populacionais e socioeconômicas. Os dados sobre mortalidade foram relacionados a informações como local de residência da vítima, tipo de ocorrência, sexo e raça/cor. A análise das informações utilizou a média espacial, odds ratio e análise de cluster. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 828 óbitos por violência no período estudado, representando 17% do total de óbitos do município. Destes, 72% eram homicídios, 21,8% acidentes de transporte e 6% suicídios. O padrão das vítimas dos homicídios foi ser jovem, negro, do sexo masculino e residente em regiões mais pobres da cidade. Suicídios e acidentes de transporte acometeram vítimas mais velhas, brancas, do sexo feminino e residentes na área mais rica da cidade. CONCLUSÕES: O resultados mostram que a violência é um fenômeno que atinge todas as classes sociais, com destaque para as pessoas da raça negra e baixo nível socieconômico que têm maior chance de morte por homicídio; e brancos de nível socioeconômico mais elevado, suicídios e acidentes de transporte se sobressaem

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora